Salome HOME
refs #255: 7.5.6. Generation of the boundary particles for particulate boundary model
[modules/smesh.git] / src / SMESH / SMESH_MeshEditor.cxx
index 56371d7112930ca2ba49711fe92bed76519cbf84..5c01ab529f54d20d2a643a1cb8a4fb909fc6ac12 100644 (file)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2007-2015  CEA/DEN, EDF R&D, OPEN CASCADE
+// Copyright (C) 2007-2016  CEA/DEN, EDF R&D, OPEN CASCADE
 //
 // Copyright (C) 2003-2007  OPEN CASCADE, EADS/CCR, LIP6, CEA/DEN,
 // CEDRAT, EDF R&D, LEG, PRINCIPIA R&D, BUREAU VERITAS
 
 #include "SMESH_MeshEditor.hxx"
 
-#include "SMDS_FaceOfNodes.hxx"
-#include "SMDS_VolumeTool.hxx"
+#include "SMDS_Downward.hxx"
 #include "SMDS_EdgePosition.hxx"
+#include "SMDS_FaceOfNodes.hxx"
 #include "SMDS_FacePosition.hxx"
-#include "SMDS_SpacePosition.hxx"
-#include "SMDS_MeshGroup.hxx"
 #include "SMDS_LinearEdge.hxx"
-#include "SMDS_Downward.hxx"
+#include "SMDS_MeshGroup.hxx"
 #include "SMDS_SetIterator.hxx"
-
+#include "SMDS_SpacePosition.hxx"
+#include "SMDS_VolumeTool.hxx"
 #include "SMESHDS_Group.hxx"
 #include "SMESHDS_Mesh.hxx"
-
 #include "SMESH_Algo.hxx"
 #include "SMESH_ControlsDef.hxx"
 #include "SMESH_Group.hxx"
+#include "SMESH_Mesh.hxx"
 #include "SMESH_MeshAlgos.hxx"
 #include "SMESH_MesherHelper.hxx"
 #include "SMESH_OctreeNode.hxx"
@@ -73,6 +72,7 @@
 #include <TopTools_ListOfShape.hxx>
 #include <TopTools_SequenceOfShape.hxx>
 #include <TopoDS.hxx>
+#include <TopoDS_Edge.hxx>
 #include <TopoDS_Face.hxx>
 #include <TopoDS_Solid.hxx>
 #include <gp.hxx>
 using namespace std;
 using namespace SMESH::Controls;
 
-namespace
-{
-  template < class ELEM_SET >
-  SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr elemSetIterator( const ELEM_SET& elements )
-  {
-    typedef SMDS_SetIterator
-      < SMDS_pElement, typename ELEM_SET::const_iterator> TSetIterator;
-    return SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr( new TSetIterator( elements.begin(), elements.end() ));
-  }
-}
-
 //=======================================================================
 //function : SMESH_MeshEditor
 //purpose  :
@@ -125,6 +114,18 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::SMESH_MeshEditor( SMESH_Mesh* theMesh )
 {
 }
 
+//================================================================================
+/*!
+ * \brief Return mesh DS
+ */
+//================================================================================
+
+SMESHDS_Mesh * SMESH_MeshEditor::GetMeshDS()
+{
+  return myMesh->GetMeshDS();
+}
+
+
 //================================================================================
 /*!
  * \brief Clears myLastCreatedNodes and myLastCreatedElems
@@ -133,8 +134,8 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::SMESH_MeshEditor( SMESH_Mesh* theMesh )
 
 void SMESH_MeshEditor::ClearLastCreated()
 {
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
+  SMESHUtils::FreeVector( myLastCreatedElems );
+  SMESHUtils::FreeVector( myLastCreatedNodes );
 }
 
 //================================================================================
@@ -366,7 +367,7 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::AddElement(const vector<const SMDS_MeshNode*> & node,
 
   default:;
   }
-  if ( e ) myLastCreatedElems.Append( e );
+  if ( e ) myLastCreatedElems.push_back( e );
   return e;
 }
 
@@ -400,8 +401,7 @@ SMDS_MeshElement* SMESH_MeshEditor::AddElement(const vector<int> & nodeIDs,
 int SMESH_MeshEditor::Remove (const list< int >& theIDs,
                               const bool         isNodes )
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   SMESHDS_Mesh* aMesh = GetMeshDS();
   set< SMESH_subMesh *> smmap;
@@ -462,31 +462,26 @@ int SMESH_MeshEditor::Remove (const list< int >& theIDs,
 
 //================================================================================
 /*!
- * \brief Create 0D elements on all nodes of the given object except those
- *        nodes on which a 0D element already exists.
+ * \brief Create 0D elements on all nodes of the given object.
  *  \param elements - Elements on whose nodes to create 0D elements; if empty, 
  *                    the all mesh is treated
  *  \param all0DElems - returns all 0D elements found or created on nodes of \a elements
+ *  \param duplicateElements - to add one more 0D element to a node or not
  */
 //================================================================================
 
 void SMESH_MeshEditor::Create0DElementsOnAllNodes( const TIDSortedElemSet& elements,
-                                                   TIDSortedElemSet&       all0DElems )
+                                                   TIDSortedElemSet&       all0DElems,
+                                                   const bool              duplicateElements )
 {
   SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr elemIt;
-  vector< const SMDS_MeshElement* > allNodes;
   if ( elements.empty() )
   {
-    allNodes.reserve( GetMeshDS()->NbNodes() );
     elemIt = GetMeshDS()->elementsIterator( SMDSAbs_Node );
-    while ( elemIt->more() )
-      allNodes.push_back( elemIt->next() );
-
-    elemIt = elemSetIterator( allNodes );
   }
   else
   {
-    elemIt = elemSetIterator( elements );
+    elemIt = SMESHUtils::elemSetIterator( elements );
   }
 
   while ( elemIt->more() )
@@ -497,12 +492,13 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::Create0DElementsOnAllNodes( const TIDSortedElemSet& eleme
     {
       const SMDS_MeshNode* n = cast2Node( nodeIt->next() );
       SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr it0D = n->GetInverseElementIterator( SMDSAbs_0DElement );
-      if ( it0D->more() )
-        all0DElems.insert( it0D->next() );
-      else {
-        myLastCreatedElems.Append( GetMeshDS()->Add0DElement( n ));
-        all0DElems.insert( myLastCreatedElems.Last() );
+      if ( duplicateElements || !it0D->more() )
+      {
+        myLastCreatedElems.push_back( GetMeshDS()->Add0DElement( n ));
+        all0DElems.insert( myLastCreatedElems.back() );
       }
+      while ( it0D->more() )
+        all0DElems.insert( it0D->next() );
     }
   }
 }
@@ -515,8 +511,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::Create0DElementsOnAllNodes( const TIDSortedElemSet& eleme
 
 int SMESH_MeshEditor::FindShape (const SMDS_MeshElement * theElem)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   SMESHDS_Mesh * aMesh = GetMeshDS();
   if ( aMesh->ShapeToMesh().IsNull() )
@@ -683,9 +678,7 @@ static bool getNodesFromTwoTria(const SMDS_MeshElement * theTria1,
 bool SMESH_MeshEditor::InverseDiag (const SMDS_MeshElement * theTria1,
                                     const SMDS_MeshElement * theTria2 )
 {
-  MESSAGE("InverseDiag");
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   if (!theTria1 || !theTria2)
     return false;
@@ -885,10 +878,7 @@ static bool findTriangles(const SMDS_MeshNode *    theNode1,
 bool SMESH_MeshEditor::InverseDiag (const SMDS_MeshNode * theNode1,
                                     const SMDS_MeshNode * theNode2)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
-
-  MESSAGE( "::InverseDiag()" );
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   const SMDS_MeshElement *tr1, *tr2;
   if ( !findTriangles( theNode1, theNode2, tr1, tr2 ))
@@ -1008,10 +998,7 @@ bool getQuadrangleNodes(const SMDS_MeshNode *    theQuadNodes [],
 bool SMESH_MeshEditor::DeleteDiag (const SMDS_MeshNode * theNode1,
                                    const SMDS_MeshNode * theNode2)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
-
-  MESSAGE( "::DeleteDiag()" );
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   const SMDS_MeshElement *tr1, *tr2;
   if ( !findTriangles( theNode1, theNode2, tr1, tr2 ))
@@ -1032,13 +1019,13 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::DeleteDiag (const SMDS_MeshNode * theNode1,
 
     const SMDS_MeshElement* newElem = 0;
     newElem = aMesh->AddFace( aNodes[0], aNodes[1], aNodes[2], aNodes[3] );
-    myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem);
+    myLastCreatedElems.push_back(newElem);
     AddToSameGroups( newElem, tr1, aMesh );
     int aShapeId = tr1->getshapeId();
     if ( aShapeId )
-      {
-        aMesh->SetMeshElementOnShape( newElem, aShapeId );
-      }
+    {
+      aMesh->SetMeshElementOnShape( newElem, aShapeId );
+    }
     aMesh->RemoveElement( tr1 );
     aMesh->RemoveElement( tr2 );
 
@@ -1082,13 +1069,13 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::DeleteDiag (const SMDS_MeshNode * theNode1,
   const SMDS_MeshElement* newElem = 0;
   newElem = aMesh->AddFace( aNodes[0], aNodes[1], aNodes[2], aNodes[3],
                             aNodes[4], aNodes[5], aNodes[6], aNodes[7]);
-  myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem);
+  myLastCreatedElems.push_back(newElem);
   AddToSameGroups( newElem, tr1, aMesh );
   int aShapeId = tr1->getshapeId();
   if ( aShapeId )
-    {
-      aMesh->SetMeshElementOnShape( newElem, aShapeId );
-    }
+  {
+    aMesh->SetMeshElementOnShape( newElem, aShapeId );
+  }
   aMesh->RemoveElement( tr1 );
   aMesh->RemoveElement( tr2 );
 
@@ -1105,9 +1092,7 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::DeleteDiag (const SMDS_MeshNode * theNode1,
 
 bool SMESH_MeshEditor::Reorient (const SMDS_MeshElement * theElem)
 {
-  MESSAGE("Reorient");
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   if (!theElem)
     return false;
@@ -1312,7 +1297,7 @@ int SMESH_MeshEditor::Reorient2DBy3D (TIDSortedElemSet & theFaces,
   if ( theFaces.empty() )
     faceIt = GetMeshDS()->elementsIterator( SMDSAbs_Face );
   else
-    faceIt = elemSetIterator( theFaces );
+    faceIt = SMESHUtils::elemSetIterator( theFaces );
 
   vector< const SMDS_MeshNode* > faceNodes;
   TIDSortedElemSet checkedVolumes;
@@ -1401,17 +1386,17 @@ static double getBadRate (const SMDS_MeshElement*               theElem,
 bool SMESH_MeshEditor::QuadToTri (TIDSortedElemSet &                   theElems,
                                   SMESH::Controls::NumericalFunctorPtr theCrit)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   if ( !theCrit.get() )
     return false;
 
-  SMESHDS_Mesh * aMesh = GetMeshDS();
-
+  SMESHDS_Mesh *       aMesh = GetMeshDS();
   Handle(Geom_Surface) surface;
   SMESH_MesherHelper   helper( *GetMesh() );
 
+  myLastCreatedElems.reserve( theElems.size() * 2 );
+
   TIDSortedElemSet::iterator itElem;
   for ( itElem = theElems.begin(); itElem != theElems.end(); itElem++ )
   {
@@ -1480,8 +1465,8 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::QuadToTri (TIDSortedElemSet &                   theElems,
 
     // care of a new element
 
-    myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem1);
-    myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem2);
+    myLastCreatedElems.push_back(newElem1);
+    myLastCreatedElems.push_back(newElem2);
     AddToSameGroups( newElem1, elem, aMesh );
     AddToSameGroups( newElem2, elem, aMesh );
 
@@ -1504,21 +1489,21 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::QuadToTri (TIDSortedElemSet &                   theElems,
 
 void SMESH_MeshEditor::QuadTo4Tri (TIDSortedElemSet & theElems)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
+  myLastCreatedElems.reserve( theElems.size() * 4 );
 
   SMESH_MesherHelper helper( *GetMesh() );
   helper.SetElementsOnShape( true );
 
   SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr faceIt;
   if ( theElems.empty() ) faceIt = GetMeshDS()->elementsIterator(SMDSAbs_Face);
-  else                    faceIt = elemSetIterator( theElems );
+  else                    faceIt = SMESHUtils::elemSetIterator( theElems );
 
   bool   checkUV;
   gp_XY  uv [9]; uv[8] = gp_XY(0,0);
   gp_XYZ xyz[9];
   vector< const SMDS_MeshNode* > nodes;
-  SMESHDS_SubMesh*               subMeshDS;
+  SMESHDS_SubMesh*               subMeshDS = 0;
   TopoDS_Face                    F;
   Handle(Geom_Surface)           surface;
   TopLoc_Location                loc;
@@ -1596,25 +1581,25 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::QuadTo4Tri (TIDSortedElemSet & theElems)
 
       nCentral = helper.AddNode( xyz[8].X(), xyz[8].Y(), xyz[8].Z(), /*id=*/0,
                                  uv[8].X(), uv[8].Y() );
-      myLastCreatedNodes.Append( nCentral );
+      myLastCreatedNodes.push_back( nCentral );
     }
 
     // create 4 triangles
 
-    GetMeshDS()->RemoveFreeElement( quad, subMeshDS, /*fromGroups=*/false );
-    
     helper.SetIsQuadratic  ( nodes.size() > 4 );
     helper.SetIsBiQuadratic( nodes.size() == 9 );
     if ( helper.GetIsQuadratic() )
       helper.AddTLinks( static_cast< const SMDS_MeshFace*>( quad ));
 
+    GetMeshDS()->RemoveFreeElement( quad, subMeshDS, /*fromGroups=*/false );
+
     for ( int i = 0; i < 4; ++i )
     {
       SMDS_MeshElement* tria = helper.AddFace( nodes[ i ],
                                                nodes[(i+1)%4],
                                                nCentral );
       ReplaceElemInGroups( tria, quad, GetMeshDS() );
-      myLastCreatedElems.Append( tria );
+      myLastCreatedElems.push_back( tria );
     }
   }
 }
@@ -1627,8 +1612,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::QuadTo4Tri (TIDSortedElemSet & theElems)
 int SMESH_MeshEditor::BestSplit (const SMDS_MeshElement*              theQuad,
                                  SMESH::Controls::NumericalFunctorPtr theCrit)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   if (!theCrit.get())
     return -1;
@@ -2130,7 +2114,7 @@ namespace
 
     // No adjacent prisms. Select a variant with a best aspect ratio.
 
-    double badness[2] = { 0, 0 };
+    double badness[2] = { 0., 0. };
     static SMESH::Controls::NumericalFunctorPtr aspectRatio( new SMESH::Controls::AspectRatio);
     const SMDS_MeshNode** nodes = vol.GetNodes();
     for ( int variant = 0; variant < nbVariants; ++variant )
@@ -2294,7 +2278,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::SplitVolumes (const TFacetOfElem & theElems,
       volTool.GetBaryCenter( bc[0], bc[1], bc[2] );
       SMDS_MeshNode* gcNode = helper.AddNode( bc[0], bc[1], bc[2] );
       nodes.push_back( gcNode );
-      newNodes.Append( gcNode );
+      newNodes.push_back( gcNode );
     }
     if ( !splitMethod._faceBaryNode.empty() )
     {
@@ -2308,7 +2292,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::SplitVolumes (const TFacetOfElem & theElems,
         if ( !f_n->second )
         {
           volTool.GetFaceBaryCenter( iF_n->first, bc[0], bc[1], bc[2] );
-          newNodes.Append( f_n->second = helper.AddNode( bc[0], bc[1], bc[2] ));
+          newNodes.push_back( f_n->second = helper.AddNode( bc[0], bc[1], bc[2] ));
         }
         nodes.push_back( iF_n->second = f_n->second );
       }
@@ -2319,18 +2303,18 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::SplitVolumes (const TFacetOfElem & theElems,
     const int* volConn = splitMethod._connectivity;
     if ( splitMethod._nbCorners == 4 ) // tetra
       for ( int i = 0; i < splitMethod._nbSplits; ++i, volConn += splitMethod._nbCorners )
-        newElems.Append( splitVols[ i ] = helper.AddVolume( nodes[ volConn[0] ],
-                                                            nodes[ volConn[1] ],
-                                                            nodes[ volConn[2] ],
-                                                            nodes[ volConn[3] ]));
+        newElems.push_back( splitVols[ i ] = helper.AddVolume( nodes[ volConn[0] ],
+                                                               nodes[ volConn[1] ],
+                                                               nodes[ volConn[2] ],
+                                                               nodes[ volConn[3] ]));
     else // prisms
       for ( int i = 0; i < splitMethod._nbSplits; ++i, volConn += splitMethod._nbCorners )
-        newElems.Append( splitVols[ i ] = helper.AddVolume( nodes[ volConn[0] ],
-                                                            nodes[ volConn[1] ],
-                                                            nodes[ volConn[2] ],
-                                                            nodes[ volConn[3] ],
-                                                            nodes[ volConn[4] ],
-                                                            nodes[ volConn[5] ]));
+        newElems.push_back( splitVols[ i ] = helper.AddVolume( nodes[ volConn[0] ],
+                                                               nodes[ volConn[1] ],
+                                                               nodes[ volConn[2] ],
+                                                               nodes[ volConn[3] ],
+                                                               nodes[ volConn[4] ],
+                                                               nodes[ volConn[5] ]));
 
     ReplaceElemInGroups( elem, splitVols, GetMeshDS() );
 
