3 \page double_nodes_page Duplicate Nodes or/and Elements
5 \n This operation allows duplicating mesh nodes or/and elements, which can be useful to emulate a crack in the model.
7 Duplication consists in creation of mesh elements "equal" to existing ones.
9 <em>To duplicate nodes or/and elements:</em>
11 <li>From the \b Modification menu choose \b Transformation -> <b> Duplicate
12 Nodes or/and Elements </b> item or click <em>"Duplicate Nodes or/and
13 Elements"</em> button in the toolbar.
15 \image html duplicate_nodes.png "Duplicate Nodes or/and Elements button"
17 <li>Check in the dialog box one of four radio buttons corresponding to
18 the type of duplication operation you would like to perform.</li>
19 <li>Fill the other fields available in the dialog box (depending on
20 the chosen operation mode).</li>
21 <li>Click the \b Apply or <b>Apply and Close</b> button to perform the
22 operation of duplication.</li>
25 \n "Duplicate Nodes or/and Elements" dialog has four working modes:
27 <li>\ref mode_without_elem_anchor "Duplicate nodes only"</li>
28 <li>\ref mode_with_elem_anchor "Duplicate nodes and border elements"</li>
29 <li>\ref mode_elem_only_anchor "Duplicate elements only"</li>
30 <li>\ref mode_group_boundary_anchor "Duplicate nodes on group boundaries"</li>
34 \anchor mode_without_elem_anchor
36 <h2>Duplicate nodes only</h2>
38 \image html duplicate01.png
40 Parameters to be defined in this mode:
42 <li><b>Group of nodes to duplicate</b> (<em>mandatory</em>): these
43 nodes will be duplicated.</li>
44 <li><b>Group of elements to replace nodes with new ones</b>
45 (<em>optional</em>): the new nodes will replace the duplicated nodes
46 within these elements. \b Generate button automatically creates
49 <li><b>Construct group with newly created nodes</b> option
50 (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group with newly
51 created nodes will be built.</li>
53 A schema below illustrates how the crack is emulated using the node duplication.
54 \image html crack_emulation_double_nodes.png "Crack emulation"
55 This schema shows a virtual crack in a 2D mesh created using this duplication
57 - Black balls are <b>duplicated nodes</b>.
58 - Red balls are <b>new nodes</b>.
59 - <b>Elements to replace nodes with new ones</b> are marked with green.
61 Note that in the reality <b>duplicated nodes</b> coincide with <b>new nodes</b>.
64 \anchor mode_with_elem_anchor
67 <h2>Duplicate nodes and border elements</h2>
69 \image html duplicate02.png
71 Parameters to be defined in this mode:
73 <li><b>Group of elements to duplicate</b> (<em>mandatory</em>): these
74 elements will be duplicated.</li>
75 <li><b>Group of nodes not to duplicate</b> (<em>optional</em>):
76 group of nodes at crack bottom which will not be duplicated.</li>
77 <li><b>Group of elements to replace nodes with new ones</b>
78 (<em>mandatory</em>): the new nodes will replace the nodes to
79 duplicate within these elements. \b Generate button automatically
80 creates these groups.</li>
81 <li><b>Construct group with newly created elements</b> option
82 (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group of newly created
83 elements will be built.</li>
84 <li><b>Construct group with newly created nodes</b> option
85 (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group of newly
86 created nodes will be built.</li>
89 A schema below explains the crack emulation using the node duplication
91 \image html crack_emulation_double_nodes_with_elems.png "Crack emulation"
92 This schema shows a virtual crack in a 2D mesh created using this duplication
94 - Black segments are <b>duplicated elements</b> (edges in 2D case).
95 - Black balls (except for the lowest one) are duplicated nodes of <b>duplicated elements</b>.
96 - The lowest black ball is the <b>non-duplicated node</b>.
97 - Red balls are <b>newly created nodes</b>.
98 - Red segments are <b>created elements</b> (edges).
99 - <b>Elements to replace nodes with new ones</b> are marked with green.
101 Note that in the reality <b>nodes to duplicate</b> coincide with <b>new nodes</b>.
103 In a 3D case, where <b>elements to duplicate</b> are faces, the edges
104 located at the "crack" (if any) are cloned automatically.
107 \anchor mode_elem_only_anchor
108 <h2>Duplicate elements only</h2>
110 This mode duplicates the given elements, i.e. creates new elements with the same nodes as the given elements.
113 \image html duplicate03.png
115 Parameters to be defined in this mode:
117 <li><b>Group of elements to duplicate</b> (<em>mandatory</em>): these
118 elements will be duplicated.</li>
119 <li><b>Construct group with newly created elements</b> option
120 (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group of newly created
121 elements will be built. The name of the created group starts from
122 "DoubleElements".</li>
126 \anchor mode_group_boundary_anchor
127 <h2>Duplicate nodes on group boundaries</h2>
129 This mode duplicates nodes located on boundaries between given groups of volumes.
133 \image html duplicate04.png
135 Parameters to be defined in this mode:
137 <li><b>Groups (faces or volumes) </b> (<em>mandatory</em>): list of mesh
138 groups. These groups should be disjoint, i.e. should not have shared
140 <li> If <b>Create joint elements</b> option is activated, flat
141 elements are created on the duplicated nodes: a triangular facet
142 shared by two volumes of two groups generates a flat prism, a
143 quadrangular facet generates a flat hexahedron.
144 Correspondingly 2D joint elements (null area faces) are generated
145 where edges are shared by two faces.
147 The created flat volumes (or faces) are stored in groups. These groups are named
148 according to the position of the group in the list of groups: group
149 "j_n_p" is a group of flat elements that are built between the group \#n
150 and the group \#p in the group list. All flat elements are gathered
151 into the group named "joints3D" (correspondingly "joints2D"). The flat elements of multiple
152 junctions between the simple junction are stored in a group named
153 "jointsMultiples".</li>
154 <li> If <b>On all boundaries</b> option is activated, the volumes (or faces),
155 which are not included into <b>Groups</b> input, are considered
156 as another group and thus the nodes on the boundary
157 between <b>Groups</b> and the remaining mesh are also
161 <br><b>See Also</b> a sample TUI Script of a
162 \ref tui_duplicate_nodes "Duplicate nodes or/and elements" operation.