From: vsr <vsr@opencascade.com>
Date: Wed, 2 Apr 2014 10:21:13 +0000 (+0400)
Subject: merge commit 108d739460
X-Git-Tag: V7_3_0_WIN^0
X-Git-Url: http://git.salome-platform.org/gitweb/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=212e2d2bd1eafadd48b0a607bb8c451ef2f85943;p=tools%2Fmedcoupling.git

merge commit 108d739460
---

diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/ExprEval/InterpKernelExprParser.cxx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/ExprEval/InterpKernelExprParser.cxx
index 42630e3ab..5a9437a57 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/ExprEval/InterpKernelExprParser.cxx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/ExprEval/InterpKernelExprParser.cxx
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ LeafExprVar::~LeafExprVar()
 {
 }
 
-ExprParser::ExprParser(const char *expr, ExprParser *father):_father(father),_is_parsed(false),_leaf(0),_is_parsing_ok(false),_expr(expr)
+ExprParser::ExprParser(const std::string& expr, ExprParser *father):_father(father),_is_parsed(false),_leaf(0),_is_parsing_ok(false),_expr(expr)
 {
   _expr=deleteWhiteSpaces(_expr);
 }
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/ExprEval/InterpKernelExprParser.hxx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/ExprEval/InterpKernelExprParser.hxx
index 85c4ac35b..a5730415b 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/ExprEval/InterpKernelExprParser.hxx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/ExprEval/InterpKernelExprParser.hxx
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
   class ExprParser
   {
   public:
-    INTERPKERNEL_EXPORT ExprParser(const char *expr, ExprParser *father=0);
+    INTERPKERNEL_EXPORT ExprParser(const std::string& expr, ExprParser *father=0);
     INTERPKERNEL_EXPORT ExprParser(const char *expr, int lgth, ExprParser *father=0);
     INTERPKERNEL_EXPORT ~ExprParser();
     INTERPKERNEL_EXPORT void parse();
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation.hxx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation.hxx
index a9402871f..77022c356 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation.hxx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation.hxx
@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
     int interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& meshS, const MyMeshType& meshT, MatrixType& result)
     { return asLeaf().interpolateMeshes(meshS,meshT,result); }
     template<class MyMeshType, class MatrixType>
-    int fromIntegralUniform(const MyMeshType& meshT, MatrixType& result, const char *method) { return fromToIntegralUniform(false,meshT,result,method); }
+    int fromIntegralUniform(const MyMeshType& meshT, MatrixType& result, const std::string& method) { return fromToIntegralUniform(false,meshT,result,method); }
     template<class MyMeshType, class MatrixType>
-    int toIntegralUniform(const MyMeshType& meshS, MatrixType& result, const char *method) { return fromToIntegralUniform(true,meshS,result,method); }
+    int toIntegralUniform(const MyMeshType& meshS, MatrixType& result, const std::string& method) { return fromToIntegralUniform(true,meshS,result,method); }
     template<class MyMeshType>
     static double CalculateCharacteristicSizeOfMeshes(const MyMeshType& myMeshS, const MyMeshType& myMeshT, const int printLevel);
   protected:
     template<class MyMeshType, class MatrixType>
-    int fromToIntegralUniform(bool fromTo, const MyMeshType& mesh, MatrixType& result, const char *method);
+    int fromToIntegralUniform(bool fromTo, const MyMeshType& mesh, MatrixType& result, const std::string& method);
   protected:
     TrueMainInterpolator& asLeaf() { return static_cast<TrueMainInterpolator&>(*this); }
   };
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation.txx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation.txx
index e9d435d38..ee8587760 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation.txx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation.txx
@@ -29,12 +29,11 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
 { 
   template<class TrueMainInterpolator>
   template<class MyMeshType, class MatrixType>
-  int Interpolation<TrueMainInterpolator>::fromToIntegralUniform(bool fromTo, const MyMeshType& mesh, MatrixType& result, const char *method)
+  int Interpolation<TrueMainInterpolator>::fromToIntegralUniform(bool fromTo, const MyMeshType& mesh, MatrixType& result, const std::string& method)
   {
     typedef typename MyMeshType::MyConnType ConnType;
-    std::string methodCPP(method);
     int ret=-1;
-    if(methodCPP=="P0")
+    if(method=="P0")
       {
         IntegralUniformIntersectorP0<MyMeshType,MatrixType> intersector(mesh,InterpolationOptions::getMeasureAbsStatus());
         intersector.setFromTo(fromTo);
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
         intersector.intersectCells(0,tmp,result);
         ret=intersector.getNumberOfColsOfResMatrix();
       }
-    else if(methodCPP=="P1")
+    else if(method=="P1")
       {
         IntegralUniformIntersectorP1<MyMeshType,MatrixType> intersector(mesh,InterpolationOptions::getMeasureAbsStatus());
         intersector.setFromTo(fromTo);
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation2D1D.hxx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation2D1D.hxx
index 686d7d6fa..5121674cd 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation2D1D.hxx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation2D1D.hxx
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
 
     // Main function to interpolate triangular and quadratic meshes
     template<class MyMeshType, class MatrixType>
-    int interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& meshS, const MyMeshType& meshT, MatrixType& result, const char *method);
+    int interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& meshS, const MyMeshType& meshT, MatrixType& result, const std::string& method);
     DuplicateFacesType retrieveDuplicateFaces() const
     {
       return _duplicate_faces;
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation2D1D.txx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation2D1D.txx
index 365e697f6..7f4283eac 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation2D1D.txx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation2D1D.txx
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
       *
       */
   template<class MyMeshType, class MatrixType>
-  int Interpolation2D1D::interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& myMeshS, const MyMeshType& myMeshT, MatrixType& result, const char *method)
+  int Interpolation2D1D::interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& myMeshS, const MyMeshType& myMeshT, MatrixType& result, const std::string& method)
   {
     static const int SPACEDIM=MyMeshType::MY_SPACEDIM;
     typedef typename MyMeshType::MyConnType ConnType;
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D.hxx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D.hxx
index ddebd1827..d3732c56d 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D.hxx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D.hxx
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
     Interpolation3D();
     Interpolation3D(const InterpolationOptions& io);
     template<class MyMeshType, class MatrixType>
-    int interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& srcMesh, const MyMeshType& targetMesh, MatrixType& result, const char *method);
+    int interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& srcMesh, const MyMeshType& targetMesh, MatrixType& result, const std::string& method);
   private:
     SplittingPolicy _splitting_policy;
   };
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D.txx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D.txx
index 851cb7902..67327f861 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D.txx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D.txx
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 // See http://www.salome-platform.org/ or email : webmaster.salome@opencascade.com
 //
 // Author : Anthony Geay (CEA/DEN)
+
 #ifndef __INTERPOLATION3D_TXX__
 #define __INTERPOLATION3D_TXX__
 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
    *
    */
   template<class MyMeshType, class MatrixType>
-  int Interpolation3D::interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& srcMesh, const MyMeshType& targetMesh, MatrixType& result, const char *method)
+  int Interpolation3D::interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& srcMesh, const MyMeshType& targetMesh, MatrixType& result, const std::string& method)
   {
     typedef typename MyMeshType::MyConnType ConnType;
     // create MeshElement objects corresponding to each element of the two meshes
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D2D.hxx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D2D.hxx
index 75bebaee8..8ece823b0 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D2D.hxx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D2D.hxx
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
     int interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& srcMesh,
                           const MyMeshType& targetMesh,
                           MyMatrixType& matrix,
-                          const char *method);
+                          const std::string& method);
     INTERPKERNEL_EXPORT DuplicateFacesType retrieveDuplicateFaces() const { return _duplicate_faces; }
   private:
     SplittingPolicy _splitting_policy;
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D2D.txx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D2D.txx
index b84b992ad..77878cf19 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D2D.txx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/Interpolation3D2D.txx
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
   int Interpolation3D2D::interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& srcMesh,
                                            const MyMeshType& targetMesh,
                                            MyMatrixType& matrix,
-                                           const char *method)
+                                           const std::string& method)
   {
     typedef typename MyMeshType::MyConnType ConnType;
     // create MeshElement objects corresponding to each element of the two meshes
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationCurve.hxx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationCurve.hxx
index 36aaa086b..a952bd8f5 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationCurve.hxx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationCurve.hxx
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
     // Main function to interpolate
     template<class MyMeshType, class MatrixType>
     int interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& meshS, const MyMeshType& meshT,
-                          MatrixType& result, const char *method);
+                          MatrixType& result, const std::string& method);
     
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationCurve.txx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationCurve.txx
index cd9e00355..111515ffb 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationCurve.txx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationCurve.txx
@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
       */
   template<class RealCurve>
   template<class MyMeshType, class MatrixType>
-  int InterpolationCurve<RealCurve>::interpolateMeshes (const MyMeshType& myMeshS,
-                                                        const MyMeshType& myMeshT,
-                                                        MatrixType&       result,
-                                                        const char *      method)
+  int InterpolationCurve<RealCurve>::interpolateMeshes (const MyMeshType&  myMeshS,
+                                                        const MyMeshType&  myMeshT,
+                                                        MatrixType&        result,
+                                                        const std::string& method)
   {
     static const int SPACEDIM=MyMeshType::MY_SPACEDIM;
     typedef typename MyMeshType::MyConnType ConnType;
@@ -88,8 +88,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
     long nbMailleT = myMeshT.getNumberOfElements();
     
     CurveIntersector<MyMeshType,MatrixType>* intersector=0;
-    std::string meth(method);
-    if(meth=="P0P0")
+    if(method=="P0P0")
       {
         intersector = new CurveIntersectorP0P0<MyMeshType,MatrixType>
           (myMeshT, myMeshS,
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
            InterpolationOptions::getMedianPlane(),
            InterpolationOptions::getPrintLevel());
       }
-    else if(meth=="P0P1")
+    else if(method=="P0P1")
       {
         intersector = new CurveIntersectorP0P1<MyMeshType,MatrixType>
           (myMeshT, myMeshS,
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
            InterpolationOptions::getMedianPlane(),
            InterpolationOptions::getPrintLevel());
       }
-    else if(meth=="P1P0")
+    else if(method=="P1P0")
       {
         intersector = new CurveIntersectorP1P0<MyMeshType,MatrixType>
           (myMeshT, myMeshS,
@@ -116,7 +115,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
            InterpolationOptions::getMedianPlane(),
            InterpolationOptions::getPrintLevel());
       }
-    else if(meth=="P1P1")
+    else if(method=="P1P1")
       {
         intersector = new CurveIntersectorP1P1<MyMeshType,MatrixType>
           (myMeshT, myMeshS,
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationOptions.cxx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationOptions.cxx
index 43d2e4222..ebd37d1a1 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationOptions.cxx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationOptions.cxx
@@ -286,19 +286,18 @@ std::string INTERP_KERNEL::InterpolationOptions::printOptions() const
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void INTERP_KERNEL::InterpolationOptions::CheckAndSplitInterpolationMethod(const char *method, std::string& srcMeth, std::string& trgMeth)
+void INTERP_KERNEL::InterpolationOptions::CheckAndSplitInterpolationMethod(const std::string& method, std::string& srcMeth, std::string& trgMeth)
 {
   const int NB_OF_METH_MANAGED=4;
   const char *METH_MANAGED[NB_OF_METH_MANAGED]={"P0P0","P0P1","P1P0","P1P1"};
-  std::string methodC(method);
   bool found=false;
   for(int i=0;i<NB_OF_METH_MANAGED && !found;i++)
-    found=(methodC==METH_MANAGED[i]);
+    found=(method==METH_MANAGED[i]);
   if(!found)
     {
       std::string msg("The interpolation method : \'"); msg+=method; msg+="\' not managed by INTERP_KERNEL interpolators ! Supported are \"P0P0\", \"P0P1\", \"P1P0\" and \"P1P1\".";
       throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(msg.c_str());
     }
-  srcMeth=methodC.substr(0,2);
-  trgMeth=methodC.substr(2);
+  srcMeth=method.substr(0,2);
+  trgMeth=method.substr(2);
 }
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationOptions.hxx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationOptions.hxx
index a37fbf6dd..9b11b0ced 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationOptions.hxx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationOptions.hxx
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
     bool setOptionString(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
     std::string printOptions() const;
   public:
-    static void CheckAndSplitInterpolationMethod(const char *method, std::string& srcMeth, std::string& trgMeth);
+    static void CheckAndSplitInterpolationMethod(const std::string& method, std::string& srcMeth, std::string& trgMeth);
   private:
     static const double DFT_MEDIAN_PLANE;
     static const double DFT_SURF3D_ADJ_EPS;
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationPlanar.hxx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationPlanar.hxx
index 431c4c886..744846e67 100755
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationPlanar.hxx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationPlanar.hxx
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
     
     // Main function to interpolate triangular and quadratic meshes
     template<class MyMeshType, class MatrixType>
-    int interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& meshS, const MyMeshType& meshT, MatrixType& result, const char *method);
+    int interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& meshS, const MyMeshType& meshT, MatrixType& result, const std::string& method);
   public:
     bool doRotate() const { return asLeafInterpPlanar().doRotate(); }
     double medianPlane() const { return asLeafInterpPlanar().medianPlane(); }
diff --git a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationPlanar.txx b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationPlanar.txx
index 13a6817c3..73b2e9d31 100644
--- a/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationPlanar.txx
+++ b/src/INTERP_KERNEL/InterpolationPlanar.txx
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 // See http://www.salome-platform.org/ or email : webmaster.salome@opencascade.com
 //
 // Author : Anthony Geay (CEA/DEN)
+
 #ifndef __INTERPOLATIONPLANAR_TXX__
 #define __INTERPOLATIONPLANAR_TXX__
 
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ namespace INTERP_KERNEL
       */
   template<class RealPlanar>
   template<class MyMeshType, class MatrixType>
-  int InterpolationPlanar<RealPlanar>::interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& myMeshS, const MyMeshType& myMeshT, MatrixType& result, const char *method)
+  int InterpolationPlanar<RealPlanar>::interpolateMeshes(const MyMeshType& myMeshS, const MyMeshType& myMeshT, MatrixType& result, const std::string& method)
   {
     static const int SPACEDIM=MyMeshType::MY_SPACEDIM;
     typedef typename MyMeshType::MyConnType ConnType;
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCoupling1GTUMesh.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCoupling1GTUMesh.cxx
index ca92e2fa0..9328df367 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCoupling1GTUMesh.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCoupling1GTUMesh.cxx
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ MEDCoupling1GTUMesh::MEDCoupling1GTUMesh()
 {
 }
 
-MEDCoupling1GTUMesh::MEDCoupling1GTUMesh(const char *name, const INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel& cm):_cm(&cm)
+MEDCoupling1GTUMesh::MEDCoupling1GTUMesh(const std::string& name, const INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel& cm):_cm(&cm)
 {
   setName(name);
 }
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ MEDCoupling1GTUMesh::MEDCoupling1GTUMesh(const MEDCoupling1GTUMesh& other, bool
 {
 }
 
-MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *MEDCoupling1GTUMesh::New(const char *name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type)
+MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *MEDCoupling1GTUMesh::New(const std::string& name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type)
 {
   if(type==INTERP_KERNEL::NORM_ERROR)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCoupling1GTUMesh::New : NORM_ERROR is not a valid type to be used as base geometric type for a mesh !");
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDCoupling1GTUMesh::AggregateOnSameCoordsToUMesh(const std::v
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCoupling1GTUMesh::AggregateOnSameCoordsToUMesh : the first instance in input parts is null !");
   const DataArrayDouble *coords(firstPart->getCoords());
   int meshDim(firstPart->getMeshDimension());
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> ret(MEDCouplingUMesh::New(firstPart->getName().c_str(),meshDim)); ret->setDescription(firstPart->getDescription().c_str());
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> ret(MEDCouplingUMesh::New(firstPart->getName(),meshDim)); ret->setDescription(firstPart->getDescription());
   ret->setCoords(coords);
   int nbOfCells(0),connSize(0);
   for(std::vector< const MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *>::const_iterator it=parts.begin();it!=parts.end();it++)
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh(const MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh& other, bo
     }
 }
 
-MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh(const char *name, const INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel& cm):MEDCoupling1GTUMesh(name,cm)
+MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh(const std::string& name, const INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel& cm):MEDCoupling1GTUMesh(name,cm)
 {
 }
 
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New()
   return new MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh;
 }
 
-MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New(const char *name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type)
+MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New(const std::string& name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type)
 {
   if(type==INTERP_KERNEL::NORM_ERROR)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New : NORM_ERROR is not a valid type to be used as base geometric type for a mesh !");
@@ -501,8 +501,8 @@ MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New(const MEDCouplingUMesh *m)
   if(gts.size()!=1)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New : input mesh must have exactly one geometric type !");
   int geoType((int)*gts.begin());
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh> ret(MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New(m->getName().c_str(),*gts.begin()));
-  ret->setCoords(m->getCoords()); ret->setDescription(m->getDescription().c_str());
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh> ret(MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New(m->getName(),*gts.begin()));
+  ret->setCoords(m->getCoords()); ret->setDescription(m->getDescription());
   int nbCells(m->getNumberOfCells());
   int nbOfNodesPerCell(ret->getNumberOfNodesPerCell());
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> conn(DataArrayInt::New()); conn->alloc(nbCells*nbOfNodesPerCell,1);
@@ -949,7 +949,7 @@ MEDCouplingMesh *MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::mergeMyselfWith(const MEDCouplingMesh *ot
 
 MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::buildUnstructured() const
 {
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> ret=MEDCouplingUMesh::New(getName().c_str(),getMeshDimension());
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> ret=MEDCouplingUMesh::New(getName(),getMeshDimension());
   ret->setCoords(getCoords());
   const int *nodalConn=_conn->begin();
   int nbCells=getNumberOfCells();
@@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::Merge1SGTUMeshesLL(std::vector<const
 MEDCouplingPointSet *MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::buildPartOfMySelfKeepCoords(const int *begin, const int *end) const
 {
   int ncell=getNumberOfCells();
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh> ret(new MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh(getName().c_str(),*_cm));
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh> ret(new MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh(getName(),*_cm));
   ret->setCoords(_coords);
   std::size_t nbOfElemsRet=std::distance(begin,end);
   const int *inConn=_conn->getConstPointer();
@@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ MEDCouplingPointSet *MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::buildPartOfMySelfKeepCoords2(int star
 {
   int ncell=getNumberOfCells();
   int nbOfElemsRet=DataArray::GetNumberOfItemGivenBESRelative(start,end,step,"MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::buildPartOfMySelfKeepCoords2 : ");
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh> ret(new MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh(getName().c_str(),*_cm));
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh> ret(new MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh(getName(),*_cm));
   ret->setCoords(_coords);
   const int *inConn=_conn->getConstPointer();
   int sz=getNumberOfNodesPerCell();
@@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ void MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::computeNodeIdsAlg(std::vector<bool>& nodeIdsInUse) co
 
 MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::buildSetInstanceFromThis(int spaceDim) const
 {
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh> ret(new MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh(getName().c_str(),*_cm));
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh> ret(new MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh(getName(),*_cm));
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> tmp1;
   const DataArrayInt *nodalConn(_conn);
   if(!nodalConn)
@@ -1442,9 +1442,9 @@ void MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::unserialization(const std::vector<double>& tinyInfoD,
 {
   INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType gt((INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType)tinyInfo[0]);
   _cm=&INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel::GetCellModel(gt);
-  setName(littleStrings[0].c_str());
-  setDescription(littleStrings[1].c_str());
-  setTimeUnit(littleStrings[2].c_str());
+  setName(littleStrings[0]);
+  setDescription(littleStrings[1]);
+  setTimeUnit(littleStrings[2]);
   setTime(tinyInfoD[0],tinyInfo[1],tinyInfo[2]);
   int sz0(tinyInfo[3]),sz1(tinyInfo[4]),sz2(tinyInfo[5]),sz3(tinyInfo[6]);
   //
@@ -1648,7 +1648,7 @@ MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::explodeEachHexa8To6Quad4() const
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::explodeEachHexa8To6Quad4 : this method can be applied only on HEXA8 mesh !");
   int nbHexa8(getNumberOfCells());
   const int *inConnPtr(getNodalConnectivity()->begin());
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh> ret(MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New(getName().c_str(),INTERP_KERNEL::NORM_QUAD4));
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh> ret(MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New(getName(),INTERP_KERNEL::NORM_QUAD4));
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> c(DataArrayInt::New()); c->alloc(nbHexa8*6*4,1);
   int *cPtr(c->getPointer());
   for(int i=0;i<nbHexa8;i++,inConnPtr+=8)
@@ -1838,7 +1838,7 @@ MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::computeDualMesh3D() const
   std::vector<const DataArrayDouble *> v(4); v[0]=getCoords(); v[1]=facesBaryArr; v[2]=edgesBaryArr; v[3]=baryArr;
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayDouble> zeArr(DataArrayDouble::Aggregate(v)); baryArr=0; edgesBaryArr=0; facesBaryArr=0;
   std::string name("DualOf_"); name+=getName();
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh> ret(MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::New(name.c_str(),INTERP_KERNEL::NORM_POLYHED)); ret->setCoords(zeArr);
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh> ret(MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::New(name,INTERP_KERNEL::NORM_POLYHED)); ret->setCoords(zeArr);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> cArr(DataArrayInt::New()),ciArr(DataArrayInt::New()); ciArr->alloc(nbOfNodes+1,1); ciArr->setIJ(0,0,0); cArr->alloc(0,1);
   for(int i=0;i<nbOfNodes;i++,revNodI++)
     {
@@ -1910,7 +1910,7 @@ MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::computeDualMesh2D() const
   std::vector<const DataArrayDouble *> v(3); v[0]=getCoords(); v[1]=edgesBaryArr; v[2]=baryArr;
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayDouble> zeArr(DataArrayDouble::Aggregate(v)); baryArr=0; edgesBaryArr=0;
   std::string name("DualOf_"); name+=getName();
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh> ret(MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::New(name.c_str(),INTERP_KERNEL::NORM_POLYGON)); ret->setCoords(zeArr);
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh> ret(MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::New(name,INTERP_KERNEL::NORM_POLYGON)); ret->setCoords(zeArr);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> cArr(DataArrayInt::New()),ciArr(DataArrayInt::New()); ciArr->alloc(nbOfNodes+1,1); ciArr->setIJ(0,0,0); cArr->alloc(0,1);
   for(int i=0;i<nbOfNodes;i++,revNodI++)
     {
@@ -2011,7 +2011,7 @@ MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::New()
   return new MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh;
 }
 
-MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::New(const char *name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type)
+MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::New(const std::string& name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type)
 {
   if(type==INTERP_KERNEL::NORM_ERROR)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::New : NORM_ERROR is not a valid type to be used as base geometric type for a mesh !");
@@ -2028,7 +2028,7 @@ MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh()
 {
 }
 
-MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(const char *name, const INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel& cm):MEDCoupling1GTUMesh(name,cm)
+MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(const std::string& name, const INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel& cm):MEDCoupling1GTUMesh(name,cm)
 {
 }
 
@@ -2624,7 +2624,7 @@ MEDCouplingMesh *MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::mergeMyselfWith(const MEDCouplingMesh *ot
 
 MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::buildUnstructured() const
 {
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> ret=MEDCouplingUMesh::New(getName().c_str(),getMeshDimension());
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> ret=MEDCouplingUMesh::New(getName(),getMeshDimension());
   ret->setCoords(getCoords());
   const int *nodalConn=_conn->begin(),*nodalConnI=_conn_indx->begin();
   int nbCells=getNumberOfCells();//checkCoherency
@@ -2710,7 +2710,7 @@ MEDCouplingPointSet *MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::mergeMyselfWithOnSameCoords(const MED
 MEDCouplingPointSet *MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::buildPartOfMySelfKeepCoords(const int *begin, const int *end) const
 {
   checkCoherency();
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh> ret(new MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(getName().c_str(),*_cm));
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh> ret(new MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(getName(),*_cm));
   ret->setCoords(_coords);
   DataArrayInt *c=0,*ci=0;
   MEDCouplingUMesh::ExtractFromIndexedArrays(begin,end,_conn,_conn_indx,c,ci);
@@ -2722,7 +2722,7 @@ MEDCouplingPointSet *MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::buildPartOfMySelfKeepCoords(const int
 MEDCouplingPointSet *MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::buildPartOfMySelfKeepCoords2(int start, int end, int step) const
 {
   checkCoherency();
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh> ret(new MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(getName().c_str(),*_cm));
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh> ret(new MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(getName(),*_cm));
   ret->setCoords(_coords);
   DataArrayInt *c=0,*ci=0;
   MEDCouplingUMesh::ExtractFromIndexedArrays2(start,end,step,_conn,_conn_indx,c,ci);
@@ -2900,9 +2900,9 @@ void MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::unserialization(const std::vector<double>& tinyInfoD,
 {
   INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType gt((INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType)tinyInfo[0]);
   _cm=&INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel::GetCellModel(gt);
-  setName(littleStrings[0].c_str());
-  setDescription(littleStrings[1].c_str());
-  setTimeUnit(littleStrings[2].c_str());
+  setName(littleStrings[0]);
+  setDescription(littleStrings[1]);
+  setTimeUnit(littleStrings[2]);
   setTime(tinyInfoD[0],tinyInfo[1],tinyInfo[2]);
   int sz0(tinyInfo[3]),sz1(tinyInfo[4]),sz2(tinyInfo[5]),sz3(tinyInfo[6]),sz4(tinyInfo[7]),sz5(tinyInfo[8]);
   //
@@ -3139,7 +3139,7 @@ DataArrayInt *MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::getNodalConnectivityIndex() const
  */
 MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::copyWithNodalConnectivityPacked(bool& isShallowCpyOfNodalConnn) const
 {
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh> ret(new MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(getName().c_str(),*_cm));
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh> ret(new MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(getName(),*_cm));
   DataArrayInt *nc=0,*nci=0;
   isShallowCpyOfNodalConnn=retrievePackedNodalConnectivity(nc,nci);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> ncs(nc),ncis(nci);
@@ -3322,7 +3322,7 @@ MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::Merge1DGTUMeshesLL(std::vector<const
 
 MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::buildSetInstanceFromThis(int spaceDim) const
 {
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh> ret(new MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(getName().c_str(),*_cm));
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh> ret(new MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(getName(),*_cm));
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> tmp1,tmp2;
   const DataArrayInt *nodalConn(_conn),*nodalConnI(_conn_indx);
   if(!nodalConn)
@@ -3481,8 +3481,8 @@ MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::New(const MEDCouplingUMesh *m)
   if(gts.size()!=1)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::New : input mesh must have exactly one geometric type !");
   int geoType((int)*gts.begin());
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh> ret(MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::New(m->getName().c_str(),*gts.begin()));
-  ret->setCoords(m->getCoords()); ret->setDescription(m->getDescription().c_str());
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh> ret(MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::New(m->getName(),*gts.begin()));
+  ret->setCoords(m->getCoords()); ret->setDescription(m->getDescription());
   int nbCells(m->getNumberOfCells());
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> conn(DataArrayInt::New()),connI(DataArrayInt::New());
   conn->alloc(m->getMeshLength()-nbCells,1); connI->alloc(nbCells+1,1);
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCoupling1GTUMesh.hxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCoupling1GTUMesh.hxx
index 805ba002d..32414fb04 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCoupling1GTUMesh.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCoupling1GTUMesh.hxx
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDCoupling1GTUMesh : public MEDCouplingPointSet
   {
   public:
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *New(const char *name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *New(const std::string& name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *New(const MEDCouplingUMesh *m);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT const INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel& getCellModel() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType getCellModelEnum() const;
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual DataArrayInt *getNodalConnectivity() const = 0;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void checkCoherencyOfConnectivity() const = 0;
   protected:
-    MEDCoupling1GTUMesh(const char *name, const INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel& cm);
+    MEDCoupling1GTUMesh(const std::string& name, const INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel& cm);
     MEDCoupling1GTUMesh(const MEDCoupling1GTUMesh& other, bool recDeepCpy);
     MEDCoupling1GTUMesh();
   protected:
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh : public MEDCoupling1GTUMesh
   {
   public:
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *New(const char *name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *New(const std::string& name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *New(const MEDCouplingUMesh *m);
     //! useless constructor only for CORBA -> not swigged
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *New();
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void unserialization(const std::vector<double>& tinyInfoD, const std::vector<int>& tinyInfo, const DataArrayInt *a1, DataArrayDouble *a2,
                                             const std::vector<std::string>& littleStrings);
   private:
-    MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh(const char *name, const INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel& cm);
+    MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh(const std::string& name, const INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel& cm);
     MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh(const MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh& other, bool recDeepCpy);
     MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh();
   private:
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh : public MEDCoupling1GTUMesh
   {
   public:
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *New(const char *name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *New(const std::string& name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *New(const MEDCouplingUMesh *m);
     //! useless constructor only for CORBA -> not swigged
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *New();
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void unserialization(const std::vector<double>& tinyInfoD, const std::vector<int>& tinyInfo, const DataArrayInt *a1, DataArrayDouble *a2,
                                             const std::vector<std::string>& littleStrings);
   private:
-    MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(const char *name, const INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel& cm);
+    MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(const std::string& name, const INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel& cm);
     MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(const MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh& other, bool recDeepCpy);
     MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh();
   private:
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCMesh.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCMesh.cxx
index 0a2878258..f60436c7a 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCMesh.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCMesh.cxx
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ MEDCouplingCMesh *MEDCouplingCMesh::New()
   return new MEDCouplingCMesh;
 }
 
-MEDCouplingCMesh *MEDCouplingCMesh::New(const char *meshName)
+MEDCouplingCMesh *MEDCouplingCMesh::New(const std::string& meshName)
 {
   MEDCouplingCMesh *ret=new MEDCouplingCMesh;
   ret->setName(meshName);
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingCMesh::getMeasureField(bool isAbs) const
   name+=getName();
   int nbelem=getNumberOfCells();
   MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field=MEDCouplingFieldDouble::New(ON_CELLS,ONE_TIME);
-  field->setName(name.c_str());
+  field->setName(name);
   DataArrayDouble* array=DataArrayDouble::New();
   array->alloc(nbelem,1);
   double *area_vol=array->getPointer();
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ DataArrayDouble *MEDCouplingCMesh::getCoordinatesAndOwner() const
   for(int j=0;j<spaceDim;j++)
     {
       tabsPtr[j]=tabs[j]->getConstPointer();
-      ret->setInfoOnComponent(j,tabs[j]->getInfoOnComponent(0).c_str());
+      ret->setInfoOnComponent(j,tabs[j]->getInfoOnComponent(0));
     }
   int tmp2[3];
   for(int i=0;i<nbNodes;i++)
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ DataArrayDouble *MEDCouplingCMesh::getBarycenterAndOwner() const
   for(int j=0;j<spaceDim;j++)
     {
       int sz=tabs[j]->getNbOfElems()-1;
-      ret->setInfoOnComponent(j,tabs[j]->getInfoOnComponent(0).c_str());
+      ret->setInfoOnComponent(j,tabs[j]->getInfoOnComponent(0));
       const double *srcPtr=tabs[j]->getConstPointer();
       tabsPtr[j].insert(tabsPtr[j].end(),srcPtr,srcPtr+sz);
       std::transform(tabsPtr[j].begin(),tabsPtr[j].end(),srcPtr+1,tabsPtr[j].begin(),std::plus<double>());
@@ -837,9 +837,9 @@ void MEDCouplingCMesh::serialize(DataArrayInt *&a1, DataArrayDouble *&a2) const
 void MEDCouplingCMesh::unserialization(const std::vector<double>& tinyInfoD, const std::vector<int>& tinyInfo, const DataArrayInt *a1, DataArrayDouble *a2,
                                        const std::vector<std::string>& littleStrings)
 {
-  setName(littleStrings[0].c_str());
-  setDescription(littleStrings[1].c_str());
-  setTimeUnit(littleStrings[2].c_str());
+  setName(littleStrings[0]);
+  setDescription(littleStrings[1]);
+  setTimeUnit(littleStrings[2]);
   DataArrayDouble **thisArr[3]={&_x_array,&_y_array,&_z_array};
   const double *data=a2->getConstPointer();
   for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ void MEDCouplingCMesh::unserialization(const std::vector<double>& tinyInfoD, con
         {
           (*(thisArr[i]))=DataArrayDouble::New();
           (*(thisArr[i]))->alloc(tinyInfo[i],1);
-          (*(thisArr[i]))->setInfoOnComponent(0,littleStrings[i+3].c_str());
+          (*(thisArr[i]))->setInfoOnComponent(0,littleStrings[i+3]);
           std::copy(data,data+tinyInfo[i],(*(thisArr[i]))->getPointer());
           data+=tinyInfo[i];
         }
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCMesh.hxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCMesh.hxx
index 5a6cc2576..0a503fe97 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCMesh.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCMesh.hxx
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCouplingCMesh *New();
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCouplingCMesh *New(const char *meshName);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCouplingCMesh *New(const std::string& meshName);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT MEDCouplingMesh *deepCpy() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT MEDCouplingCMesh *clone(bool recDeepCpy) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void updateTime() const;
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh.cxx
index 6dc3063da..e8e1aa467 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh.cxx
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh::New()
   return new MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh;
 }
 
-MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh::New(const char *meshName)
+MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh::New(const std::string& meshName)
 {
   MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *ret=new MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh;
   ret->setName(meshName);
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh::getMeasureField(bool isAbs)
   int meshDim=getMeshDimension();
   std::string name="MeasureOfMesh_"; name+=getName();
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> field=MEDCouplingFieldDouble::New(ON_CELLS,ONE_TIME);
-  field->setName(name.c_str()); field->setMesh(const_cast<MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *>(this)); field->synchronizeTimeWithMesh();
+  field->setName(name); field->setMesh(const_cast<MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *>(this)); field->synchronizeTimeWithMesh();
   switch(meshDim)
     {
     case 3:
@@ -878,9 +878,9 @@ void MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh::serialize(DataArrayInt *&a1, DataArrayDouble *&
 void MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh::unserialization(const std::vector<double>& tinyInfoD, const std::vector<int>& tinyInfo, const DataArrayInt *a1, DataArrayDouble *a2,
                                                  const std::vector<std::string>& littleStrings)
 {
-  setName(littleStrings[0].c_str());
-  setDescription(littleStrings[1].c_str());
-  setTimeUnit(littleStrings[2].c_str());
+  setName(littleStrings[0]);
+  setDescription(littleStrings[1]);
+  setTimeUnit(littleStrings[2]);
   setTime(tinyInfoD[0],tinyInfo[0],tinyInfo[1]);
   int sz=tinyInfo[2];
   _structure.resize(sz);
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh.hxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh.hxx
index 46a09bfdf..faba1c7b4 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh.hxx
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *New();
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *New(const char *meshName);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *New(const std::string& meshName);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT MEDCouplingMesh *deepCpy() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *clone(bool recDeepCpy) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void updateTime() const;
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingExtrudedMesh.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingExtrudedMesh.cxx
index 3658b43be..4c2be1426 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingExtrudedMesh.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingExtrudedMesh.cxx
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ try:_mesh2D(const_cast<MEDCouplingUMesh *>(mesh2D)),_mesh1D(MEDCouplingUMesh::Ne
   if(_mesh2D!=0)
     _mesh2D->incrRef();
   computeExtrusion(mesh3D);
-  setName(mesh3D->getName().c_str());
+  setName(mesh3D->getName());
 }
 catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
   {
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDCouplingExtrudedMesh::build3DUnstructuredMesh() const
   MEDCouplingUMesh *ret=_mesh2D->buildExtrudedMesh(_mesh1D,0);
   const int *renum=_mesh3D_ids->getConstPointer();
   ret->renumberCells(renum,false);
-  ret->setName(getName().c_str());
+  ret->setName(getName());
   return ret;
 }
 
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingExtrudedMesh::getMeasureField(bool) const
       retPtr[renum[i*nbOf2DCells+j]]=ret2DPtr[j]*ret1DPtr[i];
   ret->setArray(da);
   da->decrRef();
-  ret->setName(name.c_str());
+  ret->setName(name);
   ret2D->decrRef();
   ret1D->decrRef();
   return ret;
@@ -897,8 +897,8 @@ void MEDCouplingExtrudedMesh::serialize(DataArrayInt *&a1, DataArrayDouble *&a2)
 
 void MEDCouplingExtrudedMesh::unserialization(const std::vector<double>& tinyInfoD, const std::vector<int>& tinyInfo, const DataArrayInt *a1, DataArrayDouble *a2, const std::vector<std::string>& littleStrings)
 {
-  setName(littleStrings[littleStrings.size()-2].c_str());
-  setDescription(littleStrings.back().c_str());
+  setName(littleStrings[littleStrings.size()-2]);
+  setDescription(littleStrings.back());
   std::size_t sz=tinyInfo.size();
   int sz1=tinyInfo[sz-2];
   _cell_2D_id=tinyInfo[sz-3];
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingField.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingField.cxx
index 3f50f4c57..55b6e0b98 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingField.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingField.cxx
@@ -590,8 +590,8 @@ void MEDCouplingField::copyTinyStringsFrom(const MEDCouplingField *other)
 {
   if(other)
     {
-      setName(other->_name.c_str());
-      setDescription(other->_desc.c_str());    
+      setName(other->_name);
+      setDescription(other->_desc);    
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingField.hxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingField.hxx
index 8b2117c26..d857aceb9 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingField.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingField.hxx
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void copyTinyStringsFrom(const MEDCouplingField *other);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setMesh(const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *mesh);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *getMesh() const { return _mesh; }
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setName(const char *name) { _name=name; }
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setName(const std::string& name) { _name=name; }
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string getDescription() const { return _desc; }
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setDescription(const char *desc) { _desc=desc; }
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setDescription(const std::string& desc) { _desc=desc; }
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string getName() const { return _name; }
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT TypeOfField getTypeOfField() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT NatureOfField getNature() const;
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization.cxx
index 50ed785a0..38edd3bb5 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization.cxx
@@ -120,18 +120,17 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization *MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization::New(TypeOfField
     }
 }
 
-TypeOfField MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization::GetTypeOfFieldFromStringRepr(const char *repr)
+TypeOfField MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization::GetTypeOfFieldFromStringRepr(const std::string& repr)
 {
-  std::string reprCpp(repr);
-  if(reprCpp==MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationP0::REPR)
+  if(repr==MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationP0::REPR)
     return MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationP0::TYPE;
-  if(reprCpp==MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationP1::REPR)
+  if(repr==MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationP1::REPR)
     return MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationP1::TYPE;
-  if(reprCpp==MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationGauss::REPR)
+  if(repr==MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationGauss::REPR)
     return MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationGauss::TYPE;
-  if(reprCpp==MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationGaussNE::REPR)
+  if(repr==MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationGaussNE::REPR)
     return MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationGaussNE::TYPE;
-  if(reprCpp==MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationKriging::REPR)
+  if(repr==MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationKriging::REPR)
     return MEDCouplingFieldDiscretizationKriging::TYPE;
   throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("Representation does not match with any field discretization !");
 }
@@ -381,7 +380,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization::getCellIdsHavingGaussLocalization(int locId
   throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("Invalid method for the corresponding field discretization : available only for GaussPoint discretization !");
 }
 
-void MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization::RenumberEntitiesFromO2NArr(double eps, const int *old2NewPtr, int newNbOfEntity, DataArrayDouble *arr, const char *msg)
+void MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization::RenumberEntitiesFromO2NArr(double eps, const int *old2NewPtr, int newNbOfEntity, DataArrayDouble *arr, const std::string& msg)
 {
   if(!arr)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization::RenumberEntitiesFromO2NArr : input array is NULL !");
@@ -419,7 +418,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization::RenumberEntitiesFromO2NArr(double eps, cons
     }
 }
 
-void MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization::RenumberEntitiesFromN2OArr(const int *new2OldPtr, int new2OldSz, DataArrayDouble *arr, const char *msg)
+void MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization::RenumberEntitiesFromN2OArr(const int *new2OldPtr, int new2OldSz, DataArrayDouble *arr, const std::string& msg)
 {
   int nbOfComp=arr->getNumberOfComponents();
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayDouble> arrCpy=arr->deepCpy();
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization.hxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization.hxx
index a6f895b89..315fe9107 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization.hxx
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void updateTime() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static TypeOfField GetTypeOfFieldFromStringRepr(const char *repr);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static TypeOfField GetTypeOfFieldFromStringRepr(const std::string& repr);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual TypeOfField getEnum() const = 0;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual bool isEqual(const MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization *other, double eps) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual bool isEqualIfNotWhy(const MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization *other, double eps, std::string& reason) const = 0;
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual ~MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization();
   protected:
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization();
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static void RenumberEntitiesFromO2NArr(double epsOnVals, const int *old2NewPtr, int newNbOfEntity, DataArrayDouble *arr, const char *msg);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static void RenumberEntitiesFromN2OArr(const int *new2OldPtr, int new2OldSz, DataArrayDouble *arr, const char *msg);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static void RenumberEntitiesFromO2NArr(double epsOnVals, const int *old2NewPtr, int newNbOfEntity, DataArrayDouble *arr, const std::string& msg);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static void RenumberEntitiesFromN2OArr(const int *new2OldPtr, int new2OldSz, DataArrayDouble *arr, const std::string& msg);
   protected:
     double _precision;
     static const double DFLT_PRECISION;
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDouble.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDouble.cxx
index 097e3a788..a65a8f93a 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDouble.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDouble.cxx
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingFieldDouble::New(const MEDCouplingFieldTempla
  * Sets a time \a unit of \a this field. For more info, see \ref MEDCouplingFirstSteps3.
  * \param [in] unit \a unit (string) in which time is measured.
  */
-void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::setTimeUnit(const char *unit)
+void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::setTimeUnit(const std::string& unit)
 {
   _time_discr->setTimeUnit(unit);
 }
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::setTimeUnit(const char *unit)
  * Returns a time unit of \a this field.
  * \return a string describing units in which time is measured.
  */
-const char *MEDCouplingFieldDouble::getTimeUnit() const
+std::string MEDCouplingFieldDouble::getTimeUnit() const
 {
   return _time_discr->getTimeUnit();
 }
@@ -212,8 +212,8 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingFieldDouble::buildNewTimeReprFromThis(TypeOfT
     disc=_type->clone();
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=new MEDCouplingFieldDouble(getNature(),tdo,disc.retn());
   ret->setMesh(getMesh());
-  ret->setName(getName().c_str());
-  ret->setDescription(getDescription().c_str());
+  ret->setName(getName());
+  ret->setDescription(getDescription());
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ std::string MEDCouplingFieldDouble::advancedRepr() const
   return ret.str();
 }
 
-void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::writeVTK(const char *fileName, bool isBinary) const
+void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::writeVTK(const std::string& fileName, bool isBinary) const
 {
   std::vector<const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> fs(1,this);
   MEDCouplingFieldDouble::WriteVTK(fileName,fs,isBinary);
@@ -1471,7 +1471,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic(int nbOfComp, FunctionToEvaluate f
  *  \ref cpp_mcfielddouble_fillFromAnalytic "Here is a C++ example".<br>
  *  \ref  py_mcfielddouble_fillFromAnalytic "Here is a Python example".
  */
-void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func)
 {
   if(!_mesh)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic : no mesh defined !");
@@ -1486,7 +1486,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
  * The function is applied to coordinates of value location points. For example, if
  * \a this field is on cells, the function is applied to cell barycenters.<br>
  * This method differs from
- * \ref ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic(int nbOfComp, const char *func) "fillFromAnalytic()"
+ * \ref ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) "fillFromAnalytic()"
  * by the way how variable
  * names, used in the function, are associated with components of coordinates of field
  * location points; here, a variable name corresponding to a component is retrieved from
@@ -1518,7 +1518,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
  *  \ref cpp_mcfielddouble_fillFromAnalytic2 "Here is a C++ example".<br>
  *  \ref  py_mcfielddouble_fillFromAnalytic2 "Here is a Python example".
  */
-void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic2(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic2(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func)
 {
   if(!_mesh)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic2 : no mesh defined !");
@@ -1533,7 +1533,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic2(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
  * The function is applied to coordinates of value location points. For example, if
  * \a this field is on cells, the function is applied to cell barycenters.<br>
  * This method differs from
- * \ref ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic(int nbOfComp, const char *func) "fillFromAnalytic()"
+ * \ref ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) "fillFromAnalytic()"
  * by the way how variable
  * names, used in the function, are associated with components of coordinates of field
  * location points; here, a component index of a variable is defined by a
@@ -1565,7 +1565,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic2(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
  *  \ref cpp_mcfielddouble_fillFromAnalytic3 "Here is a C++ example".<br>
  *  \ref  py_mcfielddouble_fillFromAnalytic3 "Here is a Python example".
  */
-void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func)
 {
   if(!_mesh)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCouplingFieldDouble::fillFromAnalytic2 : no mesh defined !");
@@ -1642,7 +1642,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, double val)
  *  \ref cpp_mcfielddouble_applyFunc "Here is a C++ example".<br>
  *  \ref  py_mcfielddouble_applyFunc "Here is a Python example".
  */
-void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func)
 {
   _time_discr->applyFunc(nbOfComp,func);
 }
@@ -1654,7 +1654,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
  * For more info on supported expressions that can be used in the function, see \ref
  * MEDCouplingArrayApplyFuncExpr. <br>
  * This method differs from
- * \ref ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const char *func) "applyFunc()"
+ * \ref ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) "applyFunc()"
  * by the way how variable
  * names, used in the function, are associated with components of field values;
  * here, a variable name corresponding to a component is retrieved from
@@ -1680,7 +1680,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
  *  \ref cpp_mcfielddouble_applyFunc2 "Here is a C++ example".<br>
  *  \ref  py_mcfielddouble_applyFunc2 "Here is a Python example".
  */
-void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func)
 {
   _time_discr->applyFunc2(nbOfComp,func);
 }
@@ -1689,7 +1689,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
  * Modifies values of \a this field by applying a function to each tuple of all
  * data arrays.
  * This method differs from
- * \ref ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const char *func) "applyFunc()"
+ * \ref ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) "applyFunc()"
  * by the way how variable
  * names, used in the function, are associated with components of field values;
  * here, a component index of a variable is defined by a
@@ -1717,7 +1717,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
  *  \ref cpp_mcfielddouble_applyFunc3 "Here is a C++ example".<br>
  *  \ref  py_mcfielddouble_applyFunc3 "Here is a Python example".
  */
-void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func)
 {
   _time_discr->applyFunc3(nbOfComp,varsOrder,func);
 }
@@ -1747,7 +1747,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::str
  *  \ref cpp_mcfielddouble_applyFunc_same_nb_comp "Here is a C++ example".<br>
  *  \ref  py_mcfielddouble_applyFunc_same_nb_comp "Here is a Python example".
  */
-void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc(const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc(const std::string& func)
 {
   _time_discr->applyFunc(func);
 }
@@ -1757,7 +1757,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFunc(const char *func)
  * The field will contain exactly the same number of components after the call.
  * Use is not warranted for the moment !
  */
-void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFuncFast32(const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFuncFast32(const std::string& func)
 {
   _time_discr->applyFuncFast32(func);
 }
@@ -1767,7 +1767,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFuncFast32(const char *func)
  * The field will contain exactly the same number of components after the call.
  * Use is not warranted for the moment !
  */
-void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFuncFast64(const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::applyFuncFast64(const std::string& func)
 {
   _time_discr->applyFuncFast64(func);
 }
@@ -1875,7 +1875,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::synchronizeTimeWithMesh()
   double val=_mesh->getTime(it,ordr);
   std::string timeUnit(_mesh->getTimeUnit());
   setTime(val,it,ordr);
-  setTimeUnit(timeUnit.c_str());
+  setTimeUnit(timeUnit);
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -2024,7 +2024,7 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::finishUnserialization(const std::vector<int>& tinyI
   int nbOfElemS=(int)tinyInfoS.size();
   _name=tinyInfoS[nbOfElemS-3];
   _desc=tinyInfoS[nbOfElemS-2];
-  setTimeUnit(tinyInfoS[nbOfElemS-1].c_str());
+  setTimeUnit(tinyInfoS[nbOfElemS-1]);
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -2556,7 +2556,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingFieldDouble::maxPerTuple() const
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=new MEDCouplingFieldDouble(getNature(),td,_type->clone());
   std::ostringstream oss;
   oss << "Max_" << getName();
-  ret->setName(oss.str().c_str());
+  ret->setName(oss.str());
   ret->setMesh(getMesh());
   return ret.retn();
 }
@@ -2595,7 +2595,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingFieldDouble::keepSelectedComponents(const std
   MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization *td=_time_discr->keepSelectedComponents(compoIds);
   td->copyTinyAttrFrom(*_time_discr);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=new MEDCouplingFieldDouble(getNature(),td,_type->clone());
-  ret->setName(getName().c_str());
+  ret->setName(getName());
   ret->setMesh(getMesh());
   return ret.retn();
 }
@@ -2656,8 +2656,8 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingFieldDouble::MergeFields(const MEDCouplingFie
   MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization *td=f1->_time_discr->aggregate(f2->_time_discr);
   td->copyTinyAttrFrom(*f1->_time_discr);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=new MEDCouplingFieldDouble(f1->getNature(),td,f1->_type->clone());
-  ret->setName(f1->getName().c_str());
-  ret->setDescription(f1->getDescription().c_str());
+  ret->setName(f1->getName());
+  ret->setDescription(f1->getDescription());
   if(m1)
     {
       MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingMesh> m=m1->mergeMyselfWith(m2);
@@ -2708,8 +2708,8 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingFieldDouble::MergeFields(const std::vector<co
   MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization *td=tds[0]->aggregate(tds);
   td->copyTinyAttrFrom(*(a[0]->_time_discr));
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=new MEDCouplingFieldDouble(a[0]->getNature(),td,a[0]->_type->clone());
-  ret->setName(a[0]->getName().c_str());
-  ret->setDescription(a[0]->getDescription().c_str());
+  ret->setName(a[0]->getName());
+  ret->setDescription(a[0]->getDescription());
   if(ms2[0])
     {
       MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> m=MEDCouplingUMesh::MergeUMeshes(ms2);
@@ -3137,7 +3137,7 @@ const MEDCouplingFieldDouble &MEDCouplingFieldDouble::operator^=(const MEDCoupli
  *  \ref cpp_mcfielddouble_WriteVTK "Here is a C++ example".<br>
  *  \ref  py_mcfielddouble_WriteVTK "Here is a Python example".
  */
-void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::WriteVTK(const char *fileName, const std::vector<const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *>& fs, bool isBinary)
+void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::WriteVTK(const std::string& fileName, const std::vector<const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *>& fs, bool isBinary)
 {
   if(fs.empty())
     return;
@@ -3167,9 +3167,9 @@ void MEDCouplingFieldDouble::WriteVTK(const char *fileName, const std::vector<co
         }
       TypeOfField typ=cur->getTypeOfField();
       if(typ==ON_CELLS)
-        cur->getArray()->writeVTK(coss,8,cur->getName().c_str(),byteArr);
+        cur->getArray()->writeVTK(coss,8,cur->getName(),byteArr);
       else if(typ==ON_NODES)
-        cur->getArray()->writeVTK(noss,8,cur->getName().c_str(),byteArr);
+        cur->getArray()->writeVTK(noss,8,cur->getName(),byteArr);
       else
         throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCouplingFieldDouble::WriteVTK : only node and cell fields supported for the moment !");
     }
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDouble.hxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDouble.hxx
index b64819edc..fd8d1540f 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDouble.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingFieldDouble.hxx
@@ -35,15 +35,15 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   public:
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCouplingFieldDouble *New(TypeOfField type, TypeOfTimeDiscretization td=ONE_TIME);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCouplingFieldDouble *New(const MEDCouplingFieldTemplate& ft, TypeOfTimeDiscretization td=ONE_TIME);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setTimeUnit(const char *unit);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT const char *getTimeUnit() const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setTimeUnit(const std::string& unit);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string getTimeUnit() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void synchronizeTimeWithSupport();
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void copyTinyStringsFrom(const MEDCouplingField *other);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void copyTinyAttrFrom(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *other);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void copyAllTinyAttrFrom(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *other);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string simpleRepr() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string advancedRepr() const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void writeVTK(const char *fileName, bool isBinary=true) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void writeVTK(const std::string& fileName, bool isBinary=true) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT bool isEqualIfNotWhy(const MEDCouplingField *other, double meshPrec, double valsPrec, std::string& reason) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT bool isEqualWithoutConsideringStr(const MEDCouplingField *other, double meshPrec, double valsPrec) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT bool areCompatibleForMerge(const MEDCouplingField *other) const;
@@ -116,17 +116,17 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyLin(double a, double b, int compoId);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble &operator=(double value) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void fillFromAnalytic(int nbOfComp, FunctionToEvaluate func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void fillFromAnalytic(int nbOfComp, const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void fillFromAnalytic2(int nbOfComp, const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void fillFromAnalytic3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void fillFromAnalytic(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void fillFromAnalytic2(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void fillFromAnalytic3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFunc(int nbOfComp, FunctionToEvaluate func);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFunc(int nbOfComp, double val);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFunc(const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFuncFast32(const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFuncFast64(const char *func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFunc(const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFuncFast32(const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFuncFast64(const std::string& func);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT int getNumberOfComponents() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT int getNumberOfTuples() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT int getNumberOfValues() const;
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *operator^(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble& other) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT const MEDCouplingFieldDouble &operator^=(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble& other) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCouplingFieldDouble *PowFields(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f1, const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f2);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static void WriteVTK(const char *fileName, const std::vector<const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *>& fs, bool isBinary=true);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static void WriteVTK(const std::string& fileName, const std::vector<const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *>& fs, bool isBinary=true);
   public:
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT const MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization *getTimeDiscretizationUnderGround() const { return _time_discr; }
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization *getTimeDiscretizationUnderGround() { return _time_discr; }
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMemArray.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMemArray.cxx
index ff071afa6..0d5d059a0 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMemArray.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMemArray.cxx
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> DataArray::getDirectChildren() const
  * See \ref MEDCouplingArrayBasicsName "DataArrays infos" for more information.
  *  \param [in] name - new array name
  */
-void DataArray::setName(const char *name)
+void DataArray::setName(const std::string& name)
 {
   _name=name;
 }
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ void DataArray::copyPartOfStringInfoFrom(const DataArray& other, const std::vect
         throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
       }
   for(std::size_t i=0;i<newNbOfCompo;i++)
-    setInfoOnComponent((int)i,other.getInfoOnComponent(compoIds[i]).c_str());
+    setInfoOnComponent((int)i,other.getInfoOnComponent(compoIds[i]));
 }
 