@@ -2383,7 +2367,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::SplitVolumes (const TFacetOfElem & theElems,
               gp_XY uv( 1e100, 1e100 );
               double distXYZ[4];
               if ( !fHelper.CheckNodeUV( TopoDS::Face( s ), baryNode,
-                                        uv, /*tol=*/1e-7, /*force=*/true, distXYZ ) &&
+                                         uv, /*tol=*/1e-7, /*force=*/true, distXYZ ) &&
                    uv.X() < 1e100 )
               {
                 // node is too far from the surface
@@ -2437,7 +2421,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::SplitVolumes (const TFacetOfElem & theElems,
           if ( !triangles[ i ]) continue;
           if ( fSubMesh )
             fSubMesh->AddElement( triangles[ i ]);
-          newElems.Append( triangles[ i ]);
+          newElems.push_back( triangles[ i ]);
         }
         ReplaceElemInGroups( face, triangles, GetMeshDS() );
         GetMeshDS()->RemoveFreeElement( face, fSubMesh, /*fromGroups=*/false );
@@ -2474,7 +2458,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::GetHexaFacetsToSplit( TIDSortedElemSet& theHexas,
                                              const gp_Ax1&     theFacetNormal,
                                              TFacetOfElem &    theFacets)
 {
-  #define THIS_METHOD "SMESH_MeshEditor::GetHexaFacetsToSplit(): "
+#define THIS_METHOD "SMESH_MeshEditor::GetHexaFacetsToSplit(): "
 
   // Find a hexa closest to the location of theFacetNormal
 
@@ -2928,13 +2912,10 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::ReplaceElemInGroups (const SMDS_MeshElement*
 bool SMESH_MeshEditor::QuadToTri (TIDSortedElemSet & theElems,
                                   const bool         the13Diag)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
-
-  MESSAGE( "::QuadToTri()" );
-
-  SMESHDS_Mesh * aMesh = GetMeshDS();
+  ClearLastCreated();
+  myLastCreatedElems.reserve( theElems.size() * 2 );
 
+  SMESHDS_Mesh *       aMesh = GetMeshDS();
   Handle(Geom_Surface) surface;
   SMESH_MesherHelper   helper( *GetMesh() );
 
@@ -2964,8 +2945,8 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::QuadToTri (TIDSortedElemSet & theElems,
         newElem1 = aMesh->AddFace( aNodes[3], aNodes[0], aNodes[1] );
         newElem2 = aMesh->AddFace( aNodes[3], aNodes[1], aNodes[2] );
       }
-      myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem1);
-      myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem2);
+      myLastCreatedElems.push_back(newElem1);
+      myLastCreatedElems.push_back(newElem2);
       // put a new triangle on the same shape and add to the same groups
       if ( aShapeId )
       {
@@ -2979,7 +2960,7 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::QuadToTri (TIDSortedElemSet & theElems,
 
     // Quadratic quadrangle
 
-    else if ( elem->NbNodes() == 8 )
+    else if ( elem->NbNodes() >= 8 )
     {
       // get surface elem is on
       int aShapeId = FindShape( elem );
@@ -2996,55 +2977,37 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::QuadToTri (TIDSortedElemSet & theElems,
         }
       }
 
-      const SMDS_MeshNode* aNodes [8];
-      const SMDS_MeshNode* inFaceNode = 0;
+      const SMDS_MeshNode* aNodes [9]; aNodes[8] = 0;
       SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr itN = elem->nodesIterator();
-      int i = 0;
-      if ( helper.GetNodeUVneedInFaceNode() )
-        while ( itN->more() && !inFaceNode ) {
-          aNodes[ i++ ] = static_cast<const SMDS_MeshNode*>( itN->next() );
-          if ( aNodes[ i-1 ]->GetPosition()->GetTypeOfPosition() == SMDS_TOP_FACE )
-          {
-            inFaceNode = aNodes[ i-1 ];
-          }
-        }
+      for ( int i = 0; itN->more(); ++i )
+        aNodes[ i ] = static_cast<const SMDS_MeshNode*>( itN->next() );
 
-      // find middle point for (0,1,2,3)
-      // and create a node in this point;
-      gp_XYZ p( 0,0,0 );
-      if ( surface.IsNull() ) {
-        for(i=0; i<4; i++)
-          p += gp_XYZ(aNodes[i]->X(), aNodes[i]->Y(), aNodes[i]->Z() );
-        p /= 4;
-      }
-      else {
-        TopoDS_Face geomFace = TopoDS::Face( helper.GetSubShape() );
-        gp_XY uv( 0,0 );
-        for(i=0; i<4; i++)
-          uv += helper.GetNodeUV( geomFace, aNodes[i], inFaceNode );
-        uv /= 4.;
-        p = surface->Value( uv.X(), uv.Y() ).XYZ();
+      const SMDS_MeshNode* centrNode = aNodes[8];
+      if ( centrNode == 0 )
+      {
+        centrNode = helper.GetCentralNode( aNodes[0], aNodes[1], aNodes[2], aNodes[3],
+                                           aNodes[4], aNodes[5], aNodes[6], aNodes[7],
+                                           surface.IsNull() );
+        myLastCreatedNodes.push_back(centrNode);
       }
-      const SMDS_MeshNode* newN = aMesh->AddNode( p.X(), p.Y(), p.Z() );
-      myLastCreatedNodes.Append(newN);
 
       // create a new element
       const SMDS_MeshElement* newElem1 = 0;
       const SMDS_MeshElement* newElem2 = 0;
       if ( the13Diag ) {
         newElem1 = aMesh->AddFace(aNodes[2], aNodes[3], aNodes[0],
-                                  aNodes[6], aNodes[7], newN );
+                                  aNodes[6], aNodes[7], centrNode );
         newElem2 = aMesh->AddFace(aNodes[2], aNodes[0], aNodes[1],
-                                  newN,      aNodes[4], aNodes[5] );
+                                  centrNode, aNodes[4], aNodes[5] );
       }
       else {
         newElem1 = aMesh->AddFace(aNodes[3], aNodes[0], aNodes[1],
-                                  aNodes[7], aNodes[4], newN );
+                                  aNodes[7], aNodes[4], centrNode );
         newElem2 = aMesh->AddFace(aNodes[3], aNodes[1], aNodes[2],
-                                  newN,      aNodes[5], aNodes[6] );
+                                  centrNode, aNodes[5], aNodes[6] );
       }
-      myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem1);
-      myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem2);
+      myLastCreatedElems.push_back(newElem1);
+      myLastCreatedElems.push_back(newElem2);
       // put a new triangle on the same shape and add to the same groups
       if ( aShapeId )
       {
@@ -3168,10 +3131,8 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::TriToQuad (TIDSortedElemSet &                   theElems,
                                   SMESH::Controls::NumericalFunctorPtr theCrit,
                                   const double                         theMaxAngle)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
-
-  MESSAGE( "::TriToQuad()" );
+  ClearLastCreated();
+  myLastCreatedElems.reserve( theElems.size() / 2 );
 
   if ( !theCrit.get() )
     return false;
@@ -3277,7 +3238,7 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::TriToQuad (TIDSortedElemSet &                   theElems,
       if ( startElem ) {
         // Get candidates to be fused
         const SMDS_MeshElement *tr1 = startElem, *tr2 = 0, *tr3 = 0;
-        const SMESH_TLink *link12, *link13;
+        const SMESH_TLink *link12 = 0, *link13 = 0;
         startElem = 0;
         ASSERT( mapEl_setLi.find( tr1 ) != mapEl_setLi.end() );
         set< SMESH_TLink >& setLi = mapEl_setLi[ tr1 ];
@@ -3355,7 +3316,7 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::TriToQuad (TIDSortedElemSet &                   theElems,
           {
             const SMDS_MeshElement* newElem = 0;
             newElem = aMesh->AddFace(n12[0], n12[1], n12[2], n12[3] );
-            myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem);
+            myLastCreatedElems.push_back(newElem);
             AddToSameGroups( newElem, tr1, aMesh );
             int aShapeId = tr1->getshapeId();
             if ( aShapeId )
@@ -3386,7 +3347,7 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::TriToQuad (TIDSortedElemSet &                   theElems,
             else
               newElem = aMesh->AddFace(aNodes[0], aNodes[1], aNodes[2], aNodes[3],
                                        aNodes[4], aNodes[5], aNodes[6], aNodes[7]);
-            myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem);
+            myLastCreatedElems.push_back(newElem);
             AddToSameGroups( newElem, tr1, aMesh );
             int aShapeId = tr1->getshapeId();
             if ( aShapeId )
@@ -3409,7 +3370,7 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::TriToQuad (TIDSortedElemSet &                   theElems,
           if ( tr1->NbNodes() == 3 ) {
             const SMDS_MeshElement* newElem = 0;
             newElem = aMesh->AddFace(n13[0], n13[1], n13[2], n13[3] );
-            myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem);
+            myLastCreatedElems.push_back(newElem);
             AddToSameGroups( newElem, tr1, aMesh );
             int aShapeId = tr1->getshapeId();
             if ( aShapeId )
@@ -3440,7 +3401,7 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::TriToQuad (TIDSortedElemSet &                   theElems,
             else
               newElem = aMesh->AddFace(aNodes[0], aNodes[1], aNodes[2], aNodes[3],
                                        aNodes[4], aNodes[5], aNodes[6], aNodes[7]);
-            myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem);
+            myLastCreatedElems.push_back(newElem);
             AddToSameGroups( newElem, tr1, aMesh );
             int aShapeId = tr1->getshapeId();
             if ( aShapeId )
@@ -3468,286 +3429,6 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::TriToQuad (TIDSortedElemSet &                   theElems,
   return true;
 }
 
-
-/*#define DUMPSO(txt) \
-//  cout << txt << endl;
-//=============================================================================
-//
-//
-//
-//=============================================================================
-static void swap( int i1, int i2, int idNodes[], gp_Pnt P[] )
-{
-if ( i1 == i2 )
-return;
-int tmp = idNodes[ i1 ];
-idNodes[ i1 ] = idNodes[ i2 ];
-idNodes[ i2 ] = tmp;
-gp_Pnt Ptmp = P[ i1 ];
-P[ i1 ] = P[ i2 ];
-P[ i2 ] = Ptmp;
-DUMPSO( i1 << "(" << idNodes[ i2 ] << ") <-> " << i2 << "(" << idNodes[ i1 ] << ")");
-}
-
-//=======================================================================
-//function : SortQuadNodes
-//purpose  : Set 4 nodes of a quadrangle face in a good order.
-//           Swap 1<->2 or 2<->3 nodes and correspondingly return
-//           1 or 2 else 0.
-//=======================================================================
-
-int SMESH_MeshEditor::SortQuadNodes (const SMDS_Mesh * theMesh,
-int               idNodes[] )
-{
-  gp_Pnt P[4];
-  int i;
-  for ( i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) {
-    const SMDS_MeshNode *n = theMesh->FindNode( idNodes[i] );
-    if ( !n ) return 0;
-    P[ i ].SetCoord( n->X(), n->Y(), n->Z() );
-  }
-
-  gp_Vec V1(P[0], P[1]);
-  gp_Vec V2(P[0], P[2]);
-  gp_Vec V3(P[0], P[3]);
-
-  gp_Vec Cross1 = V1 ^ V2;
-  gp_Vec Cross2 = V2 ^ V3;
-
-  i = 0;
-  if (Cross1.Dot(Cross2) < 0)
-  {
-    Cross1 = V2 ^ V1;
-    Cross2 = V1 ^ V3;
-
-    if (Cross1.Dot(Cross2) < 0)
-      i = 2;
-    else
-      i = 1;
-    swap ( i, i + 1, idNodes, P );
-
-    //     for ( int ii = 0; ii < 4; ii++ ) {
-    //       const SMDS_MeshNode *n = theMesh->FindNode( idNodes[ii] );
-    //       DUMPSO( ii << "(" << idNodes[ii] <<") : "<<n->X()<<" "<<n->Y()<<" "<<n->Z());
-    //     }
-  }
-  return i;
-}
-
-//=======================================================================
-//function : SortHexaNodes
-//purpose  : Set 8 nodes of a hexahedron in a good order.
-//           Return success status
-//=======================================================================
-
-bool SMESH_MeshEditor::SortHexaNodes (const SMDS_Mesh * theMesh,
-                                      int               idNodes[] )
-{
-  gp_Pnt P[8];
-  int i;
-  DUMPSO( "INPUT: ========================================");
-  for ( i = 0; i < 8; i++ ) {
-    const SMDS_MeshNode *n = theMesh->FindNode( idNodes[i] );
-    if ( !n ) return false;
-    P[ i ].SetCoord( n->X(), n->Y(), n->Z() );
-    DUMPSO( i << "(" << idNodes[i] <<") : "<<n->X()<<" "<<n->Y()<<" "<<n->Z());
-  }
-  DUMPSO( "========================================");
-
-
-  set<int> faceNodes;  // ids of bottom face nodes, to be found
-  set<int> checkedId1; // ids of tried 2-nd nodes
-  Standard_Real leastDist = DBL_MAX; // dist of the 4-th node from 123 plane
-  const Standard_Real tol = 1.e-6;   // tolerance to find nodes in plane
-  int iMin, iLoop1 = 0;
-
-  // Loop to try the 2-nd nodes
-
-  while ( leastDist > DBL_MIN && ++iLoop1 < 8 )
-  {
-    // Find not checked 2-nd node
-    for ( i = 1; i < 8; i++ )
-      if ( checkedId1.find( idNodes[i] ) == checkedId1.end() ) {
-        int id1 = idNodes[i];
-        swap ( 1, i, idNodes, P );
-        checkedId1.insert ( id1 );
-        break;
-      }
-
-    // Find the 3-d node so that 1-2-3 triangle to be on a hexa face,
-    // ie that all but meybe one (id3 which is on the same face) nodes
-    // lay on the same side from the triangle plane.
-
-    bool manyInPlane = false; // more than 4 nodes lay in plane
-    int iLoop2 = 0;
-    while ( ++iLoop2 < 6 ) {
-
-      // get 1-2-3 plane coeffs
-      Standard_Real A, B, C, D;
-      gp_Vec N = gp_Vec (P[0], P[1]).Crossed( gp_Vec (P[0], P[2]) );
-      if ( N.SquareMagnitude() > gp::Resolution() )
-      {
-        gp_Pln pln ( P[0], N );
-        pln.Coefficients( A, B, C, D );
-
-        // find the node (iMin) closest to pln
-        Standard_Real dist[ 8 ], minDist = DBL_MAX;
-        set<int> idInPln;
-        for ( i = 3; i < 8; i++ ) {
-          dist[i] = A * P[i].X() + B * P[i].Y() + C * P[i].Z() + D;
-          if ( fabs( dist[i] ) < minDist ) {
-            minDist = fabs( dist[i] );
-            iMin = i;
-          }
-          if ( fabs( dist[i] ) <= tol )
-            idInPln.insert( idNodes[i] );
-        }
-
-        // there should not be more than 4 nodes in bottom plane
-        if ( idInPln.size() > 1 )
-        {
-          DUMPSO( "### idInPln.size() = " << idInPln.size());
-          // idInPlane does not contain the first 3 nodes
-          if ( manyInPlane || idInPln.size() == 5)
-            return false; // all nodes in one plane
-          manyInPlane = true;
-
-          // set the 1-st node to be not in plane
-          for ( i = 3; i < 8; i++ ) {
-            if ( idInPln.find( idNodes[ i ] ) == idInPln.end() ) {
-              DUMPSO( "### Reset 0-th node");
-              swap( 0, i, idNodes, P );
-              break;
-            }
-          }
-
-          // reset to re-check second nodes
-          leastDist = DBL_MAX;
-          faceNodes.clear();
-          checkedId1.clear();
-          iLoop1 = 0;
-          break; // from iLoop2;
-        }
-
-        // check that the other 4 nodes are on the same side
-        bool sameSide = true;
-        bool isNeg = dist[ iMin == 3 ? 4 : 3 ] <= 0.;
-        for ( i = 3; sameSide && i < 8; i++ ) {
-          if ( i != iMin )
-            sameSide = ( isNeg == dist[i] <= 0.);
-        }
-
-        // keep best solution
-        if ( sameSide && minDist < leastDist ) {
-          leastDist = minDist;
-          faceNodes.clear();
-          faceNodes.insert( idNodes[ 1 ] );
-          faceNodes.insert( idNodes[ 2 ] );
-          faceNodes.insert( idNodes[ iMin ] );
-          DUMPSO( "loop " << iLoop2 << " id2 " << idNodes[ 1 ] << " id3 " << idNodes[ 2 ]
-                  << " leastDist = " << leastDist);
-          if ( leastDist <= DBL_MIN )
-            break;
-        }
-      }
-
-      // set next 3-d node to check
-      int iNext = 2 + iLoop2;
-      if ( iNext < 8 ) {
-        DUMPSO( "Try 2-nd");
-        swap ( 2, iNext, idNodes, P );
-      }
-    } // while ( iLoop2 < 6 )
-  } // iLoop1
-
-  if ( faceNodes.empty() ) return false;
-
-  // Put the faceNodes in proper places
-  for ( i = 4; i < 8; i++ ) {
-    if ( faceNodes.find( idNodes[ i ] ) != faceNodes.end() ) {
-      // find a place to put
-      int iTo = 1;
-      while ( faceNodes.find( idNodes[ iTo ] ) != faceNodes.end() )
-        iTo++;
-      DUMPSO( "Set faceNodes");
-      swap ( iTo, i, idNodes, P );
-    }
-  }
-
-
-  // Set nodes of the found bottom face in good order
-  DUMPSO( " Found bottom face: ");
-  i = SortQuadNodes( theMesh, idNodes );
-  if ( i ) {
-    gp_Pnt Ptmp = P[ i ];
-    P[ i ] = P[ i+1 ];
-    P[ i+1 ] = Ptmp;
-  }
-  //   else
-  //     for ( int ii = 0; ii < 4; ii++ ) {
-  //       const SMDS_MeshNode *n = theMesh->FindNode( idNodes[ii] );
-  //       DUMPSO( ii << "(" << idNodes[ii] <<") : "<<n->X()<<" "<<n->Y()<<" "<<n->Z());
-  //    }
-
-  // Gravity center of the top and bottom faces
-  gp_Pnt aGCb = ( P[0].XYZ() + P[1].XYZ() + P[2].XYZ() + P[3].XYZ() ) / 4.;
-  gp_Pnt aGCt = ( P[4].XYZ() + P[5].XYZ() + P[6].XYZ() + P[7].XYZ() ) / 4.;
-
-  // Get direction from the bottom to the top face
-  gp_Vec upDir ( aGCb, aGCt );
-  Standard_Real upDirSize = upDir.Magnitude();
-  if ( upDirSize <= gp::Resolution() ) return false;
-  upDir / upDirSize;
-
-  // Assure that the bottom face normal points up
-  gp_Vec Nb = gp_Vec (P[0], P[1]).Crossed( gp_Vec (P[0], P[2]) );
-  Nb += gp_Vec (P[0], P[2]).Crossed( gp_Vec (P[0], P[3]) );
-  if ( Nb.Dot( upDir ) < 0 ) {
-    DUMPSO( "Reverse bottom face");
-    swap( 1, 3, idNodes, P );
-  }
-
-  // Find 5-th node - the one closest to the 1-st among the last 4 nodes.
-  Standard_Real minDist = DBL_MAX;
-  for ( i = 4; i < 8; i++ ) {
-    // projection of P[i] to the plane defined by P[0] and upDir
-    gp_Pnt Pp = P[i].Translated( upDir * ( upDir.Dot( gp_Vec( P[i], P[0] ))));
-    Standard_Real sqDist = P[0].SquareDistance( Pp );
-    if ( sqDist < minDist ) {
-      minDist = sqDist;
-      iMin = i;
-    }
-  }
-  DUMPSO( "Set 4-th");
-  swap ( 4, iMin, idNodes, P );
-
-  // Set nodes of the top face in good order
-  DUMPSO( "Sort top face");
-  i = SortQuadNodes( theMesh, &idNodes[4] );
-  if ( i ) {
-    i += 4;
-    gp_Pnt Ptmp = P[ i ];
-    P[ i ] = P[ i+1 ];
-    P[ i+1 ] = Ptmp;
-  }
-
-  // Assure that direction of the top face normal is from the bottom face
-  gp_Vec Nt = gp_Vec (P[4], P[5]).Crossed( gp_Vec (P[4], P[6]) );
-  Nt += gp_Vec (P[4], P[6]).Crossed( gp_Vec (P[4], P[7]) );
-  if ( Nt.Dot( upDir ) < 0 ) {
-    DUMPSO( "Reverse top face");
-    swap( 5, 7, idNodes, P );
-  }
-
-  //   DUMPSO( "OUTPUT: ========================================");
-  //   for ( i = 0; i < 8; i++ ) {
-  //     float *p = ugrid->GetPoint(idNodes[i]);
-  //     DUMPSO( i << "(" << idNodes[i] << ") : " << p[0] << " " << p[1] << " " << p[2]);
-  //   }
-
-  return true;
-}*/
-
 //================================================================================
 /*!
  * \brief Return nodes linked to the given one
@@ -3953,10 +3634,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::Smooth (TIDSortedElemSet &          theElems,
                                double                      theTgtAspectRatio,
                                const bool                  the2D)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
-
-  MESSAGE((theSmoothMethod==LAPLACIAN ? "LAPLACIAN" : "CENTROIDAL") << "--::Smooth()");
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   if ( theTgtAspectRatio < 1.0 )
     theTgtAspectRatio = 1.0;
@@ -4016,11 +3694,11 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::Smooth (TIDSortedElemSet &          theElems,
       fToler2 = BRep_Tool::Tolerance( face );
       fToler2 *= fToler2 * 10.;
       isUPeriodic = surface->IsUPeriodic();
-      if ( isUPeriodic )
-        surface->UPeriod();
+      // if ( isUPeriodic )
+      //   surface->UPeriod();
       isVPeriodic = surface->IsVPeriodic();
-      if ( isVPeriodic )
-        surface->VPeriod();
+      // if ( isVPeriodic )
+      //   surface->VPeriod();
       surface->Bounds( u1, u2, v1, v2 );
       helper.SetSubShape( face );
     }
@@ -4079,9 +3757,9 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::Smooth (TIDSortedElemSet &          theElems,
         {
           // check if all faces around the node are on faceSubMesh
           // because a node on edge may be bound to face
-          SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr eIt = node->GetInverseElementIterator(SMDSAbs_Face);
           bool all = true;
           if ( faceSubMesh ) {
+            SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr eIt = node->GetInverseElementIterator(SMDSAbs_Face);
             while ( eIt->more() && all ) {
               const SMDS_MeshElement* e = eIt->next();
               all = faceSubMesh->Contains( e );
@@ -4162,7 +3840,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::Smooth (TIDSortedElemSet &          theElems,
             // if ( posType != SMDS_TOP_3DSPACE )
             //   dist2 = pNode.SquareDistance( surface->Value( newUV.X(), newUV.Y() ));
             // if ( dist2 < dist1 )
-              uv = newUV;
+            uv = newUV;
           }
         }
         // store UV in the map
@@ -4494,7 +4172,6 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::sweepElement(const SMDS_MeshElement*               elem,
                                     const size_t                          nbSteps,
                                     SMESH_SequenceOfElemPtr&              srcElements)
 {
-  //MESSAGE("sweepElement " << nbSteps);
   SMESHDS_Mesh* aMesh = GetMeshDS();
 
