3 \page double_nodes_page Duplicate Nodes or/and Elements
5 \n This operation allows duplicating mesh nodes or/and elements, which can be useful to emulate a crack in the model.
7 Duplication consists in creation of mesh elements "equal" to existing ones.
9 <em>To duplicate nodes or/and elements:</em>
11 <li>From the \b Modification menu choose \b Transformation -> <b> Duplicate
12 Nodes or/and Elements </b> item or click <em>"Duplicate Nodes or/and
13 Elements"</em> button in the toolbar.
15 \image html duplicate_nodes.png "Duplicate Nodes or/and Elements button"
17 <li>Check in the dialog box one of four radio buttons corresponding to
18 the type of duplication operation you would like to perform.</li>
19 <li>Fill the other fields available in the dialog box (depending on
20 the chosen operation mode).</li>
21 <li>Click the \b Apply or <b>Apply and Close</b> button to perform the
22 operation of duplication.</li>
25 \n "Duplicate Nodes or/and Elements" dialog has four working modes:
27 <li>\ref mode_without_elem_anchor "Duplicate nodes only"</li>
28 <li>\ref mode_with_elem_anchor "Duplicate nodes and border elements"</li>
29 <li>\ref mode_elem_only_anchor "Duplicate elements only"</li>
30 <li>\ref mode_group_boundary_anchor "Duplicate nodes on group boundaries"</li>
34 \anchor mode_without_elem_anchor
36 <h2>Duplicate nodes only</h2>
38 \image html duplicate01.png
40 Parameters to be defined in this mode:
42 <li><b>Group of nodes to duplicate</b> (<em>mandatory</em>): these
43 nodes will be duplicated.</li>
44 <li><b>Group of elements to replace nodes with new ones</b>
45 (<em>optional</em>): the new nodes will replace the duplicated nodes within these elements.</li>
46 <li><b>Construct group with newly created nodes</b> option
47 (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group with newly
48 created nodes will be built.</li>
50 A schema below illustrates how the crack is emulated using the node duplication.
51 \image html crack_emulation_double_nodes.png "Crack emulation"
52 This schema shows a virtual crack in a 2D mesh created using this duplication
54 - Black balls are <b>duplicated nodes</b>.
55 - Red balls are <b>new nodes</b>.
56 - <b>Elements to replace nodes with new ones</b> are marked with green.
58 Note that in the reality <b>duplicated nodes</b> coincide with <b>new nodes</b>.
61 \anchor mode_with_elem_anchor
64 <h2>Duplicate nodes and border elements</h2>
66 \image html duplicate02.png
68 Parameters to be defined in this mode:
70 <li><b>Group of elements to duplicate</b> (<em>mandatory</em>): these
71 elements will be duplicated.</li>
72 <li><b>Group of nodes not to duplicate</b> (<em>optional</em>):
73 group of nodes at crack bottom which will not be duplicated.</li>
74 <li><b>Group of elements to replace nodes with new ones</b>
75 (<em>mandatory</em>): the new nodes will replace the nodes to
76 duplicate within these elements.</li>
77 <li><b>Construct group with newly created elements</b> option
78 (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group of newly created
79 elements will be built.</li>
80 <li><b>Construct group with newly created nodes</b> option
81 (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group of newly
82 created nodes will be built.</li>
85 A schema below explains the crack emulation using the node duplication
87 \image html crack_emulation_double_nodes_with_elems.png "Crack emulation"
88 This schema shows a virtual crack in a 2D mesh created using this duplication
90 - Black segments are <b>duplicated elements</b> (edges in 2D case).
91 - Black balls (except for the lowest one) are duplicated nodes of <b>duplicated elements</b>.
92 - The lowest black ball is the <b>non-duplicated node</b>.
93 - Red balls are <b>newly created nodes</b>.
94 - Red segments are <b>created elements</b> (edges).
95 - <b>Elements to replace nodes with new ones</b> are marked with green.
97 Note that in the reality <b>nodes to duplicate</b> coincide with <b>new nodes</b>.
99 In a 3D case, where <b>elements to duplicate</b> are faces, the edges
100 located at the "crack" (if any) are cloned automatically.
103 \anchor mode_elem_only_anchor
104 <h2>Duplicate elements only</h2>
106 This mode duplicates the given elements, i.e. creates new elements with the same nodes as the given elements.
109 \image html duplicate03.png
111 Parameters to be defined in this mode:
113 <li><b>Group of elements to duplicate</b> (<em>mandatory</em>): these
114 elements will be duplicated.</li>
115 <li><b>Construct group with newly created elements</b> option
116 (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group of newly created
117 elements will be built. The name of the created group starts from
118 "DoubleElements".</li>
122 \anchor mode_group_boundary_anchor
123 <h2>Duplicate nodes on group boundaries</h2>
125 This mode duplicates nodes located on boundaries between given groups of volumes.
129 \image html duplicate04.png
131 Parameters to be defined in this mode:
133 <li><b>Groups (faces or volumes) </b> (<em>mandatory</em>): list of mesh
134 groups. These groups should be disjoint, i.e. should not have shared
136 <li> If <b>Create joint elements</b> option is activated, flat
137 elements are created on the duplicated nodes: a triangular facet
138 shared by two volumes of two groups generates a flat prism, a
139 quadrangular facet generates a flat hexahedron.
140 Correspondingly 2D joint elements (null area faces) are generated
141 where edges are shared by two faces.
143 The created flat volumes (or faces) are stored in groups. These groups are named
144 according to the position of the group in the list of groups: group
145 "j_n_p" is a group of flat elements that are built between the group \#n
146 and the group \#p in the group list. All flat elements are gathered
147 into the group named "joints3D" (correspondingly "joints2D"). The flat elements of multiple
148 junctions between the simple junction are stored in a group named
149 "jointsMultiples".</li>
150 <li> If <b>On all boundaries</b> option is activated, the volumes (or faces),
151 which are not included into <b>Groups</b> input, are considered
152 as another group and thus the nodes on the boundary
153 between <b>Groups</b> and the remaining mesh are also
157 <br><b>See Also</b> a sample TUI Script of a
158 \ref tui_duplicate_nodes "Duplicate nodes or/and elements" operation.