 void DataArray::copyPartOfStringInfoFrom2(const std::vector<int>& compoIds, const DataArray& other)
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ void DataArray::copyPartOfStringInfoFrom2(const std::vector<int>& compoIds, cons
         throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
       }
   for(std::size_t i=0;i<partOfCompoToSet;i++)
-    setInfoOnComponent(compoIds[i],other.getInfoOnComponent((int)i).c_str());
+    setInfoOnComponent(compoIds[i],other.getInfoOnComponent((int)i));
 }
 
 bool DataArray::areInfoEqualsIfNotWhy(const DataArray& other, std::string& reason) const
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ void DataArray::reprWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const
   stream << "\n";
 }
 
-std::string DataArray::cppRepr(const char *varName) const
+std::string DataArray::cppRepr(const std::string& varName) const
 {
   std::ostringstream ret;
   reprCppStream(varName,ret);
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ DataArray *DataArray::Aggregate(const std::vector<const DataArray *>& arrs)
  *  \param [in] info - the string containing the information.
  *  \throw If \a i is not a valid component index.
  */
-void DataArray::setInfoOnComponent(int i, const char *info)
+void DataArray::setInfoOnComponent(int i, const std::string& info)
 {
   if(i<(int)_info_on_compo.size() && i>=0)
     _info_on_compo[i]=info;
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ void DataArray::setInfoAndChangeNbOfCompo(const std::vector<std::string>& info)
     _info_on_compo=info;
 }
 
-void DataArray::checkNbOfTuples(int nbOfTuples, const char *msg) const
+void DataArray::checkNbOfTuples(int nbOfTuples, const std::string& msg) const
 {
   if(getNumberOfTuples()!=nbOfTuples)
     {
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ void DataArray::checkNbOfTuples(int nbOfTuples, const char *msg) const
     }
 }
 
-void DataArray::checkNbOfComps(int nbOfCompo, const char *msg) const
+void DataArray::checkNbOfComps(int nbOfCompo, const std::string& msg) const
 {
   if(getNumberOfComponents()!=nbOfCompo)
     {
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ void DataArray::checkNbOfComps(int nbOfCompo, const char *msg) const
     }
 }
 
-void DataArray::checkNbOfElems(std::size_t nbOfElems, const char *msg) const
+void DataArray::checkNbOfElems(std::size_t nbOfElems, const std::string& msg) const
 {
   if(getNbOfElems()!=nbOfElems)
     {
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ void DataArray::checkNbOfElems(std::size_t nbOfElems, const char *msg) const
     }
 }
 
-void DataArray::checkNbOfTuplesAndComp(const DataArray& other, const char *msg) const
+void DataArray::checkNbOfTuplesAndComp(const DataArray& other, const std::string& msg) const
 {
    if(getNumberOfTuples()!=other.getNumberOfTuples())
     {
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ void DataArray::checkNbOfTuplesAndComp(const DataArray& other, const char *msg)
     }
 }
 
-void DataArray::checkNbOfTuplesAndComp(int nbOfTuples, int nbOfCompo, const char *msg) const
+void DataArray::checkNbOfTuplesAndComp(int nbOfTuples, int nbOfCompo, const std::string& msg) const
 {
   checkNbOfTuples(nbOfTuples,msg);
   checkNbOfComps(nbOfCompo,msg);
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ void DataArray::checkNbOfTuplesAndComp(int nbOfTuples, int nbOfCompo, const char
 /*!
  * Simply this method checks that \b value is in [0,\b ref).
  */
-void DataArray::CheckValueInRange(int ref, int value, const char *msg)
+void DataArray::CheckValueInRange(int ref, int value, const std::string& msg)
 {
   if(value<0 || value>=ref)
     {
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ void DataArray::CheckValueInRange(int ref, int value, const char *msg)
  * This method checks that [\b start, \b end) is compliant with ref length \b value.
  * typicaly start in [0,\b value) and end in [0,\b value). If value==start and start==end, it is supported.
  */
-void DataArray::CheckValueInRangeEx(int value, int start, int end, const char *msg)
+void DataArray::CheckValueInRangeEx(int value, int start, int end, const std::string& msg)
 {
   if(start<0 || start>=value)
     {
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ void DataArray::CheckValueInRangeEx(int value, int start, int end, const char *m
     }
 }
 
-void DataArray::CheckClosingParInRange(int ref, int value, const char *msg)
+void DataArray::CheckClosingParInRange(int ref, int value, const std::string& msg)
 {
   if(value<0 || value>ref)
     {
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ void DataArray::GetSlice(int start, int stop, int step, int sliceId, int nbOfSli
     stopSlice=stop;
 }
 
-int DataArray::GetNumberOfItemGivenBES(int begin, int end, int step, const char *msg)
+int DataArray::GetNumberOfItemGivenBES(int begin, int end, int step, const std::string& msg)
 {
   if(end<begin)
     {
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ int DataArray::GetNumberOfItemGivenBES(int begin, int end, int step, const char
   return (end-1-begin)/step+1;
 }
 
-int DataArray::GetNumberOfItemGivenBESRelative(int begin, int end, int step, const char *msg)
+int DataArray::GetNumberOfItemGivenBESRelative(int begin, int end, int step, const std::string& msg)
 {
   if(step==0)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("DataArray::GetNumberOfItemGivenBES : step=0 is not allowed !");
@@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@ std::string DataArrayDouble::reprZip() const
   return ret.str();
 }
 
-void DataArrayDouble::writeVTK(std::ostream& ofs, int indent, const char *nameInFile, DataArrayByte *byteArr) const
+void DataArrayDouble::writeVTK(std::ostream& ofs, int indent, const std::string& nameInFile, DataArrayByte *byteArr) const
 {
   static const char SPACE[4]={' ',' ',' ',' '};
   checkAllocated();
@@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ void DataArrayDouble::reprZipWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const
   _mem.reprZip(getNumberOfComponents(),stream);
 }
 
-void DataArrayDouble::reprCppStream(const char *varName, std::ostream& stream) const
+void DataArrayDouble::reprCppStream(const std::string& varName, std::ostream& stream) const
 {
   int nbTuples=getNumberOfTuples(),nbComp=getNumberOfComponents();
   const double *data=getConstPointer();
@@ -1783,10 +1783,10 @@ DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::changeNbOfComponents(int newNbOfComp, double d
       for(;j<newNbOfComp;j++)
         nc[newNbOfComp*i+j]=dftValue;
     }
-  ret->setName(getName().c_str());
+  ret->setName(getName());
   for(int i=0;i<dim;i++)
-    ret->setInfoOnComponent(i,getInfoOnComponent(i).c_str());
-  ret->setName(getName().c_str());
+    ret->setInfoOnComponent(i,getInfoOnComponent(i));
+  ret->setName(getName());
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
@@ -3536,7 +3536,7 @@ DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::fromCylToCart() const
       w[1]=wIn[0]*sin(wIn[1]);
       w[2]=wIn[2];
     }
-  ret->setInfoOnComponent(2,getInfoOnComponent(2).c_str());
+  ret->setInfoOnComponent(2,getInfoOnComponent(2));
   return ret;
 }
 
@@ -4276,7 +4276,7 @@ DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, FunctionToEvaluate fun
  *  \throw If \a this is not allocated.
  *  \throw If computing \a func fails.
  */
-DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const char *func) const
+DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) const
 {
   checkAllocated();
   INTERP_KERNEL::ExprParser expr(func);
@@ -4330,7 +4330,7 @@ DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const char *func) cons
  *  \throw If \a this is not allocated.
  *  \throw If computing \a func fails.
  */
-DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::applyFunc(const char *func) const
+DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::applyFunc(const std::string& func) const
 {
   checkAllocated();
   INTERP_KERNEL::ExprParser expr(func);
@@ -4376,7 +4376,7 @@ DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::applyFunc(const char *func) const
  *  \throw If \a func contains vars that are not in \a this->getInfoOnComponent().
  *  \throw If computing \a func fails.
  */
-DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const char *func) const
+DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) const
 {
   checkAllocated();
   INTERP_KERNEL::ExprParser expr(func);
@@ -4432,7 +4432,7 @@ DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const char *func) con
  *  \throw If \a func contains vars not in \a varsOrder.
  *  \throw If computing \a func fails.
  */
-DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func) const
+DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func) const
 {
   checkAllocated();
   INTERP_KERNEL::ExprParser expr(func);
@@ -4472,7 +4472,7 @@ DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std
   return newArr;
 }
 
-void DataArrayDouble::applyFuncFast32(const char *func)
+void DataArrayDouble::applyFuncFast32(const std::string& func)
 {
   checkAllocated();
   INTERP_KERNEL::ExprParser expr(func);
@@ -4490,7 +4490,7 @@ void DataArrayDouble::applyFuncFast32(const char *func)
   declareAsNew();
 }
 
-void DataArrayDouble::applyFuncFast64(const char *func)
+void DataArrayDouble::applyFuncFast64(const std::string& func)
 {
   checkAllocated();
   INTERP_KERNEL::ExprParser expr(func);
@@ -4705,7 +4705,7 @@ DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::Meld(const std::vector<const DataArrayDouble *
   int k=0;
   for(int i=0;i<(int)a.size();i++)
     for(int j=0;j<nbc[i];j++,k++)
-      ret->setInfoOnComponent(k,a[i]->getInfoOnComponent(j).c_str());
+      ret->setInfoOnComponent(k,a[i]->getInfoOnComponent(j));
   return ret;
 }
 
@@ -4749,8 +4749,8 @@ DataArrayDouble *DataArrayDouble::Dot(const DataArrayDouble *a1, const DataArray
         sum+=a1Ptr[i*nbOfComp+j]*a2Ptr[i*nbOfComp+j];
       retPtr[i]=sum;
     }
-  ret->setInfoOnComponent(0,a1->getInfoOnComponent(0).c_str());
-  ret->setName(a1->getName().c_str());
+  ret->setInfoOnComponent(0,a1->getInfoOnComponent(0));
+  ret->setName(a1->getName());
   return ret;
 }
 
@@ -5605,12 +5605,12 @@ bool DataArrayDouble::resizeForUnserialization(const std::vector<int>& tinyInfoI
  */
 void DataArrayDouble::finishUnserialization(const std::vector<int>& tinyInfoI, const std::vector<std::string>& tinyInfoS)
 {
-  setName(tinyInfoS[0].c_str());
+  setName(tinyInfoS[0]);
   if(isAllocated())
     {
       int nbOfCompo=getNumberOfComponents();
       for(int i=0;i<nbOfCompo;i++)
-        setInfoOnComponent(i,tinyInfoS[i+1].c_str());
+        setInfoOnComponent(i,tinyInfoS[i+1]);
     }
 }
 
@@ -6028,7 +6028,7 @@ std::string DataArrayInt::reprZip() const
   return ret.str();
 }
 
-void DataArrayInt::writeVTK(std::ostream& ofs, int indent, const char *type, const char *nameInFile, DataArrayByte *byteArr) const
+void DataArrayInt::writeVTK(std::ostream& ofs, int indent, const std::string& type, const std::string& nameInFile, DataArrayByte *byteArr) const
 {
   static const char SPACE[4]={' ',' ',' ',' '};
   checkAllocated();
@@ -6093,7 +6093,7 @@ void DataArrayInt::reprZipWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const
   _mem.reprZip(getNumberOfComponents(),stream);
 }
 