   const int           nbNodes = elem->NbNodes();
@@ -4683,55 +4360,55 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::sweepElement(const SMDS_MeshElement*               elem,
         break;
       }
       case SMDSEntity_Triangle: // TRIANGLE --->
-        {
-          if ( nbDouble > 0 ) break;
-          if ( nbSame == 0 )       // ---> pentahedron
-            aNewElem = aMesh->AddVolume (prevNod[ 0 ], prevNod[ 1 ], prevNod[ 2 ],
-                                         nextNod[ 0 ], nextNod[ 1 ], nextNod[ 2 ] );
-
-          else if ( nbSame == 1 )  // ---> pyramid
-            aNewElem = aMesh->AddVolume (prevNod[ iBeforeSame ], prevNod[ iAfterSame ],
-                                         nextNod[ iAfterSame ],  nextNod[ iBeforeSame ],
-                                         nextNod[ iSameNode ]);
-
-          else // 2 same nodes:       ---> tetrahedron
-            aNewElem = aMesh->AddVolume (prevNod[ 0 ], prevNod[ 1 ], prevNod[ 2 ],
-                                         nextNod[ iNotSameNode ]);
-          break;
-        }
+      {
+        if ( nbDouble > 0 ) break;
+        if ( nbSame == 0 )       // ---> pentahedron
+          aNewElem = aMesh->AddVolume (prevNod[ 0 ], prevNod[ 1 ], prevNod[ 2 ],
+                                       nextNod[ 0 ], nextNod[ 1 ], nextNod[ 2 ] );
+
+        else if ( nbSame == 1 )  // ---> pyramid
+          aNewElem = aMesh->AddVolume (prevNod[ iBeforeSame ], prevNod[ iAfterSame ],
+                                       nextNod[ iAfterSame ],  nextNod[ iBeforeSame ],
+                                       nextNod[ iSameNode ]);
+
+        else // 2 same nodes:       ---> tetrahedron
+          aNewElem = aMesh->AddVolume (prevNod[ 0 ], prevNod[ 1 ], prevNod[ 2 ],
+                                       nextNod[ iNotSameNode ]);
+        break;
+      }
       case SMDSEntity_Quad_Edge: // sweep quadratic EDGE --->
+      {
+        if ( nbSame == 2 )
+          return;
+        if ( nbDouble+nbSame == 2 )
         {
-          if ( nbSame == 2 )
-            return;
-          if ( nbDouble+nbSame == 2 )
-          {
-            if(nbSame==0) {      // ---> quadratic quadrangle
-              aNewElem = aMesh->AddFace(prevNod[0], prevNod[1], nextNod[1], nextNod[0],
-                                        prevNod[2], midlNod[1], nextNod[2], midlNod[0]);
-            }
-            else { //(nbSame==1) // ---> quadratic triangle
-              if(sames[0]==2) {
-                return; // medium node on axis
-              }
-              else if(sames[0]==0)
-                aNewElem = aMesh->AddFace(prevNod[0], prevNod[1], nextNod[1],
-                                          prevNod[2], midlNod[1], nextNod[2] );
-              else // sames[0]==1
-                aNewElem = aMesh->AddFace(prevNod[0], prevNod[1], nextNod[0],
-                                          prevNod[2], nextNod[2], midlNod[0]);
-            }
+          if(nbSame==0) {      // ---> quadratic quadrangle
+            aNewElem = aMesh->AddFace(prevNod[0], prevNod[1], nextNod[1], nextNod[0],
+                                      prevNod[2], midlNod[1], nextNod[2], midlNod[0]);
           }
-          else if ( nbDouble == 3 )
-          {
-            if ( nbSame == 0 ) {  // ---> bi-quadratic quadrangle
-              aNewElem = aMesh->AddFace(prevNod[0], prevNod[1], nextNod[1], nextNod[0],
-                                        prevNod[2], midlNod[1], nextNod[2], midlNod[0], midlNod[2]);
+          else { //(nbSame==1) // ---> quadratic triangle
+            if(sames[0]==2) {
+              return; // medium node on axis
             }
+            else if(sames[0]==0)
+              aNewElem = aMesh->AddFace(prevNod[0], prevNod[1], nextNod[1],
+                                        prevNod[2], midlNod[1], nextNod[2] );
+            else // sames[0]==1
+              aNewElem = aMesh->AddFace(prevNod[0], prevNod[1], nextNod[0],
+                                        prevNod[2], nextNod[2], midlNod[0]);
           }
-          else
-            return;
-          break;
         }
+        else if ( nbDouble == 3 )
+        {
+          if ( nbSame == 0 ) {  // ---> bi-quadratic quadrangle
+            aNewElem = aMesh->AddFace(prevNod[0], prevNod[1], nextNod[1], nextNod[0],
+                                      prevNod[2], midlNod[1], nextNod[2], midlNod[0], midlNod[2]);
+          }
+        }
+        else
+          return;
+        break;
+      }
       case SMDSEntity_Quadrangle: { // sweep QUADRANGLE --->
         if ( nbDouble > 0 ) break;
 
@@ -4953,8 +4630,8 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::sweepElement(const SMDS_MeshElement*               elem,
 
     if ( aNewElem ) {
       newElems.push_back( aNewElem );
-      myLastCreatedElems.Append(aNewElem);
-      srcElements.Append( elem );
+      myLastCreatedElems.push_back(aNewElem);
+      srcElements.push_back( elem );
     }
 
     // set new prev nodes
@@ -5044,19 +4721,19 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::makeWalls (TNodeOfNodeListMap &     mapNewNodes,
       if ( !isQuadratic ) {
         if ( !aMesh->FindEdge( vecNewNodes[ 0 ]->second.back(),
                                vecNewNodes[ 1 ]->second.back())) {
-          myLastCreatedElems.Append(aMesh->AddEdge(vecNewNodes[ 0 ]->second.back(),
-                                                   vecNewNodes[ 1 ]->second.back()));
-          srcElements.Append( elem );
+          myLastCreatedElems.push_back(aMesh->AddEdge(vecNewNodes[ 0 ]->second.back(),
+                                                      vecNewNodes[ 1 ]->second.back()));
+          srcElements.push_back( elem );
         }
       }
       else {
         if ( !aMesh->FindEdge( vecNewNodes[ 0 ]->second.back(),
                                vecNewNodes[ 1 ]->second.back(),
                                vecNewNodes[ 2 ]->second.back())) {
-          myLastCreatedElems.Append(aMesh->AddEdge(vecNewNodes[ 0 ]->second.back(),
-                                                   vecNewNodes[ 1 ]->second.back(),
-                                                   vecNewNodes[ 2 ]->second.back()));
-          srcElements.Append( elem );
+          myLastCreatedElems.push_back(aMesh->AddEdge(vecNewNodes[ 0 ]->second.back(),
+                                                      vecNewNodes[ 1 ]->second.back(),
+                                                      vecNewNodes[ 2 ]->second.back()));
+          srcElements.push_back( elem );
         }
       }
     }
@@ -5084,14 +4761,14 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::makeWalls (TNodeOfNodeListMap &     mapNewNodes,
           // make a new edge and a ceiling for a new edge
           const SMDS_MeshElement* edge;
           if ( ! ( edge = aMesh->FindEdge( n1, n2 ))) {
-            myLastCreatedElems.Append( edge = aMesh->AddEdge( n1, n2 )); // free link edge
-            srcElements.Append( myLastCreatedElems.Last() );
+            myLastCreatedElems.push_back( edge = aMesh->AddEdge( n1, n2 )); // free link edge
+            srcElements.push_back( myLastCreatedElems.back() );
           }
           n1 = vecNewNodes[ iNode ]->second.back();
           n2 = vecNewNodes[ iNext ]->second.back();
           if ( !aMesh->FindEdge( n1, n2 )) {
-            myLastCreatedElems.Append(aMesh->AddEdge( n1, n2 )); // new edge ceiling
-            srcElements.Append( edge );
+            myLastCreatedElems.push_back(aMesh->AddEdge( n1, n2 )); // new edge ceiling
+            srcElements.push_back( edge );
           }
         }
       }
@@ -5112,15 +4789,15 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::makeWalls (TNodeOfNodeListMap &     mapNewNodes,
           // make an edge and a ceiling for a new edge
           // find medium node
           if ( !aMesh->FindEdge( n1, n2, n3 )) {
-            myLastCreatedElems.Append(aMesh->AddEdge( n1, n2, n3 )); // free link edge
-            srcElements.Append( elem );
+            myLastCreatedElems.push_back(aMesh->AddEdge( n1, n2, n3 )); // free link edge
+            srcElements.push_back( elem );
           }
           n1 = vecNewNodes[ iNode ]->second.back();
           n2 = vecNewNodes[ iNext ]->second.back();
           n3 = vecNewNodes[ iNode+nbn ]->second.back();
           if ( !aMesh->FindEdge( n1, n2, n3 )) {
-            myLastCreatedElems.Append(aMesh->AddEdge( n1, n2, n3 )); // ceiling edge
-            srcElements.Append( elem );
+            myLastCreatedElems.push_back(aMesh->AddEdge( n1, n2, n3 )); // ceiling edge
+            srcElements.push_back( elem );
           }
         }
       }
@@ -5213,8 +4890,8 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::makeWalls (TNodeOfNodeListMap &     mapNewNodes,
                 if ( f )
                   aMesh->ChangeElementNodes( f, &newOrder[0], nbn );
                 else
-                  myLastCreatedElems.Append(aMesh->AddFace( newOrder[ 0 ], newOrder[ 1 ],
-                                                            newOrder[ 2 ] ));
+                  myLastCreatedElems.push_back(aMesh->AddFace( newOrder[ 0 ], newOrder[ 1 ],
+                                                               newOrder[ 2 ] ));
               }
             }
             else if ( nbn == 4 )       ///// quadrangle
@@ -5228,8 +4905,8 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::makeWalls (TNodeOfNodeListMap &     mapNewNodes,
                 if ( f )
                   aMesh->ChangeElementNodes( f, &newOrder[0], nbn );
                 else
-                  myLastCreatedElems.Append(aMesh->AddFace( newOrder[ 0 ], newOrder[ 1 ],
-                                                            newOrder[ 2 ], newOrder[ 3 ]));
+                  myLastCreatedElems.push_back(aMesh->AddFace( newOrder[ 0 ], newOrder[ 1 ],
+                                                               newOrder[ 2 ], newOrder[ 3 ]));
               }
             }
             else if ( nbn == 6 && isQuadratic ) /////// quadratic triangle
@@ -5247,12 +4924,12 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::makeWalls (TNodeOfNodeListMap &     mapNewNodes,
                 if ( f )
                   aMesh->ChangeElementNodes( f, &newOrder[0], nbn );
                 else
-                  myLastCreatedElems.Append(aMesh->AddFace( newOrder[ 0 ],
-                                                            newOrder[ 1 ],
-                                                            newOrder[ 2 ],
-                                                            newOrder[ 3 ],
-                                                            newOrder[ 4 ],
-                                                            newOrder[ 5 ] ));
+                  myLastCreatedElems.push_back(aMesh->AddFace( newOrder[ 0 ],
+                                                               newOrder[ 1 ],
+                                                               newOrder[ 2 ],
+                                                               newOrder[ 3 ],
+                                                               newOrder[ 4 ],
+                                                               newOrder[ 5 ] ));
               }
             }
             else if ( nbn == 8 && isQuadratic ) /////// quadratic quadrangle
@@ -5273,10 +4950,10 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::makeWalls (TNodeOfNodeListMap &     mapNewNodes,
                 if ( f )
                   aMesh->ChangeElementNodes( f, &newOrder[0], nbn );
                 else
-                  myLastCreatedElems.Append(aMesh->AddFace(newOrder[ 0 ], newOrder[ 1 ],
-                                                           newOrder[ 2 ], newOrder[ 3 ],
-                                                           newOrder[ 4 ], newOrder[ 5 ],
-                                                           newOrder[ 6 ], newOrder[ 7 ]));
+                  myLastCreatedElems.push_back(aMesh->AddFace(newOrder[ 0 ], newOrder[ 1 ],
+                                                              newOrder[ 2 ], newOrder[ 3 ],
+                                                              newOrder[ 4 ], newOrder[ 5 ],
+                                                              newOrder[ 6 ], newOrder[ 7 ]));
               }
             }
             else if ( nbn == 9 && isQuadratic ) /////// bi-quadratic quadrangle
@@ -5298,11 +4975,11 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::makeWalls (TNodeOfNodeListMap &     mapNewNodes,
                 if ( f )
                   aMesh->ChangeElementNodes( f, &newOrder[0], nbn );
                 else
-                  myLastCreatedElems.Append(aMesh->AddFace(newOrder[ 0 ], newOrder[ 1 ],
-                                                           newOrder[ 2 ], newOrder[ 3 ],
-                                                           newOrder[ 4 ], newOrder[ 5 ],
-                                                           newOrder[ 6 ], newOrder[ 7 ],
-                                                           newOrder[ 8 ]));
+                  myLastCreatedElems.push_back(aMesh->AddFace(newOrder[ 0 ], newOrder[ 1 ],
+                                                              newOrder[ 2 ], newOrder[ 3 ],
+                                                              newOrder[ 4 ], newOrder[ 5 ],
+                                                              newOrder[ 6 ], newOrder[ 7 ],
+                                                              newOrder[ 8 ]));
               }
             }
             else  //////// polygon
@@ -5321,8 +4998,8 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::makeWalls (TNodeOfNodeListMap &     mapNewNodes,
               }
             }
 
