\page double_nodes_page Duplicate Nodes or/and Elements
-\n This operation allows to duplicate nodes or/and elements of your mesh.
-Duplication of nodes can be useful to emulate a crack in the model.
-Duplication consists in creation of mesh element "equal" to existing ones.
+\n This operation allows duplicating mesh nodes or/and elements, which can be useful to emulate a crack in the model.
+
+Duplication consists in creation of mesh elements "equal" to existing ones.
<em>To duplicate nodes or/and elements:</em>
<ol>
<br>
\image html duplicate_nodes.png "Duplicate Nodes or/and Elements button"
</li>
-<li>Check in the dialog box one of three radio buttons corresponding to
+<li>Check in the dialog box one of four radio buttons corresponding to
the type of duplication operation you would like to perform.</li>
<li>Fill the other fields available in the dialog box (depending on
the chosen operation mode).</li>
operation of duplication.</li>
</ol>
-\n "Duplicate Nodes or/and Elements" dialog has three working modes:
+\n "Duplicate Nodes or/and Elements" dialog has four working modes:
<ul>
<li>\ref mode_without_elem_anchor "Duplicate nodes only"</li>
<li>\ref mode_with_elem_anchor "Duplicate nodes and border elements"</li>
<li>\ref mode_elem_only_anchor "Duplicate elements only"</li>
+<li>\ref mode_group_boundary_anchor "Duplicate nodes on group boundaries"</li>
</ul>
<br>
\anchor mode_without_elem_anchor
-<h2>Duplicate nodes only</h2>
-In this mode the dialog looks like:
+<h2>Duplicate nodes only</h2>
\image html duplicate01.png
<li><b>Group of nodes to duplicate</b> (<em>mandatory</em>): these
nodes will be duplicated.</li>
<li><b>Group of elements to replace nodes with new ones</b>
- (<em>optional</em>): the new nodes will replace the nodes to
- duplicate within these elements.</li>
+ (<em>optional</em>): the new nodes will replace the duplicated nodes within these elements.</li>
<li><b>Construct group with newly created nodes</b> option
- (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group with just
+ (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group with newly
created nodes will be built.</li>
</ul>
-A schema below explains the crack emulation using the node duplication.
+A schema below illustrates how the crack is emulated using the node duplication.
\image html crack_emulation_double_nodes.png "Crack emulation"
This schema shows a virtual crack in a 2D mesh created using this duplication
-mode. In this schema:
-- Black balls are <b>nodes to duplicate</b>.
+mode:
+- Black balls are <b>duplicated nodes</b>.
- Red balls are <b>new nodes</b>.
- <b>Elements to replace nodes with new ones</b> are marked with green.
-Note that in reality <b>nodes to duplicate</b> coincide with <b>new nodes</b>.
-
+Note that in the reality <b>duplicated nodes</b> coincide with <b>new nodes</b>.
<br>
\anchor mode_with_elem_anchor
-<h2>Duplicate nodes and border elements</h2>
-In this mode the dialog looks like:
+
+<h2>Duplicate nodes and border elements</h2>
\image html duplicate02.png
(<em>mandatory</em>): the new nodes will replace the nodes to
duplicate within these elements.</li>
<li><b>Construct group with newly created elements</b> option
- (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group of just created
+ (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group of newly created
elements will be built.</li>
<li><b>Construct group with newly created nodes</b> option
- (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group of just
+ (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group of newly
created nodes will be built.</li>
</ul>
\image html crack_emulation_double_nodes_with_elems.png "Crack emulation"
This schema shows a virtual crack in a 2D mesh created using this duplication
mode. In this schema:
-- Black segments are <b>elements to duplicate</b> (edges in 2D case).
-- Black balls (except the lowest one) are nodes of <b>elements to
- duplicate</b> that are duplicated.
-- The lowest black ball is a <b>node not to duplicate</b>.
-- Red balls are <b>creates nodes</b>.
+- Black segments are <b>duplicated elements</b> (edges in 2D case).
+- Black balls (except for the lowest one) are duplicated nodes of <b>duplicated elements</b>.
+- The lowest black ball is the <b>non-duplicated node</b>.
+- Red balls are <b>newly created nodes</b>.
- Red segments are <b>created elements</b> (edges).
- <b>Elements to replace nodes with new ones</b> are marked with green.
-Note that in reality <b>nodes to duplicate</b> coincide with <b>new nodes</b>.
+Note that in the reality <b>nodes to duplicate</b> coincide with <b>new nodes</b>.
<br>
In a 3D case, where <b>elements to duplicate</b> are faces, the edges
located at the "crack" (if any) are cloned automatically.
\anchor mode_elem_only_anchor
<h2>Duplicate elements only</h2>
-This mode just duplicates given elements, i.e. creates new elements on
-the same nodes as the given elements.
+This mode duplicates the given elements, i.e. creates new elements with the same nodes as the given elements.
<br>
-In this mode the dialog looks like:
\image html duplicate03.png
Parameters to be defined in this mode:
<ul>
-<li><b>Group of elements to duplicate</b> (<em>mandatory</em>): these
- elements will be duplicated.</li>
-<li><b>Construct group with newly created elements</b> option
- (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group of just created
- elements will be built. A name of the created group starts from
- "DoubleElements".</li>
+ <li><b>Group of elements to duplicate</b> (<em>mandatory</em>): these
+ elements will be duplicated.</li>
+ <li><b>Construct group with newly created elements</b> option
+ (<em>checked by default</em>): if checked - the group of newly created
+ elements will be built. The name of the created group starts from
+ "DoubleElements".</li>
</ul>
+<br>
+\anchor mode_group_boundary_anchor
+<h2>Duplicate nodes on group boundaries</h2>
+
+This mode duplicates nodes located on boundaries between given groups of volumes.
+
+<br>
+
+\image html duplicate04.png
+
+Parameters to be defined in this mode:
+<ul>
+ <li><b>Groups (faces or volumes) </b> (<em>mandatory</em>): list of mesh
+ groups. These groups should be disjoint, i.e. should not have shared
+ elements.</li>
+ <li> If <b>Create joint elements</b> option is activated, flat
+ elements are created on the duplicated nodes: a triangular facet
+ shared by two volumes of two groups generates a flat prism, a
+ quadrangular facet generates a flat hexahedron.
+ Correspondingly 2D joint elements (null area faces) are generated
+ where edges are shared by two faces.
+ <br>
+ The created flat volumes (or faces) are stored in groups. These groups are named
+ according to the position of the group in the list of groups: group
+ "j_n_p" is a group of flat elements that are built between the group \#n
+ and the group \#p in the group list. All flat elements are gathered
+ into the group named "joints3D" (correspondingly "joints2D"). The flat elements of multiple
+ junctions between the simple junction are stored in a group named
+ "jointsMultiples".</li>
+ <li> If <b>On all boundaries</b> option is activated, the volumes (or faces),
+ which are not included into <b>Groups</b> input, are considered
+ as another group and thus the nodes on the boundary
+ between <b>Groups</b> and the remaining mesh are also
+ duplicated.</li>
+</ul>
<br><b>See Also</b> a sample TUI Script of a
\ref tui_duplicate_nodes "Duplicate nodes or/and elements" operation.