-void DataArrayInt::reprCppStream(const char *varName, std::ostream& stream) const
+void DataArrayInt::reprCppStream(const std::string& varName, std::ostream& stream) const
 {
   int nbTuples=getNumberOfTuples(),nbComp=getNumberOfComponents();
   const int *data=getConstPointer();
@@ -7568,10 +7568,10 @@ DataArrayInt *DataArrayInt::changeNbOfComponents(int newNbOfComp, int dftValue)
       for(;j<newNbOfComp;j++)
         nc[newNbOfComp*i+j]=dftValue;
     }
-  ret->setName(getName().c_str());
+  ret->setName(getName());
   for(int i=0;i<dim;i++)
-    ret->setInfoOnComponent(i,getInfoOnComponent(i).c_str());
-  ret->setName(getName().c_str());
+    ret->setInfoOnComponent(i,getInfoOnComponent(i));
+  ret->setName(getName());
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
@@ -9407,7 +9407,7 @@ DataArrayInt *DataArrayInt::Meld(const std::vector<const DataArrayInt *>& arr)
   int k=0;
   for(int i=0;i<(int)a.size();i++)
     for(int j=0;j<nbc[i];j++,k++)
-      ret->setInfoOnComponent(k,a[i]->getInfoOnComponent(j).c_str());
+      ret->setInfoOnComponent(k,a[i]->getInfoOnComponent(j));
   return ret;
 }
 
@@ -11192,12 +11192,12 @@ bool DataArrayInt::resizeForUnserialization(const std::vector<int>& tinyInfoI)
  */
 void DataArrayInt::finishUnserialization(const std::vector<int>& tinyInfoI, const std::vector<std::string>& tinyInfoS)
 {
-  setName(tinyInfoS[0].c_str());
+  setName(tinyInfoS[0]);
   if(isAllocated())
     {
       int nbOfCompo=tinyInfoI[1];
       for(int i=0;i<nbOfCompo;i++)
-        setInfoOnComponent(i,tinyInfoS[i+1].c_str());
+        setInfoOnComponent(i,tinyInfoS[i+1]);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMemArray.hxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMemArray.hxx
index 3f6e38a89..99895f188 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMemArray.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMemArray.hxx
@@ -117,13 +117,13 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   public:
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setName(const char *name);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setName(const std::string& name);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void copyStringInfoFrom(const DataArray& other);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void copyPartOfStringInfoFrom(const DataArray& other, const std::vector<int>& compoIds);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void copyPartOfStringInfoFrom2(const std::vector<int>& compoIds, const DataArray& other);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT bool areInfoEqualsIfNotWhy(const DataArray& other, std::string& reason) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT bool areInfoEquals(const DataArray& other) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string cppRepr(const char *varName) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string cppRepr(const std::string& varName) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string getName() const { return _name; }
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT const std::vector<std::string> &getInfoOnComponents() const { return _info_on_compo; }
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> &getInfoOnComponents() { return _info_on_compo; }
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string getInfoOnComponent(int i) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string getVarOnComponent(int i) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string getUnitOnComponent(int i) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setInfoOnComponent(int i, const char *info);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setInfoOnComponent(int i, const std::string& info);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT int getNumberOfComponents() const { return (int)_info_on_compo.size(); }
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setPartOfValuesBase3(const DataArray *aBase, const int *bgTuples, const int *endTuples, int bgComp, int endComp, int stepComp, bool strictCompoCompare=true);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual DataArray *deepCpy() const = 0;
@@ -156,14 +156,14 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual DataArray *selectByTupleIdSafe(const int *new2OldBg, const int *new2OldEnd) const = 0;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual DataArray *selectByTupleId2(int bg, int end2, int step) const = 0;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void rearrange(int newNbOfCompo) = 0;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void checkNbOfTuples(int nbOfTuples, const char *msg) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void checkNbOfComps(int nbOfCompo, const char *msg) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void checkNbOfTuplesAndComp(const DataArray& other, const char *msg) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void checkNbOfTuplesAndComp(int nbOfTuples, int nbOfCompo, const char *msg) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void checkNbOfElems(std::size_t nbOfElems, const char *msg) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void checkNbOfTuples(int nbOfTuples, const std::string& msg) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void checkNbOfComps(int nbOfCompo, const std::string& msg) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void checkNbOfTuplesAndComp(const DataArray& other, const std::string& msg) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void checkNbOfTuplesAndComp(int nbOfTuples, int nbOfCompo, const std::string& msg) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void checkNbOfElems(std::size_t nbOfElems, const std::string& msg) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static void GetSlice(int start, int stop, int step, int sliceId, int nbOfSlices, int& startSlice, int& stopSlice);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static int GetNumberOfItemGivenBES(int begin, int end, int step, const char *msg);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static int GetNumberOfItemGivenBESRelative(int begin, int end, int step, const char *msg);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static int GetNumberOfItemGivenBES(int begin, int end, int step, const std::string& msg);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static int GetNumberOfItemGivenBESRelative(int begin, int end, int step, const std::string& msg);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static int GetPosOfItemGivenBESRelativeNoThrow(int value, int begin, int end, int step);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static std::string GetVarNameFromInfo(const std::string& info);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static std::string GetUnitFromInfo(const std::string& info);
@@ -172,16 +172,16 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void reprZipStream(std::ostream& stream) const = 0;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void reprWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void reprZipWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const = 0;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void reprCppStream(const char *varName, std::ostream& stream) const = 0;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void reprCppStream(const std::string& varName, std::ostream& stream) const = 0;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void reprQuickOverview(std::ostream& stream) const = 0;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void reprQuickOverviewData(std::ostream& stream, std::size_t maxNbOfByteInRepr) const = 0;
   protected:
     DataArray() { }
     ~DataArray() { }
   protected:
-    static void CheckValueInRange(int ref, int value, const char *msg);
-    static void CheckValueInRangeEx(int value, int start, int end, const char *msg);
-    static void CheckClosingParInRange(int ref, int value, const char *msg);
+    static void CheckValueInRange(int ref, int value, const std::string& msg);
+    static void CheckValueInRangeEx(int value, int start, int end, const std::string& msg);
+    static void CheckClosingParInRange(int ref, int value, const std::string& msg);
   protected:
     std::string _name;
     std::vector<std::string> _info_on_compo;
@@ -227,12 +227,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT bool isMonotonic(bool increasing, double eps) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string repr() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string reprZip() const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void writeVTK(std::ostream& ofs, int indent, const char *nameInFile, DataArrayByte *byteArr) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void writeVTK(std::ostream& ofs, int indent, const std::string& nameInFile, DataArrayByte *byteArr) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprZipStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprZipWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprCppStream(const char *varName, std::ostream& stream) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprCppStream(const std::string& varName, std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprQuickOverview(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprQuickOverviewData(std::ostream& stream, std::size_t maxNbOfByteInRepr) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT bool isEqual(const DataArrayDouble& other, double prec) const;
@@ -340,12 +340,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyRPow(double val);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *negate() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *applyFunc(int nbOfComp, FunctionToEvaluate func) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const char *func) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *applyFunc(const char *func) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const char *func) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFuncFast32(const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFuncFast64(const char *func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *applyFunc(const std::string& func) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFuncFast32(const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void applyFuncFast64(const std::string& func);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT DataArrayInt *getIdsInRange(double vmin, double vmax) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT DataArrayInt *getIdsNotInRange(double vmin, double vmax) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static DataArrayDouble *Aggregate(const DataArrayDouble *a1, const DataArrayDouble *a2);
@@ -464,12 +464,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void iota(int init=0);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string repr() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string reprZip() const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void writeVTK(std::ostream& ofs, int indent, const char *type, const char *nameInFile, DataArrayByte *byteArr) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void writeVTK(std::ostream& ofs, int indent, const std::string& type, const std::string& nameInFile, DataArrayByte *byteArr) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprZipStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprZipWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprCppStream(const char *varName, std::ostream& stream) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprCppStream(const std::string& varName, std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprQuickOverview(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprQuickOverviewData(std::ostream& stream, std::size_t maxNbOfByteInRepr) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void transformWithIndArr(const int *indArrBg, const int *indArrEnd);
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprZipStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprZipWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprCppStream(const char *varName, std::ostream& stream) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprCppStream(const std::string& varName, std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprQuickOverview(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprQuickOverviewData(std::ostream& stream, std::size_t maxNbOfByteInRepr) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT bool isEqualIfNotWhy(const DataArrayChar& other, std::string& reason) const;
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprZipStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprZipWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprCppStream(const char *varName, std::ostream& stream) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprCppStream(const std::string& varName, std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprQuickOverview(std::ostream& stream) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void reprQuickOverviewData(std::ostream& stream, std::size_t maxNbOfByteInRepr) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT bool isEqualIfNotWhy(const DataArrayChar& other, std::string& reason) const;
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMemArrayChar.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMemArrayChar.cxx
index 25aab4219..bd7cc6973 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMemArrayChar.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMemArrayChar.cxx
@@ -714,10 +714,10 @@ DataArrayChar *DataArrayChar::changeNbOfComponents(int newNbOfComp, char dftValu
       for(;j<newNbOfComp;j++)
         nc[newNbOfComp*i+j]=dftValue;
     }
-  ret->setName(getName().c_str());
+  ret->setName(getName());
   for(int i=0;i<dim;i++)
-    ret->setInfoOnComponent(i,getInfoOnComponent(i).c_str());
-  ret->setName(getName().c_str());
+    ret->setInfoOnComponent(i,getInfoOnComponent(i));
+  ret->setName(getName());
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
@@ -1937,7 +1937,7 @@ DataArrayChar *DataArrayChar::Meld(const std::vector<const DataArrayChar *>& arr
   int k=0;
   for(int i=0;i<(int)a.size();i++)
     for(int j=0;j<nbc[i];j++,k++)
-      ret->setInfoOnComponent(k,a[i]->getInfoOnComponent(j).c_str());
+      ret->setInfoOnComponent(k,a[i]->getInfoOnComponent(j));
   return ret;
 }
 
@@ -2070,7 +2070,7 @@ void DataArrayByte::reprZipWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const
   _mem.reprZip(getNumberOfComponents(),stream);
 }
 
-void DataArrayByte::reprCppStream(const char *varName, std::ostream& stream) const
+void DataArrayByte::reprCppStream(const std::string& varName, std::ostream& stream) const
 {
   int nbTuples=getNumberOfTuples(),nbComp=getNumberOfComponents();
   const char *data=getConstPointer();
@@ -2402,7 +2402,7 @@ void DataArrayAsciiChar::reprZipWithoutNameStream(std::ostream& stream) const
   reprWithoutNameStream(stream);
 }
 
-void DataArrayAsciiChar::reprCppStream(const char *varName, std::ostream& stream) const
+void DataArrayAsciiChar::reprCppStream(const std::string& varName, std::ostream& stream) const
 {
   int nbTuples=getNumberOfTuples(),nbComp=getNumberOfComponents();
   const char *data=getConstPointer();
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMesh.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMesh.cxx
index 4aae2aa58..181288b4b 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMesh.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMesh.cxx
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ void MEDCouplingMesh::copyTinyInfoFrom(const MEDCouplingMesh *other)
  *  \ref cpp_mcmesh_fillFromAnalytic "Here is a C++ example".<br>
  *  \ref  py_mcmesh_fillFromAnalytic "Here is a Python example".
  */
-MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingMesh::fillFromAnalytic(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const char *func) const
+MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingMesh::fillFromAnalytic(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) const
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=MEDCouplingFieldDouble::New(t,ONE_TIME);
   ret->setMesh(this);
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingMesh::fillFromAnalytic(TypeOfField t, int nbO
  * function to coordinates of field location points (defined by the given field type).
  * For example, if \a t == ParaMEDMEM::ON_CELLS, the function is applied to cell
  * barycenters. This method differs from
- * \ref MEDCouplingMesh::fillFromAnalytic(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const char *func) const "fillFromAnalytic()"
+ * \ref MEDCouplingMesh::fillFromAnalytic(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) const "fillFromAnalytic()"
  * by the way how variable
  * names, used in the function, are associated with components of coordinates of field
  * location points; here, a variable name corresponding to a component is retrieved from
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingMesh::fillFromAnalytic(TypeOfField t, int nbO
  *  \ref cpp_mcmesh_fillFromAnalytic2 "Here is a C++ example".<br>
  *  \ref  py_mcmesh_fillFromAnalytic2 "Here is a Python example".
  */
-MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingMesh::fillFromAnalytic2(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const char *func) const
+MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingMesh::fillFromAnalytic2(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) const
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=MEDCouplingFieldDouble::New(t,ONE_TIME);
   ret->setMesh(this);
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingMesh::fillFromAnalytic2(TypeOfField t, int nb
  *  \ref cpp_mcmesh_fillFromAnalytic3 "Here is a C++ example".<br>
  *  \ref  py_mcmesh_fillFromAnalytic3 "Here is a Python example".
  */
-MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingMesh::fillFromAnalytic3(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func) const
+MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingMesh::fillFromAnalytic3(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func) const
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=MEDCouplingFieldDouble::New(t,ONE_TIME);
   ret->setMesh(this);
@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ void MEDCouplingMesh::getCellsContainingPoints(const double *pos, int nbOfPoints
  *  \param [in] fileName - the name of the file to write in.
  *  \throw If \a fileName is not a writable file.
  */
-void MEDCouplingMesh::writeVTK(const char *fileName, bool isBinary) const
+void MEDCouplingMesh::writeVTK(const std::string& fileName, bool isBinary) const
 {
   std::string cda,pda;
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayByte> byteArr;
@@ -691,18 +691,18 @@ void MEDCouplingMesh::writeVTK(const char *fileName, bool isBinary) const
   writeVTKAdvanced(fileName,cda,pda,byteArr);
 }
 
-void MEDCouplingMesh::writeVTKAdvanced(const char *fileName, const std::string& cda, const std::string& pda, DataArrayByte *byteData) const
+void MEDCouplingMesh::writeVTKAdvanced(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& cda, const std::string& pda, DataArrayByte *byteData) const
 {
-  std::ofstream ofs(fileName);
+  std::ofstream ofs(fileName.c_str());
   ofs << "<VTKFile type=\""  << getVTKDataSetType() << "\" version=\"0.1\" byte_order=\"" << MEDCouplingByteOrderStr() << "\">\n";
   writeVTKLL(ofs,cda,pda,byteData);
   if(byteData)
     {
       ofs << "<AppendedData encoding=\"raw\">\n_1234";
       ofs << std::flush; ofs.close();
-      std::ofstream ofs2(fileName,std::ios_base::binary | std::ios_base::app);
+      std::ofstream ofs2(fileName.c_str(),std::ios_base::binary | std::ios_base::app);
       ofs2.write(byteData->begin(),byteData->getNbOfElems()); ofs2 << std::flush; ofs2.close();
-      std::ofstream ofs3(fileName,std::ios_base::app); ofs3 << "\n</AppendedData>\n</VTKFile>\n"; ofs3.close();
+      std::ofstream ofs3(fileName.c_str(),std::ios_base::app); ofs3 << "\n</AppendedData>\n</VTKFile>\n"; ofs3.close();
     }
   else
     {
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMesh.hxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMesh.hxx
index c8203c56b..ce91efa18 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMesh.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingMesh.hxx
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setName(const char *name) { _name=name; }
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setName(const std::string& name) { _name=name; }
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string getName() const { return _name; }
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setDescription(const char *descr) { _description=descr; }
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setDescription(const std::string& descr) { _description=descr; }
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string getDescription() const { return _description; }
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT double getTime(int& iteration, int& order) const { iteration=_iteration; order=_order; return _time; }
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setTime(double val, int iteration, int order) { _time=val; _iteration=iteration; _order=order; }
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setTimeUnit(const char *unit) { _time_unit=unit; }
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT const char *getTimeUnit() const { return _time_unit.c_str(); }
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setTimeUnit(const std::string& unit) { _time_unit=unit; }
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string getTimeUnit() const { return _time_unit; }
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual MEDCouplingMesh *deepCpy() const = 0;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual MEDCouplingMeshType getType() const = 0;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT bool isStructured() const;
@@ -113,9 +113,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void getCellsContainingPoint(const double *pos, double eps, std::vector<int>& elts) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void getCellsContainingPoints(const double *pos, int nbOfPoints, double eps, MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt>& elts, MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt>& eltsIndex) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *fillFromAnalytic(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, FunctionToEvaluate func) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *fillFromAnalytic(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const char *func) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *fillFromAnalytic2(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const char *func) const;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *fillFromAnalytic3(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *fillFromAnalytic(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *fillFromAnalytic2(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *fillFromAnalytic3(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *buildOrthogonalField() const = 0;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void rotate(const double *center, const double *vector, double angle) = 0;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void translate(const double *vector) = 0;
@@ -143,9 +143,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void serialize(DataArrayInt *&a1, DataArrayDouble *&a2) const = 0;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void unserialization(const std::vector<double>& tinyInfoD, const std::vector<int>& tinyInfo, const DataArrayInt *a1, DataArrayDouble *a2,
                                                     const std::vector<std::string>& littleStrings) = 0;
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void writeVTK(const char *fileName, bool isBinary=true) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void writeVTK(const std::string& fileName, bool isBinary=true) const;
     /// @cond INTERNAL
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void writeVTKAdvanced(const char *fileName, const std::string& cda, const std::string& pda, DataArrayByte *byteData) const;
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void writeVTKAdvanced(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& cda, const std::string& pda, DataArrayByte *byteData) const;
     /// @endcond
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void writeVTKLL(std::ostream& ofs, const std::string& cellData, const std::string& pointData, DataArrayByte *byteData) const = 0;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void reprQuickOverview(std::ostream& stream) const = 0;
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingPointSet.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingPointSet.cxx
index f8f15be3e..5e9033058 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingPointSet.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingPointSet.cxx
@@ -910,19 +910,19 @@ void MEDCouplingPointSet::unserialization(const std::vector<double>& tinyInfoD,
   if(tinyInfo[2]>=0 && tinyInfo[1]>=1)
     {
       setCoords(a2);
-      setName(littleStrings[0].c_str());
-      setDescription(littleStrings[1].c_str());
-      a2->setName(littleStrings[2].c_str());
-      setTimeUnit(littleStrings[3].c_str());
+      setName(littleStrings[0]);
+      setDescription(littleStrings[1]);
+      a2->setName(littleStrings[2]);
+      setTimeUnit(littleStrings[3]);
       for(int i=0;i<tinyInfo[1];i++)
-        getCoords()->setInfoOnComponent(i,littleStrings[i+4].c_str());
+        getCoords()->setInfoOnComponent(i,littleStrings[i+4]);
       setTime(tinyInfoD[0],tinyInfo[3],tinyInfo[4]);
     }
   else
     {
-      setName(littleStrings[0].c_str());
-      setDescription(littleStrings[1].c_str());
-      setTimeUnit(littleStrings[2].c_str());
+      setName(littleStrings[0]);
+      setDescription(littleStrings[1]);
+      setTimeUnit(littleStrings[2]);
       setTime(tinyInfoD[0],tinyInfo[3],tinyInfo[4]);
     }
 }
@@ -1537,7 +1537,7 @@ DataArrayInt *MEDCouplingPointSet::getCellIdsLyingOnNodes(const int *begin, cons
 {
   DataArrayInt *cellIdsKept=0;
   fillCellIdsToKeepFromNodeIds(begin,end,fullyIn,cellIdsKept);
-  cellIdsKept->setName(getName().c_str());
+  cellIdsKept->setName(getName());
   return cellIdsKept;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingRemapper.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingRemapper.cxx
index dd837acda..1c5e17a91 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingRemapper.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingRemapper.cxx
@@ -49,15 +49,15 @@ MEDCouplingRemapper::~MEDCouplingRemapper()
   releaseData(false);
 }
 