-            while ( srcElements.Length() < myLastCreatedElems.Length() )
-              srcElements.Append( *srcEdge );
+            while ( srcElements.size() < myLastCreatedElems.size() )
+              srcElements.push_back( *srcEdge );
 
           }  // loop on free faces
 
@@ -5359,8 +5036,8 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::makeWalls (TNodeOfNodeListMap &     mapNewNodes,
 
         AddElement( nodeVec, anyFace.Init( elem ));
 
-        while ( srcElements.Length() < myLastCreatedElems.Length() )
-          srcElements.Append( elem );
+        while ( srcElements.size() < myLastCreatedElems.size() )
+          srcElements.push_back( elem );
       }
     }
   } // loop on swept elements
@@ -5380,13 +5057,17 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::RotationSweep(TIDSortedElemSet   theElemSets[2],
                                 const bool         theMakeGroups,
                                 const bool         theMakeWalls)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
+
+  setElemsFirst( theElemSets );
+  myLastCreatedElems.reserve( theElemSets[0].size() * theNbSteps );
+  myLastCreatedNodes.reserve( theElemSets[1].size() * theNbSteps );
 
   // source elements for each generated one
   SMESH_SequenceOfElemPtr srcElems, srcNodes;
+  srcElems.reserve( theElemSets[0].size() );
+  srcNodes.reserve( theElemSets[1].size() );
 
-  MESSAGE( "RotationSweep()");
   gp_Trsf aTrsf;
   aTrsf.SetRotation( theAxis, theAngle );
   gp_Trsf aTrsf2;
@@ -5405,7 +5086,6 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::RotationSweep(TIDSortedElemSet   theElemSets[2],
                                      myMesh->NbFaces(ORDER_QUADRATIC) +
                                      myMesh->NbVolumes(ORDER_QUADRATIC) );
   // loop on theElemSets
-  setElemsFirst( theElemSets );
   TIDSortedElemSet::iterator itElem;
   for ( int is2ndSet = 0; is2ndSet < 2; ++is2ndSet )
   {
@@ -5457,8 +5137,8 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::RotationSweep(TIDSortedElemSet   theElemSets[2],
               {
                 aTrsf2.Transforms( coord[0], coord[1], coord[2] );
                 newNode = aMesh->AddNode( coord[0], coord[1], coord[2] );
-                myLastCreatedNodes.Append(newNode);
-                srcNodes.Append( node );
+                myLastCreatedNodes.push_back(newNode);
+                srcNodes.push_back( node );
                 listNewNodes.push_back( newNode );
                 aTrsf2.Transforms( coord[0], coord[1], coord[2] );
               }
@@ -5467,8 +5147,8 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::RotationSweep(TIDSortedElemSet   theElemSets[2],
               }
               // create a corner node
               newNode = aMesh->AddNode( coord[0], coord[1], coord[2] );
-              myLastCreatedNodes.Append(newNode);
-              srcNodes.Append( node );
+              myLastCreatedNodes.push_back(newNode);
+              srcNodes.push_back( node );
               listNewNodes.push_back( newNode );
             }
             else {
@@ -5500,11 +5180,14 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::RotationSweep(TIDSortedElemSet   theElemSets[2],
 //purpose  : standard construction
 //=======================================================================
 
-SMESH_MeshEditor::ExtrusParam::ExtrusParam( const gp_Vec&  theStep,
-                                            const int      theNbSteps,
-                                            const int      theFlags,
-                                            const double   theTolerance):
+SMESH_MeshEditor::ExtrusParam::ExtrusParam( const gp_Vec&            theStep,
+                                            const int                theNbSteps,
+                                            const std::list<double>& theScales,
+                                            const gp_XYZ*            theBasePoint,
+                                            const int                theFlags,
+                                            const double             theTolerance):
   myDir( theStep ),
+  myBaseP( Precision::Infinite(), 0, 0 ),
   myFlags( theFlags ),
   myTolerance( theTolerance ),
   myElemsToUse( NULL )
@@ -5514,6 +5197,37 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::ExtrusParam::ExtrusParam( const gp_Vec&  theStep,
   for (int i=1; i<=theNbSteps; i++ )
     mySteps->Append( stepSize );
 
+  int nbScales = theScales.size();
+  if ( nbScales > 0 )
+  {
+    if ( IsLinearVariation() && nbScales < theNbSteps )
+    {
+      myScales.reserve( theNbSteps );
+      std::list<double>::const_iterator scale = theScales.begin();
+      double prevScale = 1.0;
+      for ( int iSc = 1; scale != theScales.end(); ++scale, ++iSc )
+      {
+        int      iStep = int( iSc / double( nbScales ) * theNbSteps + 0.5 );
+        int    stDelta = Max( 1, iStep - myScales.size());
+        double scDelta = ( *scale - prevScale ) / stDelta;
+        for ( int iStep = 0; iStep < stDelta; ++iStep )
+        {
+          myScales.push_back( prevScale + scDelta );
+          prevScale = myScales.back();
+        }
+        prevScale = *scale;
+      }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      myScales.assign( theScales.begin(), theScales.end() );
+    }
+  }
+  if ( theBasePoint )
+  {
+    myBaseP = *theBasePoint;
+  }
+
   if (( theFlags & EXTRUSION_FLAG_SEW ) &&
       ( theTolerance > 0 ))
   {
@@ -5582,12 +5296,38 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::ExtrusParam::ExtrusParam( const double theStepSize,
 //=======================================================================
 //function : ExtrusParam::SetElementsToUse
 //purpose  : stores elements to use for extrusion by normal, depending on
-//           state of EXTRUSION_FLAG_USE_INPUT_ELEMS_ONLY flag
+//           state of EXTRUSION_FLAG_USE_INPUT_ELEMS_ONLY flag;
+//           define myBaseP for scaling
 //=======================================================================
 
-void SMESH_MeshEditor::ExtrusParam::SetElementsToUse( const TIDSortedElemSet& elems )
+void SMESH_MeshEditor::ExtrusParam::SetElementsToUse( const TIDSortedElemSet& elems,
+                                                      const TIDSortedElemSet& nodes )
 {
   myElemsToUse = ToUseInpElemsOnly() ? & elems : 0;
+
+  if ( Precision::IsInfinite( myBaseP.X() )) // myBaseP not defined
+  {
+    myBaseP.SetCoord( 0.,0.,0. );
+    TIDSortedElemSet newNodes;
+
+    const TIDSortedElemSet* elemSets[] = { &elems, &nodes };
+    for ( int is2ndSet = 0; is2ndSet < 2; ++is2ndSet )
+    {
+      const TIDSortedElemSet& elements = *( elemSets[ is2ndSet ]);
+      TIDSortedElemSet::const_iterator itElem = elements.begin();
+      for ( ; itElem != elements.end(); itElem++ )
+      {
+        const SMDS_MeshElement* elem = *itElem;
+        SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr     itN = elem->nodesIterator();
+        while ( itN->more() ) {
+          const SMDS_MeshElement* node = itN->next();
+          if ( newNodes.insert( node ).second )
+            myBaseP += SMESH_TNodeXYZ( node );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    myBaseP /= newNodes.size();
+  }
 }
 
 //=======================================================================
@@ -5657,6 +5397,41 @@ makeNodesByDir( SMESHDS_Mesh*                     mesh,
     const SMDS_MeshNode * newNode = mesh->AddNode( p.X(), p.Y(), p.Z() );
     newNodes.push_back( newNode );
   }
+
+  if ( !myScales.empty() )
+  {
+    if ( makeMediumNodes && myMediumScales.empty() )
+    {
+      myMediumScales.resize( myScales.size() );
+      double prevFactor = 1.;
+      for ( size_t i = 0; i < myScales.size(); ++i )
+      {
+        myMediumScales[i] = 0.5 * ( prevFactor + myScales[i] );
+        prevFactor = myScales[i];
+      }
+    }
+    typedef std::vector<double>::iterator ScaleIt;
+    ScaleIt scales[] = { myScales.begin(), myMediumScales.begin() };
+
+    size_t iSc = 0, nbScales = myScales.size() + myMediumScales.size();
+
+    gp_XYZ center = myBaseP;
+    std::list<const SMDS_MeshNode*>::iterator nIt = newNodes.begin();
+    size_t iN  = 0;
+    for ( beginStepIter( makeMediumNodes ); moreSteps() && ( iN < nbScales ); ++nIt, ++iN )
+    {
+      center += myDir.XYZ() * nextStep();
+
+      iSc += int( makeMediumNodes );
+      ScaleIt& scale = scales[ iSc % 2 ];
+      
+      gp_XYZ xyz = SMESH_TNodeXYZ( *nIt );
+      xyz = ( *scale * ( xyz - center )) + center;
+      mesh->MoveNode( *nIt, xyz.X(), xyz.Y(), xyz.Z() );
+
+      ++scale;
+    }
+  }
   return nbNodes;
 }
 
@@ -5679,12 +5454,12 @@ makeNodesByDirAndSew( SMESHDS_Mesh*                     mesh,
     P1 += myDir.XYZ() * nextStep();
 
     // try to search in sequence of existing nodes
-    // if myNodes.Length()>0 we 'nave to use given sequence
+    // if myNodes.size()>0 we 'nave to use given sequence
     // else - use all nodes of mesh
     const SMDS_MeshNode * node = 0;
     if ( myNodes.Length() > 0 ) {
       int i;
-      for(i=1; i<=myNodes.Length(); i++) {
+      for ( i = 1; i <= myNodes.Length(); i++ ) {
         gp_XYZ P2 = SMESH_TNodeXYZ( myNodes.Value(i) );
         if (( P1 - P2 ).SquareModulus() < myTolerance * myTolerance )
         {
@@ -5831,7 +5606,7 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::ExtrusionSweep (TIDSortedElemSet     theElems[2],
                                   const int            theFlags,
                                   const double         theTolerance)
 {
-  ExtrusParam aParams( theStep, theNbSteps, theFlags, theTolerance );
+  ExtrusParam aParams( theStep, theNbSteps, std::list<double>(), 0, theFlags, theTolerance );
   return ExtrusionSweep( theElems, aParams, newElemsMap );
 }
 
@@ -5846,22 +5621,22 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::ExtrusionSweep (TIDSortedElemSet     theElemSets[2],
                                   ExtrusParam&         theParams,
                                   TTElemOfElemListMap& newElemsMap)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
+
+  setElemsFirst( theElemSets );
+  myLastCreatedElems.reserve( theElemSets[0].size() * theParams.NbSteps() );
+  myLastCreatedNodes.reserve( theElemSets[1].size() * theParams.NbSteps() );
 
   // source elements for each generated one
   SMESH_SequenceOfElemPtr srcElems, srcNodes;
+  srcElems.reserve( theElemSets[0].size() );
+  srcNodes.reserve( theElemSets[1].size() );
 
-  //SMESHDS_Mesh* aMesh = GetMeshDS();
-
-  setElemsFirst( theElemSets );
   const int nbSteps = theParams.NbSteps();
-  theParams.SetElementsToUse( theElemSets[0] );
+  theParams.SetElementsToUse( theElemSets[0], theElemSets[1] );
 
-  TNodeOfNodeListMap mapNewNodes;
-  //TNodeOfNodeVecMap mapNewNodes;
+  TNodeOfNodeListMap   mapNewNodes;
   TElemOfVecOfNnlmiMap mapElemNewNodes;
-  //TElemOfVecOfMapNodesMap mapElemNewNodes;
 
   const bool isQuadraticMesh = bool( myMesh->NbEdges(ORDER_QUADRATIC) +
                                      myMesh->NbFaces(ORDER_QUADRATIC) +
@@ -5915,8 +5690,8 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::ExtrusionSweep (TIDSortedElemSet     theElemSets[2],
             list<const SMDS_MeshNode*>::iterator newNodesIt = listNewNodes.begin();
             for ( ; newNodesIt != listNewNodes.end(); ++newNodesIt )
             {
-              myLastCreatedNodes.Append( *newNodesIt );
-              srcNodes.Append( node );
+              myLastCreatedNodes.push_back( *newNodesIt );
+              srcNodes.push_back( node );
             }
           }
           else
@@ -5957,9 +5732,7 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::ExtrusionAlongTrack (TIDSortedElemSet     theElements[2],
                                        const gp_Pnt&        theRefPoint,
                                        const bool           theMakeGroups)
 {
-  MESSAGE("ExtrusionAlongTrack");
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   int aNbE;
   std::list<double> aPrms;
@@ -6133,8 +5906,7 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::ExtrusionAlongTrack (TIDSortedElemSet     theElements[2],
                                        const gp_Pnt&        theRefPoint,
                                        const bool           theMakeGroups)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   int aNbE;
   std::list<double> aPrms;
@@ -6613,13 +6385,13 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::MakeExtrElements(TIDSortedElemSet                  theElemSets
               // create additional node
               gp_XYZ midP = 0.5 * ( aPN1.XYZ() + aPN0.XYZ() );
               const SMDS_MeshNode* newNode = aMesh->AddNode( midP.X(), midP.Y(), midP.Z() );
-              myLastCreatedNodes.Append(newNode);
-              srcNodes.Append( node );
+              myLastCreatedNodes.push_back(newNode);
+              srcNodes.push_back( node );
               listNewNodes.push_back( newNode );
             }
             const SMDS_MeshNode* newNode = aMesh->AddNode( aPN1.X(), aPN1.Y(), aPN1.Z() );
-            myLastCreatedNodes.Append(newNode);
-            srcNodes.Append( node );
+            myLastCreatedNodes.push_back(newNode);
+            srcNodes.push_back( node );
             listNewNodes.push_back( newNode );
 
             aPN0 = aPN1;
@@ -6645,8 +6417,8 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::MakeExtrElements(TIDSortedElemSet                  theElemSets
               double y = ( N->Y() + P.Y() )/2.;
               double z = ( N->Z() + P.Z() )/2.;
               const SMDS_MeshNode* newN = aMesh->AddNode(x,y,z);
-              srcNodes.Append( node );
-              myLastCreatedNodes.Append(newN);
+              srcNodes.push_back( node );
+              myLastCreatedNodes.push_back(newN);
               aNodes[2*i] = newN;
               aNodes[2*i+1] = N;
               P = gp_XYZ(N->X(),N->Y(),N->Z());
@@ -6677,24 +6449,23 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::MakeExtrElements(TIDSortedElemSet                  theElemSets
 
 //=======================================================================
 //function : LinearAngleVariation
-//purpose  : auxilary for ExtrusionAlongTrack
+//purpose  : spread values over nbSteps
 //=======================================================================
-void SMESH_MeshEditor::LinearAngleVariation(const int nbSteps,
+
+void SMESH_MeshEditor::LinearAngleVariation(const int     nbSteps,
                                             list<double>& Angles)
 {
   int nbAngles = Angles.size();
-  if( nbSteps > nbAngles ) {
+  if( nbSteps > nbAngles && nbAngles > 0 )
+  {
     vector<double> theAngles(nbAngles);
-    list<double>::iterator it = Angles.begin();
-    int i = -1;
-    for(; it!=Angles.end(); it++) {
-      i++;
-      theAngles[i] = (*it);
-    }
+    theAngles.assign( Angles.begin(), Angles.end() );
+
     list<double> res;
     double rAn2St = double( nbAngles ) / double( nbSteps );
     double angPrev = 0, angle;
-    for ( int iSt = 0; iSt < nbSteps; ++iSt ) {
+    for ( int iSt = 0; iSt < nbSteps; ++iSt )
+    {
       double angCur = rAn2St * ( iSt+1 );
       double angCurFloor  = floor( angCur );
       double angPrevFloor = floor( angPrev );
@@ -6716,10 +6487,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::LinearAngleVariation(const int nbSteps,
       res.push_back(angle);
       angPrev = angCur;
     }
-    Angles.clear();
-    it = res.begin();
-    for(; it!=res.end(); it++)
-      Angles.push_back( *it );
+    Angles.swap( res );
   }
 }
 
@@ -6743,44 +6511,36 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::Transform (TIDSortedElemSet & theElems,
                              const bool         theMakeGroups,
                              SMESH_Mesh*        theTargetMesh)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
+  myLastCreatedElems.reserve( theElems.size() );
 
   bool needReverse = false;
   string groupPostfix;
   switch ( theTrsf.Form() ) {
   case gp_PntMirror:
-    MESSAGE("gp_PntMirror");
     needReverse = true;
     groupPostfix = "mirrored";
     break;
   case gp_Ax1Mirror:
-    MESSAGE("gp_Ax1Mirror");
     groupPostfix = "mirrored";
     break;
   case gp_Ax2Mirror:
-    MESSAGE("gp_Ax2Mirror");
     needReverse = true;
     groupPostfix = "mirrored";
     break;
   case gp_Rotation:
-    MESSAGE("gp_Rotation");
     groupPostfix = "rotated";
     break;
   case gp_Translation:
-    MESSAGE("gp_Translation");
     groupPostfix = "translated";
     break;
   case gp_Scale:
-    MESSAGE("gp_Scale");
     groupPostfix = "scaled";
     break;
   case gp_CompoundTrsf: // different scale by axis
-    MESSAGE("gp_CompoundTrsf");
     groupPostfix = "scaled";
     break;
   default:
-    MESSAGE("default");
     needReverse = false;
     groupPostfix = "transformed";
   }
@@ -6847,14 +6607,14 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::Transform (TIDSortedElemSet & theElems,
         if ( theTargetMesh ) {
           const SMDS_MeshNode * newNode = aTgtMesh->AddNode( coord[0], coord[1], coord[2] );
           n2n_isnew.first->second = newNode;
-          myLastCreatedNodes.Append(newNode);
-          srcNodes.Append( node );
+          myLastCreatedNodes.push_back(newNode);
+          srcNodes.push_back( node );
         }
         else if ( theCopy ) {
           const SMDS_MeshNode * newNode = aMesh->AddNode( coord[0], coord[1], coord[2] );
           n2n_isnew.first->second = newNode;
-          myLastCreatedNodes.Append(newNode);
-          srcNodes.Append( node );
+          myLastCreatedNodes.push_back(newNode);
+          srcNodes.push_back( node );
         }
         else {
           aMesh->MoveNode( node, coord[0], coord[1], coord[2] );
@@ -6944,7 +6704,7 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::Transform (TIDSortedElemSet & theElems,
     if ( editor ) {
       // copy in this or a new mesh
       if ( editor->AddElement( nodes, elemType.Init( elem, /*basicOnly=*/false )))
-        srcElems.Append( elem );
+        srcElems.push_back( elem );
     }
     else {
       // reverse element as it was reversed by transformation
@@ -6955,7 +6715,7 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::Transform (TIDSortedElemSet & theElems,
   } // loop on elements
 
   if ( editor && editor != this )
-    myLastCreatedElems = editor->myLastCreatedElems;
+    myLastCreatedElems.swap( editor->myLastCreatedElems );
 
   PGroupIDs newGroupIDs;
 
@@ -6966,14 +6726,97 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::Transform (TIDSortedElemSet & theElems,
   return newGroupIDs;
 }
 
+//================================================================================
+/*!
+ * \brief Make an offset mesh from a source 2D mesh
+ *  \param [in] theElements - source faces
+ *  \param [in] theValue - offset value
+ *  \param [out] theTgtMesh - a mesh to add offset elements to
+ *  \param [in] theMakeGroups - to generate groups
+ *  \return PGroupIDs - IDs of created groups
+ */
+//================================================================================
+
+SMESH_MeshEditor::PGroupIDs SMESH_MeshEditor::Offset( TIDSortedElemSet & theElements,
+                                                      const double       theValue,
+                                                      SMESH_Mesh*        theTgtMesh,
+                                                      const bool         theMakeGroups,
+                                                      const bool         theFixSelfIntersection)
+{
+  SMESHDS_Mesh*    meshDS = GetMeshDS();
+  SMESHDS_Mesh* tgtMeshDS = theTgtMesh->GetMeshDS();
+  SMESH_MeshEditor tgtEditor( theTgtMesh );
+
+  SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr eIt;
+  if ( theElements.empty() ) eIt = meshDS->elementsIterator( SMDSAbs_Face );
+  else                       eIt = SMESHUtils::elemSetIterator( theElements );
+
+  SMESH_MeshAlgos::TEPairVec new2OldFaces;
+  SMESH_MeshAlgos::TNPairVec new2OldNodes;
+  std::unique_ptr< SMDS_Mesh > offsetMesh
+    ( SMESH_MeshAlgos::MakeOffset( eIt, *meshDS, theValue,
+                                   theFixSelfIntersection,
+                                   new2OldFaces, new2OldNodes ));
+
+  offsetMesh->Modified();
+  offsetMesh->CompactMesh(); // make IDs start from 1
+
+  // source elements for each generated one
+  SMESH_SequenceOfElemPtr srcElems, srcNodes;
+  srcElems.reserve( new2OldFaces.size() );
+  srcNodes.reserve( new2OldNodes.size() );
+
+  ClearLastCreated();
+  myLastCreatedElems.reserve( new2OldFaces.size() );
+  myLastCreatedNodes.reserve( new2OldNodes.size() );
+
+  // copy offsetMesh to theTgtMesh
+
+  int idShift = meshDS->MaxNodeID();
+  for ( size_t i = 0; i < new2OldNodes.size(); ++i )
+    if ( const SMDS_MeshNode* n = new2OldNodes[ i ].first )
+    {
+      if ( n->NbInverseElements() > 0 )
+      {
+        const SMDS_MeshNode* n2 =
+          tgtMeshDS->AddNodeWithID( n->X(), n->Y(), n->Z(), idShift + n->GetID() );
+        myLastCreatedNodes.push_back( n2 );
+        srcNodes.push_back( new2OldNodes[ i ].second );
+      }
+    }
+
+  ElemFeatures elemType;
+  for ( size_t i = 0; i < new2OldFaces.size(); ++i )
+    if ( const SMDS_MeshElement* f = new2OldFaces[ i ].first )
+    {
+      elemType.Init( f );
+      elemType.myNodes.clear();
+      for ( SMDS_NodeIteratorPtr nIt = f->nodeIterator(); nIt->more(); )
+      {
+        const SMDS_MeshNode* n2 = nIt->next();
+        elemType.myNodes.push_back( tgtMeshDS->FindNode( idShift + n2->GetID() ));
+      }
+      tgtEditor.AddElement( elemType.myNodes, elemType );
+      srcElems.push_back( new2OldFaces[ i ].second );
+    }
+
+  myLastCreatedElems.swap( tgtEditor.myLastCreatedElems );
+
+  PGroupIDs newGroupIDs;
+  if ( theMakeGroups )
+    newGroupIDs = generateGroups( srcNodes, srcElems, "offset", theTgtMesh, false );
+
+  return newGroupIDs;
+}
+
 //=======================================================================
 /*!
  * \brief Create groups of elements made during transformation
  *  \param nodeGens - nodes making corresponding myLastCreatedNodes
  *  \param elemGens - elements making corresponding myLastCreatedElems
- *  \param postfix - to append to names of new groups
+ *  \param postfix - to push_back to names of new groups
  *  \param targetMesh - mesh to create groups in
- *  \param topPresent - is there "top" elements that are created by sweeping
+ *  \param topPresent - is there are "top" elements that are created by sweeping
  */
 //=======================================================================
 
@@ -7026,30 +6869,30 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::generateGroups(const SMESH_SequenceOfElemPtr& nodeGens,
   {
     const SMESH_SequenceOfElemPtr& gens  = isNodes ? nodeGens : elemGens;
     const SMESH_SequenceOfElemPtr& elems = isNodes ? myLastCreatedNodes : myLastCreatedElems;
-    if ( gens.Length() != elems.Length() )
+    if ( gens.size() != elems.size() )
       throw SALOME_Exception("SMESH_MeshEditor::generateGroups(): invalid args");
 
     // loop on created elements
-    for (int iElem = 1; iElem <= elems.Length(); ++iElem )
+    for (size_t iElem = 0; iElem < elems.size(); ++iElem )
     {
-      const SMDS_MeshElement* sourceElem = gens( iElem );
+      const SMDS_MeshElement* sourceElem = gens[ iElem ];
       if ( !sourceElem ) {
         MESSAGE("generateGroups(): NULL source element");
         continue;
       }
       list< TOldNewGroup > & groupsOldNew = groupsByType[ sourceElem->GetType() ];
       if ( groupsOldNew.empty() ) { // no groups of this type at all
-        while ( iElem < gens.Length() && gens( iElem+1 ) == sourceElem )
+        while ( iElem+1 < gens.size() && gens[ iElem+1 ] == sourceElem )
           ++iElem; // skip all elements made by sourceElem
         continue;
       }
       // collect all elements made by the iElem-th sourceElem
       resultElems.clear();
-      if ( const SMDS_MeshElement* resElem = elems( iElem ))
+      if ( const SMDS_MeshElement* resElem = elems[ iElem ])
         if ( resElem != sourceElem )
           resultElems.push_back( resElem );
-      while ( iElem < gens.Length() && gens( iElem+1 ) == sourceElem )
-        if ( const SMDS_MeshElement* resElem = elems( ++iElem ))
+      while ( iElem+1 < gens.size() && gens[ iElem+1 ] == sourceElem )
+        if ( const SMDS_MeshElement* resElem = elems[ ++iElem ])
           if ( resElem != sourceElem )
             resultElems.push_back( resElem );
 
@@ -7089,7 +6932,7 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::generateGroups(const SMESH_SequenceOfElemPtr& nodeGens,
           {
             SMDS_MeshGroup & newTopGroup = gOldNew->get<2>()->SMDSGroup();
             newTopGroup.Add( topElem );
-         }
+          }
         }
       }
     } // loop on created elements
@@ -7176,8 +7019,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::FindCoincidentNodes (TIDSortedNodeSet &   theNodes,
                                             TListOfListOfNodes & theGroupsOfNodes,
                                             bool                 theSeparateCornersAndMedium)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   if ( myMesh->NbEdges  ( ORDER_QUADRATIC ) +
        myMesh->NbFaces  ( ORDER_QUADRATIC ) +
@@ -7233,76 +7075,52 @@ int SMESH_MeshEditor::SimplifyFace (const vector<const SMDS_MeshNode *>& faceNod
                                     vector<int>&                         quantities) const
 {
   int nbNodes = faceNodes.size();
-
-  if (nbNodes < 3)
+  while ( faceNodes[ 0 ] == faceNodes[ nbNodes-1 ] && nbNodes > 2 )
+    --nbNodes;
+  if ( nbNodes < 3 )
     return 0;
+  size_t prevNbQuant = quantities.size();
 
-  set<const SMDS_MeshNode*> nodeSet;
-
-  // get simple seq of nodes
-  vector<const SMDS_MeshNode*> simpleNodes( nbNodes );
-  int iSimple = 0;
+  vector< const SMDS_MeshNode* > simpleNodes; simpleNodes.reserve( nbNodes );
+  map< const SMDS_MeshNode*, int > nodeIndices; // indices within simpleNodes
+  map< const SMDS_MeshNode*, int >::iterator nInd;
 
-  simpleNodes[iSimple++] = faceNodes[0];
-  for (int iCur = 1; iCur < nbNodes; iCur++) {
-    if (faceNodes[iCur] != simpleNodes[iSimple - 1]) {
-      simpleNodes[iSimple++] = faceNodes[iCur];
-      nodeSet.insert( faceNodes[iCur] );
-    }
-  }
-  int nbUnique = nodeSet.size();
-  int nbSimple = iSimple;
-  if (simpleNodes[nbSimple - 1] == simpleNodes[0]) {
-    nbSimple--;
-    iSimple--;
-  }
-
-  if (nbUnique < 3)
-    return 0;
-
-  // separate loops
-  int nbNew = 0;
-  bool foundLoop = (nbSimple > nbUnique);
-  while (foundLoop) {
-    foundLoop = false;
-    set<const SMDS_MeshNode*> loopSet;
-    for (iSimple = 0; iSimple < nbSimple && !foundLoop; iSimple++) {
-      const SMDS_MeshNode* n = simpleNodes[iSimple];
-      if (!loopSet.insert( n ).second) {
-        foundLoop = true;
-
-        // separate loop
-        int iC = 0, curLast = iSimple;
-        for (; iC < curLast; iC++) {
-          if (simpleNodes[iC] == n) break;
-        }
-        int loopLen = curLast - iC;
-        if (loopLen > 2) {
-          // create sub-element
-          nbNew++;
-          quantities.push_back(loopLen);
-          for (; iC < curLast; iC++) {
-            poly_nodes.push_back(simpleNodes[iC]);
-          }
-        }
-        // shift the rest nodes (place from the first loop position)
-        for (iC = curLast + 1; iC < nbSimple; iC++) {
-          simpleNodes[iC - loopLen] = simpleNodes[iC];
+  nodeIndices.insert( make_pair( faceNodes[0], 0 ));
+  simpleNodes.push_back( faceNodes[0] );
+  for ( int iCur = 1; iCur < nbNodes; iCur++ )
+  {
+    if ( faceNodes[ iCur ] != simpleNodes.back() )
+    {
+      int index = simpleNodes.size();
+      nInd = nodeIndices.insert( make_pair( faceNodes[ iCur ], index )).first;
+      int prevIndex = nInd->second;
+      if ( prevIndex < index )
+      {
+        // a sub-loop found
+        int loopLen = index - prevIndex;
+        if ( loopLen > 2 )
+        {
+          // store the sub-loop
+          quantities.push_back( loopLen );
+          for ( int i = prevIndex; i < index; i++ )
+            poly_nodes.push_back( simpleNodes[ i ]);
         }
-        nbSimple -= loopLen;
-        iSimple -= loopLen;
+        simpleNodes.resize( prevIndex+1 );
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        simpleNodes.push_back( faceNodes[ iCur ]);
       }
-    } // for (iSimple = 0; iSimple < nbSimple; iSimple++)
-  } // while (foundLoop)
+    }
+  }
 
-  if (iSimple > 2) {
-    nbNew++;
-    quantities.push_back(iSimple);
-    for (int i = 0; i < iSimple; i++)
-      poly_nodes.push_back(simpleNodes[i]);
+  if ( simpleNodes.size() > 2 )
+  {
+    quantities.push_back( simpleNodes.size() );
+    poly_nodes.insert ( poly_nodes.end(), simpleNodes.begin(), simpleNodes.end() );
   }
 
-  return nbNew;
+  return quantities.size() - prevNbQuant;
 }
 
 //=======================================================================
@@ -7313,9 +7131,7 @@ int SMESH_MeshEditor::SimplifyFace (const vector<const SMDS_MeshNode *>& faceNod
 
 void SMESH_MeshEditor::MergeNodes (TListOfListOfNodes & theGroupsOfNodes)
 {
-  MESSAGE("MergeNodes");
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   SMESHDS_Mesh* aMesh = GetMeshDS();
 
@@ -7366,6 +7182,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::MergeNodes (TListOfListOfNodes & theGroupsOfNodes)
     const SMDS_MeshElement* elem = *eIt;
     const           int  nbNodes = elem->NbNodes();
     const           int aShapeId = FindShape( elem );
+    SMDSAbs_EntityType    entity = elem->GetEntityType();
 
     nodeSet.clear();
     curNodes.resize( nbNodes );
@@ -7391,7 +7208,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::MergeNodes (TListOfListOfNodes & theGroupsOfNodes)
             if ( nnIt_i != nodeNodeMap.end() ) { // n sticks
               n = (*nnIt_i).second;
               if (!nodesRecur.insert(n).second) {
-                // error: recursive dependancy
+                // error: recursive dependency
                 stopRecur = true;
               }
             }
@@ -7415,9 +7232,9 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::MergeNodes (TListOfListOfNodes & theGroupsOfNodes)
     int nbUniqueNodes = nodeSet.size();
     if ( nbNodes != nbUniqueNodes ) // some nodes stick
     {
-      if (elem->IsPoly()) // Polygons and Polyhedral volumes
+      if ( elem->IsPoly() ) // Polygons and Polyhedral volumes
       {
-        if (elem->GetType() == SMDSAbs_Face) // Polygon
+        if ( elem->GetType() == SMDSAbs_Face ) // Polygon
         {
           elemType.Init( elem );
           const bool isQuad = elemType.myIsQuad;
@@ -7452,7 +7269,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::MergeNodes (TListOfListOfNodes & theGroupsOfNodes)
               }
               elemType.SetPoly(( nbNewNodes / ( elemType.myIsQuad + 1 ) > 4 ));
 
-              SMDS_MeshElement* newElem = AddElement( face_nodes, elemType );
+              SMDS_MeshElement* newElem = AddElement( face_nodes, elemType.SetID(-1));
               if ( aShapeId )
                 aMesh->SetMeshElementOnShape(newElem, aShapeId);
             }
@@ -7461,53 +7278,53 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::MergeNodes (TListOfListOfNodes & theGroupsOfNodes)
 
         } // Polygon
 
-        else if (elem->GetType() == SMDSAbs_Volume) // Polyhedral volume
+        else if ( elem->GetType() == SMDSAbs_Volume ) // Polyhedral volume
         {
-          if (nbUniqueNodes < 4) {
+          if ( nbUniqueNodes < 4 ) {
             rmElemIds.push_back(elem->GetID());
           }
           else {
             // each face has to be analyzed in order to check volume validity
             const SMDS_VtkVolume* aPolyedre = dynamic_cast<const SMDS_VtkVolume*>( elem );
-            if (aPolyedre)
+            if ( aPolyedre )
             {
               int nbFaces = aPolyedre->NbFaces();
 
               vector<const SMDS_MeshNode *> poly_nodes;
-              vector<int> quantities;
+              vector<int>                   quantities;
+              vector<const SMDS_MeshNode *> faceNodes;
 
-              for (int iface = 1; iface <= nbFaces; iface++) {
+              for (int iface = 1; iface <= nbFaces; iface++)
+              {
                 int nbFaceNodes = aPolyedre->NbFaceNodes(iface);
-                vector<const SMDS_MeshNode *> faceNodes (nbFaceNodes);
-
-                for (int inode = 1; inode <= nbFaceNodes; inode++) {
+                faceNodes.resize( nbFaceNodes );
+                for (int inode = 1; inode <= nbFaceNodes; inode++)
+                {
                   const SMDS_MeshNode * faceNode = aPolyedre->GetFaceNode(iface, inode);
                   TNodeNodeMap::iterator nnIt = nodeNodeMap.find(faceNode);
-                  if (nnIt != nodeNodeMap.end()) { // faceNode sticks
+                  if ( nnIt != nodeNodeMap.end() ) // faceNode sticks
                     faceNode = (*nnIt).second;
-                  }
                   faceNodes[inode - 1] = faceNode;
                 }
-
                 SimplifyFace(faceNodes, poly_nodes, quantities);
               }
 
-              if (quantities.size() > 3) {
-                // to be done: remove coincident faces
+              if ( quantities.size() > 3 ) {
+                // TODO: remove coincident faces
               }
 