-int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepare(const MEDCouplingMesh *srcMesh, const MEDCouplingMesh *targetMesh, const char *method)
+int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepare(const MEDCouplingMesh *srcMesh, const MEDCouplingMesh *targetMesh, const std::string& method)
 {
   if(!srcMesh || !targetMesh)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCouplingRemapper::prepare : presence of NULL input pointer !");
   std::string srcMethod,targetMethod;
   INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation<INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D>::CheckAndSplitInterpolationMethod(method,srcMethod,targetMethod);
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldTemplate> src=MEDCouplingFieldTemplate::New(MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization::GetTypeOfFieldFromStringRepr(srcMethod.c_str()));
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldTemplate> src=MEDCouplingFieldTemplate::New(MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization::GetTypeOfFieldFromStringRepr(srcMethod));
   src->setMesh(srcMesh);
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldTemplate> target=MEDCouplingFieldTemplate::New(MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization::GetTypeOfFieldFromStringRepr(targetMethod.c_str()));
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldTemplate> target=MEDCouplingFieldTemplate::New(MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization::GetTypeOfFieldFromStringRepr(targetMethod));
   target->setMesh(targetMesh);
   return prepareEx(src,target);
 }
@@ -322,35 +322,35 @@ int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepareInterpKernelOnlyUU()
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<1,1> source_mesh_wrapper(src_mesh);
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<1,1> target_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
       INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation1D interpolation(*this);
-      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method.c_str());
+      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method);
     }
   else if(srcMeshDim==1 && trgMeshDim==1 && srcSpaceDim==2)
     {
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,1> source_mesh_wrapper(src_mesh);
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,1> target_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
       INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2DCurve interpolation(*this);
-      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method.c_str());
+      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method);
     }
   else if(srcMeshDim==2 && trgMeshDim==2 && srcSpaceDim==2)
     {
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> source_mesh_wrapper(src_mesh);
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> target_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
       INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D interpolation(*this);
-      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method.c_str());
+      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method);
     }
   else if(srcMeshDim==3 && trgMeshDim==3 && srcSpaceDim==3)
     {
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> source_mesh_wrapper(src_mesh);
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> target_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
       INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D interpolation(*this);
-      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method.c_str());
+      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method);
     }
   else if(srcMeshDim==2 && trgMeshDim==2 && srcSpaceDim==3)
     {
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,2> source_mesh_wrapper(src_mesh);
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,2> target_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
       INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3DSurf interpolation(*this);
-      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method.c_str());
+      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method);
     }
   else if(srcMeshDim==3 && trgMeshDim==1 && srcSpaceDim==3)
     {
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepareInterpKernelOnlyUU()
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> source_mesh_wrapper(src_mesh);
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> target_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
       INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D interpolation(*this);
-      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method.c_str());
+      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method);
     }
   else if(srcMeshDim==1 && trgMeshDim==3 && srcSpaceDim==3)
     {
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepareInterpKernelOnlyUU()
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> target_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
       INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D interpolation(*this);
       std::vector<std::map<int,double> > matrixTmp;
-      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(target_mesh_wrapper,source_mesh_wrapper,matrixTmp,method.c_str());
+      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(target_mesh_wrapper,source_mesh_wrapper,matrixTmp,method);
       ReverseMatrix(matrixTmp,nbCols,_matrix);
       nbCols=matrixTmp.size();
     }
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepareInterpKernelOnlyUU()
           MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> source_mesh_wrapper(src_mesh);
           MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> target_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
           INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D interpolation(*this);
-          nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method.c_str());
+          nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method);
         }
       else
         {
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepareInterpKernelOnlyUU()
           MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> target_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
           INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D1D interpolation(*this);
           std::vector<std::map<int,double> > matrixTmp;
-          nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(target_mesh_wrapper,source_mesh_wrapper,matrixTmp,method.c_str());
+          nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(target_mesh_wrapper,source_mesh_wrapper,matrixTmp,method);
           ReverseMatrix(matrixTmp,nbCols,_matrix);
           nbCols=matrixTmp.size();
           INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D1D::DuplicateFacesType duplicateFaces=interpolation.retrieveDuplicateFaces();
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepareInterpKernelOnlyUU()
           MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> target_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
           INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D interpolation(*this);
           std::vector<std::map<int,double> > matrixTmp;
-          nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(target_mesh_wrapper,source_mesh_wrapper,matrixTmp,method.c_str());
+          nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(target_mesh_wrapper,source_mesh_wrapper,matrixTmp,method);
           ReverseMatrix(matrixTmp,nbCols,_matrix);
           nbCols=matrixTmp.size();
         }
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepareInterpKernelOnlyUU()
           MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> source_mesh_wrapper(src_mesh);
           MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> target_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
           INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D1D interpolation(*this);
-          nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method.c_str());
+          nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method);
           INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D1D::DuplicateFacesType duplicateFaces=interpolation.retrieveDuplicateFaces();
           if(!duplicateFaces.empty())
             {
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepareInterpKernelOnlyUU()
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> source_mesh_wrapper(src_mesh);
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> target_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
       INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D2D interpolation(*this);
-      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method.c_str());
+      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,method);
       INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D2D::DuplicateFacesType duplicateFaces=interpolation.retrieveDuplicateFaces();
       if(!duplicateFaces.empty())
         {
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepareInterpKernelOnlyUU()
       MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> target_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
       INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D2D interpolation(*this);
       std::vector<std::map<int,double> > matrixTmp;
-      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(target_mesh_wrapper,source_mesh_wrapper,matrixTmp,method.c_str());
+      nbCols=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(target_mesh_wrapper,source_mesh_wrapper,matrixTmp,method);
       ReverseMatrix(matrixTmp,nbCols,_matrix);
       nbCols=matrixTmp.size();
       INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D2D::DuplicateFacesType duplicateFaces=interpolation.retrieveDuplicateFaces();
@@ -480,19 +480,19 @@ int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepareInterpKernelOnlyUU()
         {
           MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> source_mesh_wrapper(src_mesh);
           INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D interpolation(*this);
-          nbCols=interpolation.toIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,srcMeth.c_str());
+          nbCols=interpolation.toIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,srcMeth);
         }
       else if(srcMeshDim==3 && srcSpaceDim==3)
         {
           MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> source_mesh_wrapper(src_mesh);
           INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D interpolation(*this);
-          nbCols=interpolation.toIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,srcMeth.c_str());
+          nbCols=interpolation.toIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,srcMeth);
         }
       else if(srcMeshDim==2 && srcSpaceDim==3)
         {
           MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,2> source_mesh_wrapper(src_mesh);
           INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3DSurf interpolation(*this);
-          nbCols=interpolation.toIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,srcMeth.c_str());
+          nbCols=interpolation.toIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,srcMeth);
         }
       else
         throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("No interpolation available for the given mesh and space dimension of source mesh to -1D targetMesh");
@@ -503,19 +503,19 @@ int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepareInterpKernelOnlyUU()
         {
           MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> source_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
           INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D interpolation(*this);
-          nbCols=interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,trgMeth.c_str());
+          nbCols=interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,trgMeth);
         }
       else if(trgMeshDim==3 && trgSpaceDim==3)
         {
           MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> source_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
           INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D interpolation(*this);
-          nbCols=interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,trgMeth.c_str());
+          nbCols=interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,trgMeth);
         }
       else if(trgMeshDim==2 && trgSpaceDim==3)
         {
           MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,2> source_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh);
           INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3DSurf interpolation(*this);
-          nbCols=interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,trgMeth.c_str());
+          nbCols=interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,_matrix,trgMeth);
         }
       else
         throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("No interpolation available for the given mesh and space dimension of source mesh from -1D sourceMesh");
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepareInterpKernelOnlyEE()
   MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,2> target_mesh_wrapper(target_mesh->getMesh2D());
   INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3DSurf interpolation2D(*this);
   std::vector<std::map<int,double> > matrix2D;
-  int nbCols2D=interpolation2D.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,matrix2D,methC.c_str());
+  int nbCols2D=interpolation2D.interpolateMeshes(source_mesh_wrapper,target_mesh_wrapper,matrix2D,methC);
   MEDCouplingUMesh *s1D,*t1D;
   double v[3];
   MEDCouplingExtrudedMesh::Project1DMeshes(src_mesh->getMesh1D(),target_mesh->getMesh1D(),getPrecision(),s1D,t1D,v);
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ int MEDCouplingRemapper::prepareInterpKernelOnlyEE()
   MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<1,1> t1DWrapper(t1D);
   std::vector<std::map<int,double> > matrix1D;
   INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation1D interpolation1D(*this);
-  int nbCols1D=interpolation1D.interpolateMeshes(s1DWrapper,t1DWrapper,matrix1D,methC.c_str());
+  int nbCols1D=interpolation1D.interpolateMeshes(s1DWrapper,t1DWrapper,matrix1D,methC);
   s1D->decrRef();
   t1D->decrRef();
   buildFinalInterpolationMatrixByConvolution(matrix1D,matrix2D,src_mesh->getMesh3DIds()->getConstPointer(),nbCols2D,nbCols1D,
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ bool MEDCouplingRemapper::isInterpKernelOnlyOrNotOnly() const
         try
           {
             std::string tmp1,tmp2;
-            INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation<INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D>::CheckAndSplitInterpolationMethod(method.c_str(),tmp1,tmp2);
+            INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation<INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D>::CheckAndSplitInterpolationMethod(method,tmp1,tmp2);
             return true;
           }
         catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& /*e*/)
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingRemapper.hxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingRemapper.hxx
index 36cb62369..2904d5d9a 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingRemapper.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingRemapper.hxx
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   public:
     MEDCOUPLINGREMAPPER_EXPORT MEDCouplingRemapper();
     MEDCOUPLINGREMAPPER_EXPORT ~MEDCouplingRemapper();
-    MEDCOUPLINGREMAPPER_EXPORT int prepare(const MEDCouplingMesh *srcMesh, const MEDCouplingMesh *targetMesh, const char *method);
+    MEDCOUPLINGREMAPPER_EXPORT int prepare(const MEDCouplingMesh *srcMesh, const MEDCouplingMesh *targetMesh, const std::string& method);
     MEDCOUPLINGREMAPPER_EXPORT int prepareEx(const MEDCouplingFieldTemplate *src, const MEDCouplingFieldTemplate *target);
     MEDCOUPLINGREMAPPER_EXPORT void transfer(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *srcField, MEDCouplingFieldDouble *targetField, double dftValue);
     MEDCOUPLINGREMAPPER_EXPORT void partialTransfer(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *srcField, MEDCouplingFieldDouble *targetField);
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingStructuredMesh.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingStructuredMesh.cxx
index 011c49dea..c20f5a4cb 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingStructuredMesh.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingStructuredMesh.cxx
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *MEDCouplingStructuredMesh::build1SGTUnstructured() const
   int ns[3];
   getNodeGridStructure(ns);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> conn(Build1GTNodalConnectivity(ns,ns+meshDim));
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh> ret(MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New(getName().c_str(),GetGeoTypeGivenMeshDimension(meshDim)));
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh> ret(MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New(getName(),GetGeoTypeGivenMeshDimension(meshDim)));
   ret->setNodalConnectivity(conn); ret->setCoords(coords);
   return ret.retn();
 }
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization.cxx
index f0900c107..3ed4634bb 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization.cxx
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::finishUnserialization(const std::vector<int>
   _time_tolerance=tinyInfoD[0];
   int nbOfCompo=_array->getNumberOfComponents();
   for(int i=0;i<nbOfCompo;i++)
-    _array->setInfoOnComponent(i,tinyInfoS[i].c_str());
+    _array->setInfoOnComponent(i,tinyInfoS[i]);
 }
 
 void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::getTinySerializationDbleInformation(std::vector<double>& tinyInfo) const
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, FunctionToEvaluate f
   setArrays(arrays3,0);
 }
 
-void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func)
 {
   std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> arrays;
   getArrays(arrays);
@@ -733,7 +733,7 @@ void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
   setArrays(arrays3,0);
 }
 
-void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func)
 {
   std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> arrays;
   getArrays(arrays);
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const char *func)
   setArrays(arrays3,0);
 }
 
-void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func)
 {
   std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> arrays;
   getArrays(arrays);
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<s
   setArrays(arrays3,0);
 }
 
-void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFunc(const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFunc(const std::string& func)
 {
   std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> arrays;
   getArrays(arrays);
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFunc(const char *func)
   setArrays(arrays3,0);
 }
 
-void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFuncFast32(const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFuncFast32(const std::string& func)
 {
   std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> arrays;
   getArrays(arrays);
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFuncFast32(const char *func)
     }
 }
 
-void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFuncFast64(const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::applyFuncFast64(const std::string& func)
 {
   std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> arrays;
   getArrays(arrays);
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::fillFromAnalytic(const DataArrayDouble *loc,
   setArrays(arrays3,0);
 }
 
-void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::fillFromAnalytic(const DataArrayDouble *loc, int nbOfComp, const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::fillFromAnalytic(const DataArrayDouble *loc, int nbOfComp, const std::string& func)
 {
   std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> arrays;
   getArrays(arrays);
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::fillFromAnalytic(const DataArrayDouble *loc,
   setArrays(arrays3,0);
 }
 
-void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::fillFromAnalytic2(const DataArrayDouble *loc, int nbOfComp, const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::fillFromAnalytic2(const DataArrayDouble *loc, int nbOfComp, const std::string& func)
 {
   std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> arrays;
   getArrays(arrays);
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::fillFromAnalytic2(const DataArrayDouble *loc
   setArrays(arrays3,0);
 }
 
-void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::fillFromAnalytic3(const DataArrayDouble *loc, int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func)
+void MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization::fillFromAnalytic3(const DataArrayDouble *loc, int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func)
 {
   std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> arrays;
   getArrays(arrays);
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization.hxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization.hxx
index 263539b0f..ca9e5da63 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization.hxx
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization *New(TypeOfTimeDiscretization type);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setTimeUnit(const char *unit) { _time_unit=unit; }
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT const char *getTimeUnit() const { return _time_unit.c_str(); }
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT void setTimeUnit(const std::string& unit) { _time_unit=unit; }
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT std::string getTimeUnit() const { return _time_unit; }
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void copyTinyAttrFrom(const MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization& other);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void copyTinyStringsFrom(const MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization& other);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void checkCoherency() const;
@@ -139,16 +139,16 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void setOrCreateUniformValueOnAllComponents(int nbOfTuple, double value);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void applyLin(double a, double b, int compoId);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void applyFunc(int nbOfComp, FunctionToEvaluate func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void applyFunc(const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void applyFuncFast32(const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void applyFuncFast64(const char *func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void applyFunc(const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void applyFuncFast32(const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void applyFuncFast64(const std::string& func);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void fillFromAnalytic(const DataArrayDouble *loc, int nbOfComp, FunctionToEvaluate func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void fillFromAnalytic(const DataArrayDouble *loc, int nbOfComp, const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void fillFromAnalytic2(const DataArrayDouble *loc, int nbOfComp, const char *func);
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void fillFromAnalytic3(const DataArrayDouble *loc, int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void fillFromAnalytic(const DataArrayDouble *loc, int nbOfComp, const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void fillFromAnalytic2(const DataArrayDouble *loc, int nbOfComp, const std::string& func);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual void fillFromAnalytic3(const DataArrayDouble *loc, int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func);
     //
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT virtual ~MEDCouplingTimeDiscretization();
   protected:
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingUMesh.cxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingUMesh.cxx
index d070522b4..24aaa13c1 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingUMesh.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingUMesh.cxx
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDCouplingUMesh::New()
   return new MEDCouplingUMesh;
 }
 
-MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDCouplingUMesh::New(const char *meshName, int meshDim)
+MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDCouplingUMesh::New(const std::string& meshName, int meshDim)
 {
   MEDCouplingUMesh *ret=new MEDCouplingUMesh;
   ret->setName(meshName);
@@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDCouplingUMesh::buildDescendingConnectivityGen(DataArrayInt
   const int *conn=_nodal_connec->getConstPointer();
   const int *connIndex=_nodal_connec_index->getConstPointer();
   std::string name="Mesh constituent of "; name+=getName();
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> ret=MEDCouplingUMesh::New(name.c_str(),getMeshDimension()-SonsGenerator::DELTA);
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> ret=MEDCouplingUMesh::New(name,getMeshDimension()-SonsGenerator::DELTA);
   ret->setCoords(getCoords());
   ret->allocateCells(2*nbOfCells);
   descIndx->alloc(nbOfCells+1,1);
@@ -1849,7 +1849,7 @@ bool MEDCouplingUMesh::areCellsIncludedIn(const MEDCouplingUMesh *other, int com
     }
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> o2n=mesh->zipConnectivityTraducer(compType,nbOfCells);
   arr=o2n->substr(nbOfCells);
-  arr->setName(other->getName().c_str());
+  arr->setName(other->getName());
   int tmp;
   if(other->getNumberOfCells()==0)
     return true;
@@ -1893,7 +1893,7 @@ bool MEDCouplingUMesh::areCellsIncludedIn2(const MEDCouplingUMesh *other, DataAr
             }
         }
     }
-  arr2->setName(other->getName().c_str());
+  arr2->setName(other->getName());
   if(arr2->presenceOfValue(0))
     return false;
   arr=arr2.retn();
@@ -2863,7 +2863,7 @@ MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDCouplingUMesh::buildSetInstanceFromThis(int spaceDim) const
   int mdim=getMeshDimension();
   if(mdim<0)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCouplingUMesh::buildSetInstanceFromThis : invalid mesh dimension ! Should be >= 0 !");
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> ret=MEDCouplingUMesh::New(getName().c_str(),mdim);
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> ret=MEDCouplingUMesh::New(getName(),mdim);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> tmp1,tmp2;
   bool needToCpyCT=true;
   if(!_nodal_connec)
@@ -3251,7 +3251,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDCouplingUMesh::getMeasureField(bool isAbs) const
   name+=getName();
   int nbelem=getNumberOfCells();
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> field=MEDCouplingFieldDouble::New(ON_CELLS,ONE_TIME);
-  field->setName(name.c_str());
+  field->setName(name);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayDouble> array=DataArrayDouble::New();
   array->alloc(nbelem,1);
   double *area_vol=array->getPointer();
@@ -3306,7 +3306,7 @@ DataArrayDouble *MEDCouplingUMesh::getPartMeasureField(bool isAbs, const int *be
   name+=getName();
   int nbelem=(int)std::distance(begin,end);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayDouble> array=DataArrayDouble::New();
-  array->setName(name.c_str());
+  array->setName(name);
   array->alloc(nbelem,1);
   double *area_vol=array->getPointer();
   if(getMeshDimension()!=-1)
@@ -6906,7 +6906,7 @@ MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *MEDCouplingUMesh::convertIntoSingleGeoTypeMesh() const
     if(_types.size()!=1)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCouplingUMesh::convertIntoSingleGeoTypeMesh : current mesh does not contain exactly one geometric type !");
   INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ=*_types.begin();
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1GTUMesh> ret=MEDCoupling1GTUMesh::New(getName().c_str(),typ);
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1GTUMesh> ret=MEDCoupling1GTUMesh::New(getName(),typ);
   ret->setCoords(getCoords());
   MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *retC=dynamic_cast<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *>((MEDCoupling1GTUMesh*)ret);
   if(retC)
@@ -7382,7 +7382,7 @@ MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDCouplingUMesh::Build0DMeshFromCoords(DataArrayDouble *da)
   if(!da)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCouplingUMesh::Build0DMeshFromCoords : instance of DataArrayDouble must be not null !");
   da->checkAllocated();
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> ret=MEDCouplingUMesh::New(da->getName().c_str(),0);
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> ret=MEDCouplingUMesh::New(da->getName(),0);
   ret->setCoords(da);
   int nbOfTuples=da->getNumberOfTuples();
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> c=DataArrayInt::New();
@@ -7655,7 +7655,7 @@ MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDCouplingUMesh::FuseUMeshesOnSameCoords(const std::vector<co
       tmp->alloc(curNbOfCells,1);
       std::copy(o2nPtr+offset,o2nPtr+offset+curNbOfCells,tmp->getPointer());
       offset+=curNbOfCells;
-      tmp->setName(meshes[i]->getName().c_str());
+      tmp->setName(meshes[i]->getName());
       corr[i]=tmp;
     }
   return ret.retn();
@@ -9430,7 +9430,7 @@ MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDCouplingUMesh::buildSpreadZonesWithPoly() const
   std::vector<DataArrayInt *> partition=partitionBySpreadZone();
   std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> > partitionAuto; partitionAuto.reserve(partition.size());
   std::copy(partition.begin(),partition.end(),std::back_insert_iterator<std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> > >(partitionAuto));
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> ret=MEDCouplingUMesh::New(getName().c_str(),mdim);
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> ret=MEDCouplingUMesh::New(getName(),mdim);
   ret->setCoords(getCoords());
   ret->allocateCells((int)partition.size());
   //
@@ -9540,7 +9540,7 @@ MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *MEDCouplingUMesh::tetrahedrize(int policy, DataArrayInt *&
   if(getMeshDimension()!=3 || getSpaceDimension()!=3)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDCouplingUMesh::tetrahedrize : only available for mesh with meshdim == 3 and spacedim == 3 !");
   int nbOfCells(getNumberOfCells()),nbNodes(getNumberOfNodes());
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh> ret0(MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New(getName().c_str(),INTERP_KERNEL::NORM_TETRA4));
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh> ret0(MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New(getName(),INTERP_KERNEL::NORM_TETRA4));
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> ret(DataArrayInt::New()); ret->alloc(nbOfCells,1);
   int *retPt(ret->getPointer());
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> newConn(DataArrayInt::New()); newConn->alloc(0,1);
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingUMesh.hxx b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingUMesh.hxx
index 204368c9f..b73263070 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingUMesh.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling/MEDCouplingUMesh.hxx
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCouplingUMesh *New();
-    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCouplingUMesh *New(const char *meshName, int meshDim);
+    MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT static MEDCouplingUMesh *New(const std::string& meshName, int meshDim);
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT MEDCouplingMesh *deepCpy() const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT MEDCouplingUMesh *clone(bool recDeepCpy) const;
     MEDCOUPLING_EXPORT MEDCouplingPointSet *deepCpyConnectivityOnly() const;
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingCommon.i b/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingCommon.i
index 984571254..85e7045b8 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingCommon.i
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingCommon.i
@@ -397,13 +397,13 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDCouplingMesh : public RefCountObject, public TimeLabel
   {
   public:
-    void setName(const char *name);
+    void setName(const std::string& name);
     std::string getName() const;
-    void setDescription(const char *descr);
+    void setDescription(const std::string& descr);
     std::string getDescription() const;
     void setTime(double val, int iteration, int order);
-    void setTimeUnit(const char *unit);
-    const char *getTimeUnit() const;
+    void setTimeUnit(const std::string& unit);
+    std::string getTimeUnit() const;
     virtual MEDCouplingMeshType getType() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     bool isStructured() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual MEDCouplingMesh *deepCpy() const;
@@ -431,13 +431,13 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     virtual INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType getTypeOfCell(int cellId) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual std::string simpleRepr() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual std::string advancedRepr() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void writeVTK(const char *fileName, bool isBinary=true) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void writeVTK(const std::string& fileName, bool isBinary=true) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     // tools
     virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getMeasureField(bool isAbs) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getMeasureFieldOnNode(bool isAbs) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *fillFromAnalytic(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const char *func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *fillFromAnalytic2(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const char *func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *fillFromAnalytic3(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *fillFromAnalytic(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *fillFromAnalytic2(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *fillFromAnalytic3(TypeOfField t, int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual MEDCouplingFieldDouble *buildOrthogonalField() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual MEDCouplingUMesh *buildUnstructured() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual MEDCouplingMesh *mergeMyselfWith(const MEDCouplingMesh *other) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -2541,7 +2541,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDCoupling1GTUMesh : public ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingPointSet
   {
   public:
-    static MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *New(const char *name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *New(const std::string& name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     static MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *New(const MEDCouplingUMesh *m) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType getCellModelEnum() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getNodalConnectivityLength() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -2578,7 +2578,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh : public ParaMEDMEM::MEDCoupling1GTUMesh
   {
   public:
-    static MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *New(const char *name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *New(const std::string& name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     static MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh *New(const MEDCouplingUMesh *m) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void setNodalConnectivity(DataArrayInt *nodalConn) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getNumberOfNodesPerCell() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -2589,7 +2589,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     DataArrayInt *sortHexa8EachOther() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
     {
-      MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh(const char *name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh(const std::string& name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         return MEDCoupling1SGTUMesh::New(name,type);
       }
@@ -2634,14 +2634,14 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh : public ParaMEDMEM::MEDCoupling1GTUMesh
   {
   public:
-    static MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *New(const char *name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *New(const std::string& name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     static MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *New(const MEDCouplingUMesh *m) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void setNodalConnectivity(DataArrayInt *nodalConn, DataArrayInt *nodalConnIndex) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh *buildSetInstanceFromThis(int spaceDim) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     bool isPacked() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
     {
-      MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(const char *name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh(const std::string& name, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         return MEDCoupling1DGTUMesh::New(name,type);
       }
@@ -2826,7 +2826,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     static MEDCouplingCMesh *New();
-    static MEDCouplingCMesh *New(const char *meshName);
+    static MEDCouplingCMesh *New(const std::string& meshName);
     MEDCouplingCMesh *clone(bool recDeepCpy) const;
     void setCoords(const DataArrayDouble *coordsX,
                    const DataArrayDouble *coordsY=0,
@@ -2837,7 +2837,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
       {
         return MEDCouplingCMesh::New();
       }
-      MEDCouplingCMesh(const char *meshName)
+      MEDCouplingCMesh(const std::string& meshName)
       {
         return MEDCouplingCMesh::New(meshName);
       }
@@ -2869,7 +2869,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     static MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *New();
-    static MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *New(const char *meshName);
+    static MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *New(const std::string& meshName);
     MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *clone(bool recDeepCpy) const;
     void setCoords(const DataArrayDouble *coords) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend {
@@ -2877,7 +2877,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
       {
         return MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh::New();
       }
-      MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh(const char *meshName)
+      MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh(const std::string& meshName)
       {
         return MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh::New(meshName);
       }
@@ -3108,14 +3108,14 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   public:
     static MEDCouplingFieldDouble *New(TypeOfField type, TypeOfTimeDiscretization td=ONE_TIME);
     static MEDCouplingFieldDouble *New(const MEDCouplingFieldTemplate& ft, TypeOfTimeDiscretization td=ONE_TIME);
-    void setTimeUnit(const char *unit);
-    const char *getTimeUnit() const;
+    void setTimeUnit(const std::string& unit);
+    std::string getTimeUnit() const;
     void synchronizeTimeWithSupport() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void copyTinyAttrFrom(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *other) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void copyAllTinyAttrFrom(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *other) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string simpleRepr() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string advancedRepr() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void writeVTK(const char *fileName, bool isBinary=true) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void writeVTK(const std::string& fileName, bool isBinary=true) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCouplingFieldDouble *clone(bool recDeepCpy) const;
     MEDCouplingFieldDouble *cloneWithMesh(bool recDeepCpy) const;
     MEDCouplingFieldDouble *deepCpy() const;
@@ -3161,16 +3161,16 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     void changeNbOfComponents(int newNbOfComp, double dftValue=0.) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void sortPerTuple(bool asc) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCouplingFieldDouble &operator=(double value) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void fillFromAnalytic(int nbOfComp, const char *func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void fillFromAnalytic2(int nbOfComp, const char *func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void fillFromAnalytic3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const char *func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const char *func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void fillFromAnalytic(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void fillFromAnalytic2(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void fillFromAnalytic3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void applyFunc(int nbOfComp, double val) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void applyFunc(const char *func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void applyFuncFast32(const char *func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void applyFuncFast64(const char *func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void applyFunc(const std::string& func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void applyFuncFast32(const std::string& func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void applyFuncFast64(const std::string& func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     double accumulate(int compId) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     double getMaxValue() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     double getMinValue() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization.i b/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization.i
index 40207ea69..0401f1c71 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization.i
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization.i
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     static MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization *New(TypeOfField type) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     double getPrecision() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void setPrecision(double val) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static TypeOfField GetTypeOfFieldFromStringRepr(const char *repr) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static TypeOfField GetTypeOfFieldFromStringRepr(const std::string& repr) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual TypeOfField getEnum() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual bool isEqual(const MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization *other, double eps) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual bool isEqualIfNotWhy(const MEDCouplingFieldDiscretization *other, double eps, std::string& reason) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingMemArray.i b/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingMemArray.i
index d664d0894..100f477be 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingMemArray.i
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingMemArray.i
@@ -203,13 +203,13 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class DataArray : public RefCountObject, public TimeLabel
   {
   public:
-    void setName(const char *name);
+    void setName(const std::string& name);
     void copyStringInfoFrom(const DataArray& other) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void copyPartOfStringInfoFrom(const DataArray& other, const std::vector<int>& compoIds) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void copyPartOfStringInfoFrom2(const std::vector<int>& compoIds, const DataArray& other) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     bool areInfoEqualsIfNotWhy(const DataArray& other, std::string& reason) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     bool areInfoEquals(const DataArray& other) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    std::string cppRepr(const char *varName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    std::string cppRepr(const std::string& varName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string getName() const;
     void setInfoOnComponents(const std::vector<std::string>& info) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void setInfoAndChangeNbOfCompo(const std::vector<std::string>& info) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     std::string getInfoOnComponent(int i) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string getVarOnComponent(int i) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string getUnitOnComponent(int i) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setInfoOnComponent(int i, const char *info) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setInfoOnComponent(int i, const std::string& info) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getNumberOfComponents() const;
     virtual void alloc(int nbOfTuple, int nbOfCompo=1) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual void reAlloc(int nbOfTuples) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -231,13 +231,13 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     virtual DataArray *deepCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual DataArray *selectByTupleId2(int bg, int end2, int step) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual void rearrange(int newNbOfCompo) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void checkNbOfTuples(int nbOfTuples, const char *msg) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void checkNbOfComps(int nbOfCompo, const char *msg) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void checkNbOfTuplesAndComp(const DataArray& other, const char *msg) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void checkNbOfTuplesAndComp(int nbOfTuples, int nbOfCompo, const char *msg) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void checkNbOfElems(std::size_t nbOfElems, const char *msg) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static int GetNumberOfItemGivenBES(int begin, int end, int step, const char *msg) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static int GetNumberOfItemGivenBESRelative(int begin, int end, int step, const char *msg) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void checkNbOfTuples(int nbOfTuples, const std::string& msg) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void checkNbOfComps(int nbOfCompo, const std::string& msg) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void checkNbOfTuplesAndComp(const DataArray& other, const std::string& msg) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void checkNbOfTuplesAndComp(int nbOfTuples, int nbOfCompo, const std::string& msg) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void checkNbOfElems(std::size_t nbOfElems, const std::string& msg) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static int GetNumberOfItemGivenBES(int begin, int end, int step, const std::string& msg) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static int GetNumberOfItemGivenBESRelative(int begin, int end, int step, const std::string& msg) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     static int GetPosOfItemGivenBESRelativeNoThrow(int value, int begin, int end, int step) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     static std::string GetVarNameFromInfo(const std::string& info) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     static std::string GetUnitFromInfo(const std::string& info) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -574,12 +574,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     void applyRPow(double val) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     DataArrayDouble *negate() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     DataArrayDouble *applyFunc(int nbOfComp, FunctionToEvaluate func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    DataArrayDouble *applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const char *func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    DataArrayDouble *applyFunc(const char *func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    DataArrayDouble *applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const char *func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    DataArrayDouble *applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const char *func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void applyFuncFast32(const char *func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void applyFuncFast64(const char *func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    DataArrayDouble *applyFunc(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    DataArrayDouble *applyFunc(const std::string& func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    DataArrayDouble *applyFunc2(int nbOfComp, const std::string& func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    DataArrayDouble *applyFunc3(int nbOfComp, const std::vector<std::string>& varsOrder, const std::string& func) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void applyFuncFast32(const std::string& func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void applyFuncFast64(const std::string& func) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     DataArrayInt *getIdsInRange(double vmin, double vmax) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     DataArrayInt *getIdsNotInRange(double vmin, double vmax) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     static DataArrayDouble *Aggregate(const DataArrayDouble *a1, const DataArrayDouble *a2) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
diff --git a/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingRemapper.i b/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingRemapper.i
index 557d63bcf..91b0add29 100644
--- a/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingRemapper.i
+++ b/src/MEDCoupling_Swig/MEDCouplingRemapper.i
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     public:
       MEDCouplingRemapper();
       ~MEDCouplingRemapper();
-      int prepare(const MEDCouplingMesh *srcMesh, const MEDCouplingMesh *targetMesh, const char *method) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+      int prepare(const MEDCouplingMesh *srcMesh, const MEDCouplingMesh *targetMesh, const std::string& method) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
       int prepareEx(const MEDCouplingFieldTemplate *src, const MEDCouplingFieldTemplate *target) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
       void transfer(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *srcField, MEDCouplingFieldDouble *targetField, double dftValue) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
       void partialTransfer(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *srcField, MEDCouplingFieldDouble *targetField) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileData.cxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileData.cxx
index ba72ae464..537bee6e7 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileData.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileData.cxx
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 using namespace ParaMEDMEM;
 