-              if (quantities.size() > 3)
+              if ( quantities.size() > 3 )
               {
                 const SMDS_MeshElement* newElem =
-                  aMesh->AddPolyhedralVolume(poly_nodes, quantities);
-                myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem);
+                  aMesh->AddPolyhedralVolume( poly_nodes, quantities );
+                myLastCreatedElems.push_back( newElem );
                 if ( aShapeId && newElem )
                   aMesh->SetMeshElementOnShape( newElem, aShapeId );
-                rmElemIds.push_back(elem->GetID());
+                rmElemIds.push_back( elem->GetID() );
               }
             }
             else {
-              rmElemIds.push_back(elem->GetID());
+              rmElemIds.push_back( elem->GetID() );
             }
           }
         }
@@ -7519,195 +7336,154 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::MergeNodes (TListOfListOfNodes & theGroupsOfNodes)
 
       // Regular elements
       // TODO not all the possible cases are solved. Find something more generic?
-      switch ( nbNodes ) {
-      case 2: ///////////////////////////////////// EDGE
-        isOk = false; break;
-      case 3: ///////////////////////////////////// TRIANGLE
-        isOk = false; break;
-      case 4:
-        if ( elem->GetType() == SMDSAbs_Volume ) // TETRAHEDRON
+      switch ( entity ) {
+      case SMDSEntity_Edge: //////// EDGE
+      case SMDSEntity_Triangle: //// TRIANGLE
+      case SMDSEntity_Quad_Triangle:
+      case SMDSEntity_Tetra:
+      case SMDSEntity_Quad_Tetra: // TETRAHEDRON
+      {
+        isOk = false;
+        break;
+      }
+      case SMDSEntity_Quad_Edge:
+      {
+        isOk = false; // to linear EDGE ???????
+        break;
+      }
+      case SMDSEntity_Quadrangle: //////////////////////////////////// QUADRANGLE
+      {
+        if ( nbUniqueNodes < 3 )
           isOk = false;
-        else { //////////////////////////////////// QUADRANGLE
-          if ( nbUniqueNodes < 3 )
-            isOk = false;
-          else if ( nbRepl == 2 && iRepl[ 1 ] - iRepl[ 0 ] == 2 )
-            isOk = false; // opposite nodes stick
-          //MESSAGE("isOk " << isOk);
+        else if ( nbRepl == 1 && curNodes[ iRepl[0]] == curNodes[( iRepl[0]+2 )%4 ])
+          isOk = false; // opposite nodes stick
+        break;
+      }
+      case SMDSEntity_Quad_Quadrangle: // Quadratic QUADRANGLE
+      {
+        //   1    5    2
+        //    +---+---+
+        //    |       |
+        //   4+       +6
+        //    |       |
+        //    +---+---+
+        //   0    7    3
+        if (( nbUniqueNodes == 6 && nbRepl == 2 ) &&
+            (( iRepl[0] == 1 && iRepl[1] == 4 && curNodes[1] == curNodes[0] ) ||
+             ( iRepl[0] == 2 && iRepl[1] == 5 && curNodes[2] == curNodes[1] ) ||
+             ( iRepl[0] == 3 && iRepl[1] == 6 && curNodes[3] == curNodes[2] ) ||
+             ( iRepl[0] == 3 && iRepl[1] == 7 && curNodes[3] == curNodes[0] )))
+        {
+          isOk = true;
         }
         break;
-      case 6: ///////////////////////////////////// PENTAHEDRON
+      }
+      case SMDSEntity_BiQuad_Quadrangle: // Bi-Quadratic QUADRANGLE
+      {
+        //   1    5    2
+        //    +---+---+
+        //    |       |
+        //   4+  8+   +6
+        //    |       |
+        //    +---+---+
+        //   0    7    3
+        if (( nbUniqueNodes == 7 && nbRepl == 2 && iRepl[1] != 8 ) &&
+            (( iRepl[0] == 1 && iRepl[1] == 4 && curNodes[1] == curNodes[0] ) ||
+             ( iRepl[0] == 2 && iRepl[1] == 5 && curNodes[2] == curNodes[1] ) ||
+             ( iRepl[0] == 3 && iRepl[1] == 6 && curNodes[3] == curNodes[2] ) ||
+             ( iRepl[0] == 3 && iRepl[1] == 7 && curNodes[3] == curNodes[0] )))
+        {
+          isOk = true;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case SMDSEntity_Penta: ///////////////////////////////////// PENTAHEDRON
+      {
+        isOk = false;
         if ( nbUniqueNodes == 4 ) {
           // ---------------------------------> tetrahedron
-          if (nbRepl == 3 &&
-              iRepl[ 0 ] > 2 && iRepl[ 1 ] > 2 && iRepl[ 2 ] > 2 ) {
-            // all top nodes stick: reverse a bottom
-            uniqueNodes[ 0 ] = curNodes [ 1 ];
-            uniqueNodes[ 1 ] = curNodes [ 0 ];
+          if ( curNodes[3] == curNodes[4] &&
+               curNodes[3] == curNodes[5] ) {
+            // top nodes stick
+            isOk = true;
           }
-          else if (nbRepl == 3 &&
-                   iRepl[ 0 ] < 3 && iRepl[ 1 ] < 3 && iRepl[ 2 ] < 3 ) {
-            // all bottom nodes stick: set a top before
+          else if ( curNodes[0] == curNodes[1] &&
+                    curNodes[0] == curNodes[2] ) {
+            // bottom nodes stick: set a top before
             uniqueNodes[ 3 ] = uniqueNodes [ 0 ];
-            uniqueNodes[ 0 ] = curNodes [ 3 ];
+            uniqueNodes[ 0 ] = curNodes [ 5 ];
             uniqueNodes[ 1 ] = curNodes [ 4 ];
-            uniqueNodes[ 2 ] = curNodes [ 5 ];
+            uniqueNodes[ 2 ] = curNodes [ 3 ];
+            isOk = true;
           }
-          else if (nbRepl == 4 &&
-                   iRepl[ 2 ] - iRepl [ 0 ] == 3 && iRepl[ 3 ] - iRepl [ 1 ] == 3 ) {
-            // a lateral face turns into a line: reverse a bottom
-            uniqueNodes[ 0 ] = curNodes [ 1 ];
-            uniqueNodes[ 1 ] = curNodes [ 0 ];
+          else if (( curNodes[0] == curNodes[3] ) +
+                   ( curNodes[1] == curNodes[4] ) +
+                   ( curNodes[2] == curNodes[5] ) == 2 ) {
+            // a lateral face turns into a line
+            isOk = true;
           }
-          else
-            isOk = false;
         }
         else if ( nbUniqueNodes == 5 ) {
-          // PENTAHEDRON --------------------> 2 tetrahedrons
-          if ( nbRepl == 2 && iRepl[ 1 ] - iRepl [ 0 ] == 3 ) {
-            // a bottom node sticks with a linked top one
-            // 1.
-            SMDS_MeshElement* newElem =
-              aMesh->AddVolume(curNodes[ 3 ],
-                               curNodes[ 4 ],
-                               curNodes[ 5 ],
-                               curNodes[ iRepl[ 0 ] == 2 ? 1 : 2 ]);
-            myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem);
-            if ( aShapeId )
-              aMesh->SetMeshElementOnShape( newElem, aShapeId );
-            // 2. : reverse a bottom
-            uniqueNodes[ 0 ] = curNodes [ 1 ];
-            uniqueNodes[ 1 ] = curNodes [ 0 ];
-            nbUniqueNodes = 4;
-          }
-          else
-            isOk = false;
-        }
-        else
-          isOk = false;
-        break;
-      case 8: {
-        if(elem->IsQuadratic()) { // Quadratic quadrangle
-          //   1    5    2
-          //    +---+---+
-          //    |       |
-          //    |       |
-          //   4+       +6
-          //    |       |
-          //    |       |
-          //    +---+---+
-          //   0    7    3
-          isOk = false;
-          if(nbRepl==2) {
-            MESSAGE("nbRepl=2: " << iRepl[0] << " " << iRepl[1]);
-          }
-          if(nbRepl==3) {
-            MESSAGE("nbRepl=3: " << iRepl[0] << " " << iRepl[1]  << " " << iRepl[2]);
-            nbUniqueNodes = 6;
-            if( iRepl[0]==0 && iRepl[1]==1 && iRepl[2]==4 ) {
-              uniqueNodes[0] = curNodes[0];
-              uniqueNodes[1] = curNodes[2];
-              uniqueNodes[2] = curNodes[3];
-              uniqueNodes[3] = curNodes[5];
-              uniqueNodes[4] = curNodes[6];
-              uniqueNodes[5] = curNodes[7];
-              isOk = true;
-            }
-            if( iRepl[0]==0 && iRepl[1]==3 && iRepl[2]==7 ) {
-              uniqueNodes[0] = curNodes[0];
-              uniqueNodes[1] = curNodes[1];
-              uniqueNodes[2] = curNodes[2];
-              uniqueNodes[3] = curNodes[4];
-              uniqueNodes[4] = curNodes[5];
-              uniqueNodes[5] = curNodes[6];
-              isOk = true;
-            }
-            if( iRepl[0]==0 && iRepl[1]==4 && iRepl[2]==7 ) {
-              uniqueNodes[0] = curNodes[1];
-              uniqueNodes[1] = curNodes[2];
-              uniqueNodes[2] = curNodes[3];
-              uniqueNodes[3] = curNodes[5];
-              uniqueNodes[4] = curNodes[6];
-              uniqueNodes[5] = curNodes[0];
-              isOk = true;
-            }
-            if( iRepl[0]==1 && iRepl[1]==2 && iRepl[2]==5 ) {
-              uniqueNodes[0] = curNodes[0];
-              uniqueNodes[1] = curNodes[1];
-              uniqueNodes[2] = curNodes[3];
-              uniqueNodes[3] = curNodes[4];
-              uniqueNodes[4] = curNodes[6];
-              uniqueNodes[5] = curNodes[7];
-              isOk = true;
-            }
-            if( iRepl[0]==1 && iRepl[1]==4 && iRepl[2]==5 ) {
-              uniqueNodes[0] = curNodes[0];
-              uniqueNodes[1] = curNodes[2];
-              uniqueNodes[2] = curNodes[3];
-              uniqueNodes[3] = curNodes[1];
-              uniqueNodes[4] = curNodes[6];
-              uniqueNodes[5] = curNodes[7];
-              isOk = true;
-            }
-            if( iRepl[0]==2 && iRepl[1]==3 && iRepl[2]==6 ) {
-              uniqueNodes[0] = curNodes[0];
-              uniqueNodes[1] = curNodes[1];
-              uniqueNodes[2] = curNodes[2];
-              uniqueNodes[3] = curNodes[4];
-              uniqueNodes[4] = curNodes[5];
-              uniqueNodes[5] = curNodes[7];
-              isOk = true;
-            }
-            if( iRepl[0]==2 && iRepl[1]==5 && iRepl[2]==6 ) {
-              uniqueNodes[0] = curNodes[0];
-              uniqueNodes[1] = curNodes[1];
-              uniqueNodes[2] = curNodes[3];
-              uniqueNodes[3] = curNodes[4];
-              uniqueNodes[4] = curNodes[2];
-              uniqueNodes[5] = curNodes[7];
-              isOk = true;
-            }
-            if( iRepl[0]==3 && iRepl[1]==6 && iRepl[2]==7 ) {
-              uniqueNodes[0] = curNodes[0];
-              uniqueNodes[1] = curNodes[1];
-              uniqueNodes[2] = curNodes[2];
-              uniqueNodes[3] = curNodes[4];
-              uniqueNodes[4] = curNodes[5];
-              uniqueNodes[5] = curNodes[3];
-              isOk = true;
-            }
+          // PENTAHEDRON --------------------> pyramid
+          if ( curNodes[0] == curNodes[3] )
+          {
+            uniqueNodes[ 0 ] = curNodes[ 1 ];
+            uniqueNodes[ 1 ] = curNodes[ 4 ];
+            uniqueNodes[ 2 ] = curNodes[ 5 ];
+            uniqueNodes[ 3 ] = curNodes[ 2 ];
+            uniqueNodes[ 4 ] = curNodes[ 0 ];
+            isOk = true;
           }
-          if(nbRepl==4) {
-            MESSAGE("nbRepl=4: " << iRepl[0] << " " << iRepl[1]  << " " << iRepl[2] << " " << iRepl[3]);
+          if ( curNodes[1] == curNodes[4] )
+          {
+            uniqueNodes[ 0 ] = curNodes[ 0 ];
+            uniqueNodes[ 1 ] = curNodes[ 2 ];
+            uniqueNodes[ 2 ] = curNodes[ 5 ];
+            uniqueNodes[ 3 ] = curNodes[ 3 ];
+            uniqueNodes[ 4 ] = curNodes[ 1 ];
+            isOk = true;
           }
-          if(nbRepl==5) {
-            MESSAGE("nbRepl=5: " << iRepl[0] << " " << iRepl[1]  << " " << iRepl[2] << " " << iRepl[3] << " " << iRepl[4]);
+          if ( curNodes[2] == curNodes[5] )
+          {
+            uniqueNodes[ 0 ] = curNodes[ 0 ];
+            uniqueNodes[ 1 ] = curNodes[ 3 ];
+            uniqueNodes[ 2 ] = curNodes[ 4 ];
+            uniqueNodes[ 3 ] = curNodes[ 1 ];
+            uniqueNodes[ 4 ] = curNodes[ 2 ];
+            isOk = true;
           }
-          break;
         }
+        break;
+      }
+      case SMDSEntity_Hexa:
+      {
         //////////////////////////////////// HEXAHEDRON
         isOk = false;
         SMDS_VolumeTool hexa (elem);
         hexa.SetExternalNormal();
         if ( nbUniqueNodes == 4 && nbRepl == 4 ) {
-          //////////////////////// HEX ---> tetrahedron
+          //////////////////////// HEX ---> tetrahedron
           for ( int iFace = 0; iFace < 6; iFace++ ) {
             const int *ind = hexa.GetFaceNodesIndices( iFace ); // indices of face nodes
             if (curNodes[ind[ 0 ]] == curNodes[ind[ 1 ]] &&
                 curNodes[ind[ 0 ]] == curNodes[ind[ 2 ]] &&
                 curNodes[ind[ 0 ]] == curNodes[ind[ 3 ]] ) {
               // one face turns into a point ...
+              int  pickInd = ind[ 0 ];
               int iOppFace = hexa.GetOppFaceIndex( iFace );
               ind = hexa.GetFaceNodesIndices( iOppFace );
               int nbStick = 0;
+              uniqueNodes.clear();
               for ( iCur = 0; iCur < 4 && nbStick < 2; iCur++ ) {
                 if ( curNodes[ind[ iCur ]] == curNodes[ind[ iCur + 1 ]] )
                   nbStick++;
+                else
+                  uniqueNodes.push_back( curNodes[ind[ iCur ]]);
               }
               if ( nbStick == 1 ) {
                 // ... and the opposite one - into a triangle.
                 // set a top node
-                ind = hexa.GetFaceNodesIndices( iFace );
-                uniqueNodes[ 3 ] = curNodes[ind[ 0 ]];
+                uniqueNodes.push_back( curNodes[ pickInd ]);
                 isOk = true;
               }
               break;
@@ -7715,7 +7491,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::MergeNodes (TListOfListOfNodes & theGroupsOfNodes)
           }
         }
         else if ( nbUniqueNodes == 6 && nbRepl == 2 ) {
-          //////////////////////// HEX ---> prism
+          //////////////////////// HEX ---> prism
           int nbTria = 0, iTria[3];
           const int *ind; // indices of face nodes
           // look for triangular faces
@@ -7730,7 +7506,6 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::MergeNodes (TListOfListOfNodes & theGroupsOfNodes)
           // check if triangles are opposite
           if ( nbTria == 2 && iTria[0] == hexa.GetOppFaceIndex( iTria[1] ))
           {
-            isOk = true;
             // set nodes of the bottom triangle
             ind = hexa.GetFaceNodesIndices( iTria[ 0 ]);
             vector<int> indB;
@@ -7750,11 +7525,12 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::MergeNodes (TListOfListOfNodes & theGroupsOfNodes)
                   uniqueNodes[ iCur + 3 ] = curNodes[ indT[ j ]];
                   break;
                 }
+            isOk = true;
+            break;
           }
-          break;
         }
-        else if (nbUniqueNodes == 5 && nbRepl == 4 ) {
-          //////////////////// HEXAHEDRON ---> 2 tetrahedrons
+        else if (nbUniqueNodes == 5 && nbRepl == 3 ) {
+          //////////////////// HEXAHEDRON ---> pyramid
           for ( int iFace = 0; iFace < 6; iFace++ ) {
             const int *ind = hexa.GetFaceNodesIndices( iFace ); // indices of face nodes
             if (curNodes[ind[ 0 ]] == curNodes[ind[ 1 ]] &&
@@ -7763,139 +7539,61 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::MergeNodes (TListOfListOfNodes & theGroupsOfNodes)
               // one face turns into a point ...
               int iOppFace = hexa.GetOppFaceIndex( iFace );
               ind = hexa.GetFaceNodesIndices( iOppFace );
-              int nbStick = 0;
-              iUnique = 2;  // reverse a tetrahedron 1 bottom
-              for ( iCur = 0; iCur < 4 && nbStick == 0; iCur++ ) {
+              uniqueNodes.clear();
+              for ( iCur = 0; iCur < 4; iCur++ ) {
                 if ( curNodes[ind[ iCur ]] == curNodes[ind[ iCur + 1 ]] )
-                  nbStick++;
-                else if ( iUnique >= 0 )
-                  uniqueNodes[ iUnique-- ] = curNodes[ind[ iCur ]];
+                  break;
+                else
+                  uniqueNodes.push_back( curNodes[ind[ iCur ]]);
               }
-              if ( nbStick == 0 ) {
+              if ( uniqueNodes.size() == 4 ) {
                 // ... and the opposite one is a quadrangle
                 // set a top node
                 const int* indTop = hexa.GetFaceNodesIndices( iFace );
-                uniqueNodes[ 3 ] = curNodes[indTop[ 0 ]];
-                nbUniqueNodes = 4;
-                // tetrahedron 2
-                SMDS_MeshElement* newElem =
-                  aMesh->AddVolume(curNodes[ind[ 0 ]],
-                                   curNodes[ind[ 3 ]],
-                                   curNodes[ind[ 2 ]],
-                                   curNodes[indTop[ 0 ]]);
-                myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem);
-                if ( aShapeId )
-                  aMesh->SetMeshElementOnShape( newElem, aShapeId );
+                uniqueNodes.push_back( curNodes[indTop[ 0 ]]);
                 isOk = true;
               }
               break;
             }
           }
         }
-        else if ( nbUniqueNodes == 6 && nbRepl == 4 ) {
-          ////////////////// HEXAHEDRON ---> 2 tetrahedrons or 1 prism
-          // find indices of quad and tri faces
-          int iQuadFace[ 6 ], iTriFace[ 6 ], nbQuad = 0, nbTri = 0, iFace;
-          for ( iFace = 0; iFace < 6; iFace++ ) {
+
+        if ( !isOk && nbUniqueNodes > 4 ) {
+          ////////////////// HEXAHEDRON ---> polyhedron
+          hexa.SetExternalNormal();
+          vector<const SMDS_MeshNode *> poly_nodes; poly_nodes.reserve( 6 * 4 );
+          vector<int>                   quantities; quantities.reserve( 6 );
+          for ( int iFace = 0; iFace < 6; iFace++ )
+          {
             const int *ind = hexa.GetFaceNodesIndices( iFace ); // indices of face nodes
+            if ( curNodes[ind[0]] == curNodes[ind[2]] ||
+                 curNodes[ind[1]] == curNodes[ind[3]] )
+            {
+              quantities.clear();
+              break; // opposite nodes stick
+            }
             nodeSet.clear();
             for ( iCur = 0; iCur < 4; iCur++ )
-              nodeSet.insert( curNodes[ind[ iCur ]] );
-            nbUniqueNodes = nodeSet.size();
-            if ( nbUniqueNodes == 3 )
-              iTriFace[ nbTri++ ] = iFace;
-            else if ( nbUniqueNodes == 4 )
-              iQuadFace[ nbQuad++ ] = iFace;
-          }
-          if (nbQuad == 2 && nbTri == 4 &&
-              hexa.GetOppFaceIndex( iQuadFace[ 0 ] ) == iQuadFace[ 1 ]) {
-            // 2 opposite quadrangles stuck with a diagonal;
-            // sample groups of merged indices: (0-4)(2-6)
-            // --------------------------------------------> 2 tetrahedrons
-            const int *ind1 = hexa.GetFaceNodesIndices( iQuadFace[ 0 ]); // indices of quad1 nodes
-            const int *ind2 = hexa.GetFaceNodesIndices( iQuadFace[ 1 ]);
-            int i0, i1d, i2, i3d, i0t, i2t; // d-daigonal, t-top
-            if (curNodes[ind1[ 0 ]] == curNodes[ind2[ 0 ]] &&
-                curNodes[ind1[ 2 ]] == curNodes[ind2[ 2 ]]) {
-              // stuck with 0-2 diagonal
-              i0  = ind1[ 3 ];
-              i1d = ind1[ 0 ];
-              i2  = ind1[ 1 ];
-              i3d = ind1[ 2 ];
-              i0t = ind2[ 1 ];
-              i2t = ind2[ 3 ];
-            }
-            else if (curNodes[ind1[ 1 ]] == curNodes[ind2[ 3 ]] &&
-                     curNodes[ind1[ 3 ]] == curNodes[ind2[ 1 ]]) {
-              // stuck with 1-3 diagonal
-              i0  = ind1[ 0 ];
-              i1d = ind1[ 1 ];
-              i2  = ind1[ 2 ];
-              i3d = ind1[ 3 ];
-              i0t = ind2[ 0 ];
-              i2t = ind2[ 1 ];
-            }
-            else {
-              ASSERT(0);
+            {
+              if ( nodeSet.insert( curNodes[ind[ iCur ]] ).second )
+                poly_nodes.push_back( curNodes[ind[ iCur ]]);
             }
-            // tetrahedron 1
-            uniqueNodes[ 0 ] = curNodes [ i0 ];
-            uniqueNodes[ 1 ] = curNodes [ i1d ];
-            uniqueNodes[ 2 ] = curNodes [ i3d ];
-            uniqueNodes[ 3 ] = curNodes [ i0t ];
-            nbUniqueNodes = 4;
-            // tetrahedron 2
-            SMDS_MeshElement* newElem = aMesh->AddVolume(curNodes[ i1d ],
-                                                         curNodes[ i2 ],
-                                                         curNodes[ i3d ],
-                                                         curNodes[ i2t ]);
-            myLastCreatedElems.Append(newElem);
-            if ( aShapeId )
-              aMesh->SetMeshElementOnShape( newElem, aShapeId );
-            isOk = true;
+            if ( nodeSet.size() < 3 )
+              poly_nodes.resize( poly_nodes.size() - nodeSet.size() );
+            else
+              quantities.push_back( nodeSet.size() );
           }
-          else if (( nbTri == 2 && nbQuad == 3 ) || // merged (0-4)(1-5)
-                   ( nbTri == 4 && nbQuad == 2 )) { // merged (7-4)(1-5)
-            // --------------------------------------------> prism
-            // find 2 opposite triangles
-            nbUniqueNodes = 6;
-            for ( iFace = 0; iFace + 1 < nbTri; iFace++ ) {
-              if ( hexa.GetOppFaceIndex( iTriFace[ iFace ] ) == iTriFace[ iFace + 1 ]) {
-                // find indices of kept and replaced nodes
-                // and fill unique nodes of 2 opposite triangles
-                const int *ind1 = hexa.GetFaceNodesIndices( iTriFace[ iFace ]);
-                const int *ind2 = hexa.GetFaceNodesIndices( iTriFace[ iFace + 1 ]);
-                const SMDS_MeshNode** hexanodes = hexa.GetNodes();
-                // fill unique nodes
-                iUnique = 0;
-                isOk = true;
-                for ( iCur = 0; iCur < 4 && isOk; iCur++ ) {
-                  const SMDS_MeshNode* n     = curNodes[ind1[ iCur ]];
-                  const SMDS_MeshNode* nInit = hexanodes[ind1[ iCur ]];
-                  if ( n == nInit ) {
-                    // iCur of a linked node of the opposite face (make normals co-directed):
-                    int iCurOpp = ( iCur == 1 || iCur == 3 ) ? 4 - iCur : iCur;
-                    // check that correspondent corners of triangles are linked
-                    if ( !hexa.IsLinked( ind1[ iCur ], ind2[ iCurOpp ] ))
-                      isOk = false;
-                    else {
-                      uniqueNodes[ iUnique ] = n;
-                      uniqueNodes[ iUnique + 3 ] = curNodes[ind2[ iCurOpp ]];
-                      iUnique++;
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-                break;
-              }
-            }
+          if ( quantities.size() >= 4 )
+          {
+            const SMDS_MeshElement* newElem = aMesh->AddPolyhedralVolume( poly_nodes, quantities );
+            myLastCreatedElems.push_back( newElem );
+            if ( aShapeId && newElem )
+              aMesh->SetMeshElementOnShape( newElem, aShapeId );
+            rmElemIds.push_back( elem->GetID() );
           }
-        } // if ( nbUniqueNodes == 6 && nbRepl == 4 )
-        else
-        {
-          MESSAGE("MergeNodes() removes hexahedron "<< elem);
         }
         break;
-      } // HEXAHEDRON
+      } // case HEXAHEDRON
 
       default:
         isOk = false;
@@ -7903,7 +7601,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::MergeNodes (TListOfListOfNodes & theGroupsOfNodes)
 
     } // if ( nbNodes != nbUniqueNodes ) // some nodes stick
 
-    if ( isOk ) // the non-poly elem remains valid after sticking nodes
+    if ( isOk ) // a non-poly elem remains valid after sticking nodes
     {
       if ( nbNodes != nbUniqueNodes ||
            !aMesh->ChangeElementNodes( elem, & curNodes[0], nbNodes ))
@@ -7969,27 +7667,22 @@ private:
 void SMESH_MeshEditor::FindEqualElements(TIDSortedElemSet &        theElements,
                                          TListOfListOfElementsID & theGroupsOfElementsID)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   typedef map< SortableElement, int > TMapOfNodeSet;
   typedef list<int> TGroupOfElems;
 
-  if ( theElements.empty() )
-  { // get all elements in the mesh
-    SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr eIt = GetMeshDS()->elementsIterator();
-    while ( eIt->more() )
-      theElements.insert( theElements.end(), eIt->next() );
-  }
+  SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr elemIt;
+  if ( theElements.empty() ) elemIt = GetMeshDS()->elementsIterator();
+  else                       elemIt = SMESHUtils::elemSetIterator( theElements );
 
   vector< TGroupOfElems > arrayOfGroups;
   TGroupOfElems groupOfElems;
   TMapOfNodeSet mapOfNodeSet;
 
-  TIDSortedElemSet::iterator elemIt = theElements.begin();
-  for ( int i = 0; elemIt != theElements.end(); ++elemIt )
+  for ( int i = 0; elemIt->more(); )
   {
-    const SMDS_MeshElement* curElem = *elemIt;
+    const SMDS_MeshElement* curElem = elemIt->next();
     SortableElement SE(curElem);
     // check uniqueness
     pair< TMapOfNodeSet::iterator, bool> pp = mapOfNodeSet.insert(make_pair(SE, i));
@@ -8024,8 +7717,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::FindEqualElements(TIDSortedElemSet &        theElements,
 
 void SMESH_MeshEditor::MergeElements(TListOfListOfElementsID & theGroupsOfElementsID)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   typedef list<int> TListOfIDs;
   TListOfIDs rmElemIds; // IDs of elems to remove
@@ -8227,7 +7919,7 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::FindFreeBorder (const SMDS_MeshNode*             theFirst
       if ( contNodes[0].empty() && contNodes[1].empty() )
         return false;
 
-      // append the best free border
+      // push_back the best free border
       cNL = & contNodes[ contNodes[0].empty() ? 1 : 0 ];
       cFL = & contFaces[ contFaces[0].empty() ? 1 : 0 ];
       theNodes.pop_back(); // remove nIgnore
@@ -8277,10 +7969,8 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::SewFreeBorder (const SMDS_MeshNode* theBordFirstNode,
                                  const bool           toCreatePolygons,
                                  const bool           toCreatePolyedrs)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
-  MESSAGE("::SewFreeBorder()");
   Sew_Error aResult = SEW_OK;
 
   // ====================================
@@ -8388,7 +8078,7 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::SewFreeBorder (const SMDS_MeshNode* theBordFirstNode,
     //const SMDS_MeshNode* faceNodes[ 4 ];
 
     const SMDS_MeshNode*    sideNode;
-    const SMDS_MeshElement* sideElem;
+    const SMDS_MeshElement* sideElem  = 0;
     const SMDS_MeshNode* prevSideNode = theSideFirstNode;
     const SMDS_MeshNode* prevBordNode = theBordFirstNode;
     nBordIt = bordNodes.begin();
@@ -8413,7 +8103,7 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::SewFreeBorder (const SMDS_MeshNode* theBordFirstNode,
       {
         const SMDS_MeshElement* elem = invElemIt->next();
         // prepare data for a loop on links coming to prevSideNode, of a face or a volume
-        int iPrevNode, iNode = 0, nbNodes = elem->NbNodes();
+        int iPrevNode = 0, iNode = 0, nbNodes = elem->NbNodes();
         vector< const SMDS_MeshNode* > faceNodes( nbNodes, (const SMDS_MeshNode*)0 );
         bool isVolume = volume.Set( elem );
         const SMDS_MeshNode** nodes = isVolume ? volume.GetNodes() : & faceNodes[0];
@@ -8732,13 +8422,13 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::SewFreeBorder (const SMDS_MeshNode* theBordFirstNode,
   // get new segments
   TIDSortedElemSet segments;
   SMESH_SequenceOfElemPtr newFaces;
-  for ( int i = 1; i <= myLastCreatedElems.Length(); ++i )
+  for ( size_t i = 0; i < myLastCreatedElems.size(); ++i )
   {
-    if ( !myLastCreatedElems(i) ) continue;
-    if ( myLastCreatedElems(i)->GetType() == SMDSAbs_Edge )
-      segments.insert( segments.end(), myLastCreatedElems(i) );
+    if ( !myLastCreatedElems[i] ) continue;
+    if ( myLastCreatedElems[i]->GetType() == SMDSAbs_Edge )
+      segments.insert( segments.end(), myLastCreatedElems[i] );
     else
-      newFaces.Append( myLastCreatedElems(i) );
+      newFaces.push_back( myLastCreatedElems[i] );
   }
   // get segments adjacent to merged nodes
   TListOfListOfNodes::iterator groupIt = nodeGroupsToMerge.begin();
@@ -8773,7 +8463,7 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::SewFreeBorder (const SMDS_MeshNode* theBordFirstNode,
     myLastCreatedElems = newFaces;
     TIDSortedElemSet::iterator seg = segments.begin();
     for ( ; seg != segments.end(); ++seg )
-      myLastCreatedElems.Append( *seg );
+      myLastCreatedElems.push_back( *seg );
   }
 
   return aResult;
@@ -8843,7 +8533,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::InsertNodesIntoLink(const SMDS_MeshElement*     theElemen
       if ( newElems[i] )
       {
         aMesh->SetMeshElementOnShape( newElems[i], theElement->getshapeId() );
-        myLastCreatedElems.Append( newElems[i] );
+        myLastCreatedElems.push_back( newElems[i] );
       }
     ReplaceElemInGroups( theElement, newElems, aMesh );
     aMesh->RemoveElement( theElement );
@@ -8961,7 +8651,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::InsertNodesIntoLink(const SMDS_MeshElement*     theElemen
     }
     // decide how to split a quadrangle: compare possible variants
     // and choose which of splits to be a quadrangle
-    int i1, i2, iSplit, nbSplits = nbLinkNodes - 1, iBestQuad;
+    int i1, i2, iSplit, nbSplits = nbLinkNodes - 1, iBestQuad = 0;
     if ( nbFaceNodes == 3 ) {
       iBestQuad = nbSplits;
       i4 = i3;
@@ -9104,7 +8794,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::InsertNodesIntoLink(const SMDS_MeshElement*     theElemen
     if ( newElems[i] )
     {
       aMesh->SetMeshElementOnShape( newElems[i], theFace->getshapeId() );
-      myLastCreatedElems.Append( newElems[i] );
+      myLastCreatedElems.push_back( newElems[i] );
     }
   ReplaceElemInGroups( theFace, newElems, aMesh );
   aMesh->RemoveElement(theFace);
@@ -9120,8 +8810,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::UpdateVolumes (const SMDS_MeshNode*        theBetweenNode
                                       const SMDS_MeshNode*        theBetweenNode2,
                                       list<const SMDS_MeshNode*>& theNodesToInsert)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr invElemIt = theBetweenNode1->GetInverseElementIterator(SMDSAbs_Volume);
   while (invElemIt->more()) { // loop on inverse elements of theBetweenNode1
@@ -9183,7 +8872,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::UpdateVolumes (const SMDS_MeshNode*        theBetweenNode
     if ( SMDS_MeshElement* newElem = aMesh->AddPolyhedralVolume( poly_nodes, quantities ))
     {
       aMesh->SetMeshElementOnShape( newElem, elem->getshapeId() );
-      myLastCreatedElems.Append( newElem );
+      myLastCreatedElems.push_back( newElem );
       ReplaceElemInGroups( elem, newElem, aMesh );
     }
     aMesh->RemoveElement( elem );
@@ -9298,50 +8987,50 @@ int SMESH_MeshEditor::convertElemToQuadratic(SMESHDS_SubMesh *   theSm,
     switch( aType )
     {
     case SMDSAbs_Edge :
-      {
-        NewElem = theHelper.AddEdge(nodes[0], nodes[1], id, theForce3d);
-        break;
-      }
+    {
+      NewElem = theHelper.AddEdge(nodes[0], nodes[1], id, theForce3d);
+      break;
+    }
     case SMDSAbs_Face :
+    {
+      switch(nbNodes)
       {
-        switch(nbNodes)
-        {
-        case 3:
-          NewElem = theHelper.AddFace(nodes[0], nodes[1], nodes[2], id, theForce3d);
-          break;
-        case 4:
-          NewElem = theHelper.AddFace(nodes[0], nodes[1], nodes[2], nodes[3], id, theForce3d);
-          break;
-        default:
-          NewElem = theHelper.AddPolygonalFace(nodes, id, theForce3d);
-        }
+      case 3:
+        NewElem = theHelper.AddFace(nodes[0], nodes[1], nodes[2], id, theForce3d);
         break;
+      case 4:
+        NewElem = theHelper.AddFace(nodes[0], nodes[1], nodes[2], nodes[3], id, theForce3d);
+        break;
+      default:
+        NewElem = theHelper.AddPolygonalFace(nodes, id, theForce3d);
       }
+      break;
+    }
     case SMDSAbs_Volume :
+    {
+      switch( aGeomType )
       {
-        switch( aGeomType )
-        {
-        case SMDSEntity_Tetra:
-          NewElem = theHelper.AddVolume(nodes[0], nodes[1], nodes[2], nodes[3], id, theForce3d);
-          break;
-        case SMDSEntity_Pyramid:
-          NewElem = theHelper.AddVolume(nodes[0], nodes[1], nodes[2], nodes[3], nodes[4], id, theForce3d);
-          break;
-        case SMDSEntity_Penta:
-          NewElem = theHelper.AddVolume(nodes[0], nodes[1], nodes[2], nodes[3], nodes[4], nodes[5], id, theForce3d);
-          break;
-        case SMDSEntity_Hexa:
-        case SMDSEntity_Quad_Hexa:
-        case SMDSEntity_TriQuad_Hexa:
-          NewElem = theHelper.AddVolume(nodes[0], nodes[1], nodes[2], nodes[3],
-                                        nodes[4], nodes[5], nodes[6], nodes[7], id, theForce3d);
-          break;
-        case SMDSEntity_Hexagonal_Prism:
-        default:
-          NewElem = theHelper.AddPolyhedralVolume(nodes, nbNodeInFaces, id, theForce3d);
-        }
+      case SMDSEntity_Tetra:
+        NewElem = theHelper.AddVolume(nodes[0], nodes[1], nodes[2], nodes[3], id, theForce3d);
+        break;
+      case SMDSEntity_Pyramid:
+        NewElem = theHelper.AddVolume(nodes[0], nodes[1], nodes[2], nodes[3], nodes[4], id, theForce3d);
+        break;
+      case SMDSEntity_Penta:
+        NewElem = theHelper.AddVolume(nodes[0], nodes[1], nodes[2], nodes[3], nodes[4], nodes[5], id, theForce3d);
         break;
+      case SMDSEntity_Hexa:
+      case SMDSEntity_Quad_Hexa:
+      case SMDSEntity_TriQuad_Hexa:
+        NewElem = theHelper.AddVolume(nodes[0], nodes[1], nodes[2], nodes[3],
+                                      nodes[4], nodes[5], nodes[6], nodes[7], id, theForce3d);
+        break;
+      case SMDSEntity_Hexagonal_Prism:
+      default:
+        NewElem = theHelper.AddPolyhedralVolume(nodes, nbNodeInFaces, id, theForce3d);
       }
+      break;
+    }
     default :
       continue;
     }
@@ -9711,7 +9400,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::ConvertToQuadratic(const bool        theForce3d,
     if( newElem && smDS )
       smDS->AddElement( newElem );
 
-     // remove central nodes
+    // remove central nodes
     for ( size_t i = nodes.size() - nbCentralNodes; i < nodes.size(); ++i )
       if ( nodes[i]->NbInverseElements() == 0 )
         meshDS->RemoveFreeNode( nodes[i], smDS, /*fromGroups=*/true );
@@ -9845,7 +9534,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::ConvertFromQuadratic(TIDSortedElemSet& theElements)
   }
 
   // replace given elements by linear ones
-  SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr elemIt = elemSetIterator( theElements );
+  SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr elemIt = SMESHUtils::elemSetIterator( theElements );
   removeQuadElem( /*theSm=*/0, elemIt, /*theShapeID=*/0 );
 
   // we need to convert remaining elements whose all medium nodes are in mediumNodeIDs
@@ -9897,7 +9586,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::ConvertFromQuadratic(TIDSortedElemSet& theElements)
       }
     }
   }
-  elemIt = elemSetIterator( moreElemsToConvert );
+  elemIt = SMESHUtils::elemSetIterator( moreElemsToConvert );
   removeQuadElem( /*theSm=*/0, elemIt, /*theShapeID=*/0 );
 }
 
@@ -9914,10 +9603,8 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::SewSideElements (TIDSortedElemSet&    theSide1,
                                    const SMDS_MeshNode* theSecondNode1,
                                    const SMDS_MeshNode* theSecondNode2)
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
-  MESSAGE ("::::SewSideElements()");
   if ( theSide1.size() != theSide2.size() )
     return SEW_DIFF_NB_OF_ELEMENTS;
 
@@ -10192,12 +9879,12 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::SewSideElements (TIDSortedElemSet&    theSide1,
 
   if ( faceSet1.size() != faceSet2.size() ) {
     // delete temporary faces: they are in reverseElements of actual nodes
-//    SMDS_FaceIteratorPtr tmpFaceIt = aTmpFacesMesh.facesIterator();
-//    while ( tmpFaceIt->more() )
-//      aTmpFacesMesh.RemoveElement( tmpFaceIt->next() );
-//    list<const SMDS_MeshElement* >::iterator tmpFaceIt = tempFaceList.begin();
-//    for (; tmpFaceIt !=tempFaceList.end(); ++tmpFaceIt)
-//      aMesh->RemoveElement(*tmpFaceIt);
+    //    SMDS_FaceIteratorPtr tmpFaceIt = aTmpFacesMesh.facesIterator();
+    //    while ( tmpFaceIt->more() )
+    //      aTmpFacesMesh.RemoveElement( tmpFaceIt->next() );
+    //    list<const SMDS_MeshElement* >::iterator tmpFaceIt = tempFaceList.begin();
+    //    for (; tmpFaceIt !=tempFaceList.end(); ++tmpFaceIt)
+    //      aMesh->RemoveElement(*tmpFaceIt);
     MESSAGE("Diff nb of faces");
     return SEW_TOPO_DIFF_SETS_OF_ELEMENTS;
   }
@@ -10336,7 +10023,7 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::SewSideElements (TIDSortedElemSet&    theSide1,
 
   if ( aResult == SEW_OK &&
        ( //linkIt[0] != linkList[0].end() ||
-         !faceSetPtr[0]->empty() || !faceSetPtr[1]->empty() )) {
+        !faceSetPtr[0]->empty() || !faceSetPtr[1]->empty() )) {
     MESSAGE( (linkIt[0] != linkList[0].end()) <<" "<< (faceSetPtr[0]->empty()) <<
              " " << (faceSetPtr[1]->empty()));
     aResult = SEW_TOPO_DIFF_SETS_OF_ELEMENTS;
@@ -10347,9 +10034,9 @@ SMESH_MeshEditor::SewSideElements (TIDSortedElemSet&    theSide1,
   // ====================================================================
 
   // delete temporary faces
-//  SMDS_FaceIteratorPtr tmpFaceIt = aTmpFacesMesh.facesIterator();
-//  while ( tmpFaceIt->more() )
-//    aTmpFacesMesh.RemoveElement( tmpFaceIt->next() );
+  //  SMDS_FaceIteratorPtr tmpFaceIt = aTmpFacesMesh.facesIterator();
+  //  while ( tmpFaceIt->more() )
+  //    aTmpFacesMesh.RemoveElement( tmpFaceIt->next() );
   list<const SMDS_MeshElement* >::iterator tmpFaceIt = tempFaceList.begin();
   for (; tmpFaceIt !=tempFaceList.end(); ++tmpFaceIt)
     aMesh->RemoveElement(*tmpFaceIt);
@@ -10596,7 +10283,7 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::DoubleElements( const TIDSortedElemSet& theElements )
 
   // get an element type and an iterator over elements
 
-  SMDSAbs_ElementType type;
+  SMDSAbs_ElementType type = SMDSAbs_All;
   SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr elemIt;
   vector< const SMDS_MeshElement* > allElems;
   if ( theElements.empty() )
@@ -10614,17 +10301,12 @@ void SMESH_MeshEditor::DoubleElements( const TIDSortedElemSet& theElements )
         type = types[i];
         break;
       }
-    // put all elements in the vector <allElems>
-    allElems.reserve( mesh->GetMeshInfo().NbElements( type ));
     elemIt = mesh->elementsIterator( type );
-    while ( elemIt->more() )
-      allElems.push_back( elemIt->next());
-    elemIt = elemSetIterator( allElems );
   }
   else
   {
     type = (*theElements.begin())->GetType();
-    elemIt = elemSetIterator( theElements );
+    elemIt = SMESHUtils::elemSetIterator( theElements );
   }
 
   // duplicate elements
@@ -10661,8 +10343,7 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::DoubleNodes( const TIDSortedElemSet& theElems,
                                     const TIDSortedElemSet& theNodesNot,
                                     const TIDSortedElemSet& theAffectedElems )
 {
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   if ( theElems.size() == 0 )
     return false;
@@ -10698,7 +10379,6 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::doubleNodes(SMESHDS_Mesh*           theMeshDS,
                                    TNodeNodeMap&           theNodeNodeMap,
                                    const bool              theIsDoubleElem )
 {
-  MESSAGE("doubleNodes");
   // iterate through element and duplicate them (by nodes duplication)
   bool res = false;
   std::vector<const SMDS_MeshNode*> newNodes;
@@ -10731,7 +10411,7 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::doubleNodes(SMESHDS_Mesh*           theMeshDS,
         aNewNode = theMeshDS->AddNode( aCurrNode->X(), aCurrNode->Y(), aCurrNode->Z() );
         copyPosition( aCurrNode, aNewNode );
         theNodeNodeMap[ aCurrNode ] = aNewNode;
-        myLastCreatedNodes.Append( aNewNode );
+        myLastCreatedNodes.push_back( aNewNode );
       }
       isDuplicate |= (aCurrNode != aNewNode);
       newNodes[ ind++ ] = aNewNode;
@@ -10763,9 +10443,7 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::doubleNodes(SMESHDS_Mesh*           theMeshDS,
 bool SMESH_MeshEditor::DoubleNodes( const std::list< int >& theListOfNodes,
                                     const std::list< int >& theListOfModifiedElems )
 {
-  MESSAGE("DoubleNodes");
-  myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  myLastCreatedNodes.Clear();
+  ClearLastCreated();
 
   if ( theListOfNodes.size() == 0 )
     return false;
@@ -10793,7 +10471,7 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::DoubleNodes( const std::list< int >& theListOfNodes,
     {
       copyPosition( aNode, aNewNode );
       anOldNodeToNewNode[ aNode ] = aNewNode;
-      myLastCreatedNodes.Append( aNewNode );
+      myLastCreatedNodes.push_back( aNewNode );
     }
   }
 
@@ -10837,10 +10515,9 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::DoubleNodes( const std::list< int >& theListOfNodes,
     const SMDS_MeshElement* anElem = anElemToNodesIter->first;
     vector<const SMDS_MeshNode*> aNodeArr = anElemToNodesIter->second;
     if ( anElem )
-      {
-      MESSAGE("ChangeElementNodes");
+    {
       aMeshDS->ChangeElementNodes( anElem, &aNodeArr[ 0 ], anElem->NbNodes() );
-      }
+    }
   }
 
   return true;
@@ -10850,8 +10527,8 @@ namespace {
 
   //================================================================================
   /*!
-  \brief Check if element located inside shape
-  \return TRUE if IN or ON shape, FALSE otherwise
+    \brief Check if element located inside shape
+    \return TRUE if IN or ON shape, FALSE otherwise
   */
   //================================================================================
 
@@ -10940,15 +10617,13 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::AffectedElemGroupsInRegion( const TIDSortedElemSet& theEl
     // --- iterates on elements to be replicated and get elements by back references from their nodes
 
     TIDSortedElemSet::const_iterator elemItr = theElems.begin();
-    int ielem;
-    for ( ielem=1;  elemItr != theElems.end(); ++elemItr )
+    for ( ;  elemItr != theElems.end(); ++elemItr )
     {
       SMDS_MeshElement* anElem = (SMDS_MeshElement*)*elemItr;
       if (!anElem || (anElem->GetType() != SMDSAbs_Face))
         continue;
       gp_XYZ normal;
       SMESH_MeshAlgos::FaceNormal( anElem, normal, /*normalized=*/true );
-      MESSAGE("element " << ielem++ <<  " normal " << normal.X() << " " << normal.Y() << " " << normal.Z());
       std::set<const SMDS_MeshNode*> nodesElem;
       nodesElem.clear();
       SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr nodeItr = anElem->nodesIterator();
@@ -10960,7 +10635,6 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::AffectedElemGroupsInRegion( const TIDSortedElemSet& theEl
       std::set<const SMDS_MeshNode*>::iterator nodit = nodesElem.begin();
       for (; nodit != nodesElem.end(); nodit++)
       {
-        MESSAGE("  noeud ");
         const SMDS_MeshNode* aNode = *nodit;
         if ( !aNode || theNodesNot.find(aNode) != theNodesNot.end() )
           continue;
@@ -10970,7 +10644,6 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::AffectedElemGroupsInRegion( const TIDSortedElemSet& theEl
         SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr backElemItr = aNode->GetInverseElementIterator();
         while ( backElemItr->more() )
         {
-          MESSAGE("    backelem ");
           const SMDS_MeshElement* curElem = backElemItr->next();
           if (alreadyCheckedElems.find(curElem) != alreadyCheckedElems.end())
             continue;
@@ -10992,10 +10665,8 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::AffectedElemGroupsInRegion( const TIDSortedElemSet& theEl
           p.SetCoord( x/nb -aNode->X(),
                       y/nb -aNode->Y(),
                       z/nb -aNode->Z() );
-          MESSAGE("      check " << p.X() << " " << p.Y() << " " << p.Z());
           if (normal*p > 0)
           {
-            MESSAGE("    --- inserted")
             theAffectedElems.insert( curElem );
           }
           else if (curElem->GetType() == SMDSAbs_Edge)
@@ -11021,7 +10692,6 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::AffectedElemGroupsInRegion( const TIDSortedElemSet& theEl
       }
       if (onside)
       {
-        MESSAGE("    --- edge onside inserted")
         theAffectedElems.insert(anEdge);
       }
     }
@@ -11043,24 +10713,20 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::AffectedElemGroupsInRegion( const TIDSortedElemSet& theEl
 
     // iterates on indicated elements and get elements by back references from their nodes
     TIDSortedElemSet::const_iterator elemItr = theElems.begin();
-    int ielem;
-    for ( ielem = 1;  elemItr != theElems.end(); ++elemItr )
+    for ( ;  elemItr != theElems.end(); ++elemItr )
     {
-      MESSAGE("element " << ielem++);
       SMDS_MeshElement* anElem = (SMDS_MeshElement*)*elemItr;
       if (!anElem)
         continue;
       SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr nodeItr = anElem->nodesIterator();
       while ( nodeItr->more() )
       {
-        MESSAGE("  noeud ");
         const SMDS_MeshNode* aNode = cast2Node(nodeItr->next());
         if ( !aNode || theNodesNot.find(aNode) != theNodesNot.end() )
           continue;
         SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr backElemItr = aNode->GetInverseElementIterator();
         while ( backElemItr->more() )
         {
-          MESSAGE("    backelem ");
           const SMDS_MeshElement* curElem = backElemItr->next();
           if ( curElem && theElems.find(curElem) == theElems.end() &&
               ( bsc3d.get() ?
@@ -11146,10 +10812,6 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::DoubleNodesInRegion( const TIDSortedElemSet& theElems,
  */
 double SMESH_MeshEditor::OrientedAngle(const gp_Pnt& p0, const gp_Pnt& p1, const gp_Pnt& g1, const gp_Pnt& g2)
 {
-//  MESSAGE("    p0: " << p0.X() << " " << p0.Y() << " " << p0.Z());
-//  MESSAGE("    p1: " << p1.X() << " " << p1.Y() << " " << p1.Z());
-//  MESSAGE("    g1: " << g1.X() << " " << g1.Y() << " " << g1.Z());
-//  MESSAGE("    g2: " << g2.X() << " " << g2.Y() << " " << g2.Z());
   gp_Vec vref(p0, p1);
   gp_Vec v1(p0, g1);
   gp_Vec v2(p0, g2);
@@ -11759,7 +11421,7 @@ bool SMESH_MeshEditor::DoubleNodesOnGroupBoundaries( const std::vector<TIDSorted
   }
 
   meshDS->CleanDownWardConnectivity(); // Mesh has been modified, downward connectivity is no more usable, free memory
-  grid->BuildLinks();
+  grid->DeleteLinks();
 
   CHRONOSTOP(50);
   counters::stats();
@@ -12591,7 +12253,7 @@ int SMESH_MeshEditor::MakeBoundaryMesh(const TIDSortedElemSet& elements,
 
   SMDS_ElemIteratorPtr eIt;
   if (elements.empty()) eIt = aMesh->elementsIterator(elemType);
-  else                  eIt = elemSetIterator( elements );
+  else                  eIt = SMESHUtils::elemSetIterator( elements );
 
   while (eIt->more())
   {
@@ -12770,7 +12432,7 @@ int SMESH_MeshEditor::MakeBoundaryMesh(const TIDSortedElemSet& elements,
     else // store present elements to add them to a group
       for ( size_t i = 0 ; i < presentBndElems.size(); ++i )
       {
-        presentEditor->myLastCreatedElems.Append( presentBndElems[ i ]);
+        presentEditor->myLastCreatedElems.push_back( presentBndElems[ i ]);
       }
 
   } // loop on given elements
@@ -12781,11 +12443,11 @@ int SMESH_MeshEditor::MakeBoundaryMesh(const TIDSortedElemSet& elements,
   if ( group )
   {
     if ( SMESHDS_Group* g = dynamic_cast<SMESHDS_Group*>( group->GetGroupDS() ))
-      for ( int i = 0; i < tgtEditor.myLastCreatedElems.Size(); ++i )
-        g->SMDSGroup().Add( tgtEditor.myLastCreatedElems( i+1 ));
+      for ( size_t i = 0; i < tgtEditor.myLastCreatedElems.size(); ++i )
+        g->SMDSGroup().Add( tgtEditor.myLastCreatedElems[ i ]);
   }
-  tgtEditor.myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
-  tgtEditor2.myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
+  tgtEditor.myLastCreatedElems.clear();
+  tgtEditor2.myLastCreatedElems.clear();
 
   // -----------------------
   // 5. Copy given elements
@@ -12793,7 +12455,7 @@ int SMESH_MeshEditor::MakeBoundaryMesh(const TIDSortedElemSet& elements,
   if ( toCopyElements && targetMesh != myMesh )
   {
     if (elements.empty()) eIt = aMesh->elementsIterator(elemType);
-    else                  eIt = elemSetIterator( elements );
+    else                  eIt = SMESHUtils::elemSetIterator( elements );
     while (eIt->more())
     {
       const SMDS_MeshElement* elem = eIt->next();
@@ -12802,7 +12464,7 @@ int SMESH_MeshEditor::MakeBoundaryMesh(const TIDSortedElemSet& elements,
         tgtNodes[inode] = getNodeWithSameID( tgtMeshDS, elem->GetNode(inode) );
       tgtEditor.AddElement( tgtNodes, elemToCopy.Init( elem ));
 
-      tgtEditor.myLastCreatedElems.Clear();
+      tgtEditor.myLastCreatedElems.clear();
     }
   }
   return nbAddedBnd;