-MEDFileData *MEDFileData::New(const char *fileName)
+MEDFileData *MEDFileData::New(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   return new MEDFileData(fileName);
 }
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ bool MEDFileData::changeMeshNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::
   return ret;
 }
 
-bool MEDFileData::changeMeshName(const char *oldMeshName, const char *newMeshName)
+bool MEDFileData::changeMeshName(const std::string& oldMeshName, const std::string& newMeshName)
 {
   std::string oldName(oldMeshName);
   std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> > v(1);
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ bool MEDFileData::unPolyzeMeshes()
       MEDFileFields *fs=_fields;
       if(fs)
         for(std::size_t i=0;i<meshesImpacted.size();i++)
-          fs->renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(meshesImpacted[i]->getName().c_str(),oldCodeOfMeshImpacted[i],newCodeOfMeshImpacted[i],renumParamsOfMeshImpacted[i]);
+          fs->renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(meshesImpacted[i]->getName(),oldCodeOfMeshImpacted[i],newCodeOfMeshImpacted[i],renumParamsOfMeshImpacted[i]);
     }
   return !meshesImpacted.empty();
 }
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ MEDFileData::MEDFileData()
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileData::MEDFileData(const char *fileName)
+MEDFileData::MEDFileData(const std::string& fileName)
 try
   {
     _fields=MEDFileFields::New(fileName);
@@ -235,10 +235,10 @@ catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
     throw e;
   }
 
-void MEDFileData::write(const char *fileName, int mode) const
+void MEDFileData::write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const
 {
   med_access_mode medmod=MEDFileUtilities::TraduceWriteMode(mode);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,medmod);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),medmod);
   const MEDFileMeshes *ms=_meshes;
   if(ms)
     ms->write(fid);
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileData.hxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileData.hxx
index b9683f8a5..cbe25dd82 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileData.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileData.hxx
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileData : public RefCountObject, public MEDFileWritable
   {
   public:
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileData *New(const char *fileName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileData *New(const std::string& fileName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileData *New();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileData *deepCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
@@ -51,13 +51,13 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string simpleRepr() const;
     //
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool changeMeshNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> >& modifTab);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool changeMeshName(const char *oldMeshName, const char *newMeshName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool changeMeshName(const std::string& oldMeshName, const std::string& newMeshName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool unPolyzeMeshes();
     //
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const;
   private:
     MEDFileData();
-    MEDFileData(const char *fileName);
+    MEDFileData(const std::string& fileName);
   private:
     MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileFields> _fields;
     MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMeshes> _meshes;
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileField.cxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileField.cxx
index b68147e4b..2421cbc37 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileField.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileField.cxx
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ using namespace ParaMEDMEM;
 const char MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::TYPE_STR[]="FLOAT64";
 const char MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA::TYPE_STR[]="INT32";
 
-MEDFileFieldLoc *MEDFileFieldLoc::New(med_idt fid, const char *locName)
+MEDFileFieldLoc *MEDFileFieldLoc::New(med_idt fid, const std::string& locName)
 {
   return new MEDFileFieldLoc(fid,locName);
 }
@@ -53,26 +53,26 @@ MEDFileFieldLoc *MEDFileFieldLoc::New(med_idt fid, int id)
   return new MEDFileFieldLoc(fid,id);
 }
 
-MEDFileFieldLoc *MEDFileFieldLoc::New(const char *locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType, const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w)
+MEDFileFieldLoc *MEDFileFieldLoc::New(const std::string& locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType, const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w)
 {
   return new MEDFileFieldLoc(locName,geoType,refCoo,gsCoo,w);
 }
 
-MEDFileFieldLoc::MEDFileFieldLoc(med_idt fid, const char *locName):_name(locName)
+MEDFileFieldLoc::MEDFileFieldLoc(med_idt fid, const std::string& locName):_name(locName)
 {
   med_geometry_type geotype;
   med_geometry_type sectiongeotype;
   int nsectionmeshcell;
   INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> geointerpname=MEDLoaderBase::buildEmptyString(MED_NAME_SIZE);
   INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> sectionmeshname=MEDLoaderBase::buildEmptyString(MED_NAME_SIZE);
-  MEDlocalizationInfoByName(fid,locName,&geotype,&_dim,&_nb_gauss_pt,geointerpname,sectionmeshname,&nsectionmeshcell,&sectiongeotype);
+  MEDlocalizationInfoByName(fid,locName.c_str(),&geotype,&_dim,&_nb_gauss_pt,geointerpname,sectionmeshname,&nsectionmeshcell,&sectiongeotype);
   _geo_type=(INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType)(std::distance(typmai3,std::find(typmai3,typmai3+34,geotype)));
   const INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel& cm=INTERP_KERNEL::CellModel::GetCellModel(_geo_type);
   _nb_node_per_cell=cm.getNumberOfNodes();
   _ref_coo.resize(_dim*_nb_node_per_cell);
   _gs_coo.resize(_dim*_nb_gauss_pt);
   _w.resize(_nb_gauss_pt);
-  MEDlocalizationRd(fid,locName,MED_FULL_INTERLACE,&_ref_coo[0],&_gs_coo[0],&_w[0]);
+  MEDlocalizationRd(fid,locName.c_str(),MED_FULL_INTERLACE,&_ref_coo[0],&_gs_coo[0],&_w[0]);
 }
 
 MEDFileFieldLoc::MEDFileFieldLoc(med_idt fid, int id)
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ MEDFileFieldLoc::MEDFileFieldLoc(med_idt fid, int id)
   MEDlocalizationRd(fid,locName,MED_FULL_INTERLACE,&_ref_coo[0],&_gs_coo[0],&_w[0]);
 }
 
-MEDFileFieldLoc::MEDFileFieldLoc(const char *locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType,
+MEDFileFieldLoc::MEDFileFieldLoc(const std::string& locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType,
                                  const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w):_name(locName),_geo_type(geoType),_ref_coo(refCoo),_gs_coo(gsCoo),
                                                                                                                                     _w(w)
 {
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ void MEDFileFieldLoc::simpleRepr(std::ostream& oss) const
   oss << "GaussPtsCoords="; std::copy(_gs_coo.begin(),_gs_coo.end(),std::ostream_iterator<double>(oss," ")); oss << std::endl;
 }
 
-void MEDFileFieldLoc::setName(const char *name)
+void MEDFileFieldLoc::setName(const std::string& name)
 {
   _name=name;
 }
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ std::string MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc::getProfile() const
   return _profile;
 }
 
-void MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc::setProfile(const char *newPflName)
+void MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc::setProfile(const std::string& newPflName)
 {
   _profile=newPflName;
 }
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ std::string MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc::getLocalization() const
   return _localization;
 }
 
-void MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc::setLocalization(const char *newLocName)
+void MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc::setLocalization(const std::string& newLocName)
 {
   _localization=newLocName;
 }
@@ -1887,7 +1887,7 @@ bool MEDFileFieldPerMesh::changeMeshNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::stri
   return false;
 }
 
-bool MEDFileFieldPerMesh::renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const char *meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N,
+bool MEDFileFieldPerMesh::renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const std::string& meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N,
                                                       MEDFileFieldGlobsReal& glob)
 {
   if(_mesh_name!=meshName)
@@ -2395,15 +2395,15 @@ MEDFileFieldPerMesh::MEDFileFieldPerMesh(MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *fath,
   copyTinyInfoFrom(mesh);
 }
 
-void MEDFileFieldGlobs::loadProfileInFile(med_idt fid, int id, const char *pflName)
+void MEDFileFieldGlobs::loadProfileInFile(med_idt fid, int id, const std::string& pflName)
 {
   if(id>=(int)_pfls.size())
     _pfls.resize(id+1);
   _pfls[id]=DataArrayInt::New();
-  int lgth=MEDprofileSizeByName(fid,pflName);
+  int lgth=MEDprofileSizeByName(fid,pflName.c_str());
   _pfls[id]->setName(pflName);
   _pfls[id]->alloc(lgth,1);
-  MEDprofileRd(fid,pflName,_pfls[id]->getPointer());
+  MEDprofileRd(fid,pflName.c_str(),_pfls[id]->getPointer());
   _pfls[id]->applyLin(1,-1,0);//Converting into C format
 }
 
@@ -2519,7 +2519,7 @@ void MEDFileFieldGlobs::loadAllGlobals(med_idt fid)
     }
 }
 
-MEDFileFieldGlobs *MEDFileFieldGlobs::New(const char *fname)
+MEDFileFieldGlobs *MEDFileFieldGlobs::New(const std::string& fname)
 {
   return new MEDFileFieldGlobs(fname);
 }
@@ -2626,7 +2626,7 @@ MEDFileFieldGlobs *MEDFileFieldGlobs::deepCpyPart(const std::vector<std::string>
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-MEDFileFieldGlobs::MEDFileFieldGlobs(const char *fname):_file_name(fname)
+MEDFileFieldGlobs::MEDFileFieldGlobs(const std::string& fname):_file_name(fname)
 {
 }
 
@@ -2664,7 +2664,7 @@ void MEDFileFieldGlobs::simpleRepr(std::ostream& oss) const
     }
 }
 
-void MEDFileFieldGlobs::setFileName(const char *fileName)
+void MEDFileFieldGlobs::setFileName(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   _file_name=fileName;
 }
@@ -2716,7 +2716,7 @@ int MEDFileFieldGlobs::getNbOfGaussPtPerCell(int locId) const
   return _locs[locId]->getNbOfGaussPtPerCell();
 }
 
-const MEDFileFieldLoc& MEDFileFieldGlobs::getLocalization(const char *locName) const
+const MEDFileFieldLoc& MEDFileFieldGlobs::getLocalization(const std::string& locName) const
 {
   return getLocalizationFromId(getLocalizationId(locName));
 }
@@ -2733,10 +2733,10 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEMImpl
   class LocFinder
   {
   public:
-    LocFinder(const char *loc):_loc(loc) { }
+    LocFinder(const std::string& loc):_loc(loc) { }
     bool operator() (const MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileFieldLoc>& loc) { return loc->isName(_loc); }
   private:
-    const char *_loc;
+    const std::string &_loc;
   };
 
   class PflFinder
@@ -2749,7 +2749,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEMImpl
   };
 }
 
-int MEDFileFieldGlobs::getLocalizationId(const char *loc) const
+int MEDFileFieldGlobs::getLocalizationId(const std::string& loc) const
 {
   std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileFieldLoc> >::const_iterator it=std::find_if(_locs.begin(),_locs.end(),ParaMEDMEMImpl::LocFinder(loc));
   if(it==_locs.end())
@@ -2765,7 +2765,7 @@ int MEDFileFieldGlobs::getLocalizationId(const char *loc) const
 /*!
  * The returned value is never null.
  */
-const DataArrayInt *MEDFileFieldGlobs::getProfile(const char *pflName) const
+const DataArrayInt *MEDFileFieldGlobs::getProfile(const std::string& pflName) const
 {
   std::string pflNameCpp(pflName);
   std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> >::const_iterator it=std::find_if(_pfls.begin(),_pfls.end(),ParaMEDMEMImpl::PflFinder(pflNameCpp));
@@ -2793,7 +2793,7 @@ MEDFileFieldLoc& MEDFileFieldGlobs::getLocalizationFromId(int locId)
   return *_locs[locId];
 }
 
-MEDFileFieldLoc& MEDFileFieldGlobs::getLocalization(const char *locName)
+MEDFileFieldLoc& MEDFileFieldGlobs::getLocalization(const std::string& locName)
 {
   return getLocalizationFromId(getLocalizationId(locName));
 }
@@ -2801,7 +2801,7 @@ MEDFileFieldLoc& MEDFileFieldGlobs::getLocalization(const char *locName)
 /*!
  * The returned value is never null.
  */
-DataArrayInt *MEDFileFieldGlobs::getProfile(const char *pflName)
+DataArrayInt *MEDFileFieldGlobs::getProfile(const std::string& pflName)
 {
   std::string pflNameCpp(pflName);
   std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> >::iterator it=std::find_if(_pfls.begin(),_pfls.end(),ParaMEDMEMImpl::PflFinder(pflNameCpp));
@@ -2864,14 +2864,14 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDFileFieldGlobs::getLocs() const
   return ret;
 }
 
-bool MEDFileFieldGlobs::existsPfl(const char *pflName) const
+bool MEDFileFieldGlobs::existsPfl(const std::string& pflName) const
 {
   std::vector<std::string> v=getPfls();
   std::string s(pflName);
   return std::find(v.begin(),v.end(),s)!=v.end();
 }
 
-bool MEDFileFieldGlobs::existsLoc(const char *locName) const
+bool MEDFileFieldGlobs::existsLoc(const std::string& locName) const
 {
   std::vector<std::string> v=getLocs();
   std::string s(locName);
@@ -2941,7 +2941,7 @@ void MEDFileFieldGlobs::appendProfile(DataArrayInt *pfl)
   _pfls.push_back(pfl);
 }
 
-void MEDFileFieldGlobs::appendLoc(const char *locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType, const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w)
+void MEDFileFieldGlobs::appendLoc(const std::string& locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType, const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w)
 {
   std::string name(locName);
   if(name.empty())
@@ -2971,7 +2971,7 @@ std::string MEDFileFieldGlobs::createNewNameOfLoc() const
   return CreateNewNameNotIn("NewLoc_",names);
 }
 
-std::string MEDFileFieldGlobs::CreateNewNameNotIn(const char *prefix, const std::vector<std::string>& namesToAvoid)
+std::string MEDFileFieldGlobs::CreateNewNameNotIn(const std::string& prefix, const std::vector<std::string>& namesToAvoid)
 {
   for(std::size_t sz=0;sz<100000;sz++)
     {
@@ -2987,7 +2987,7 @@ std::string MEDFileFieldGlobs::CreateNewNameNotIn(const char *prefix, const std:
  * Creates a MEDFileFieldGlobsReal on a given file name. Nothing is read here.
  *  \param [in] fname - the file name.
  */
-MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::MEDFileFieldGlobsReal(const char *fname):_globals(MEDFileFieldGlobs::New(fname))
+MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::MEDFileFieldGlobsReal(const std::string& fname):_globals(MEDFileFieldGlobs::New(fname))
 {
 }
 
@@ -3113,7 +3113,7 @@ void MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::checkGlobsLocsPartCoherency() const
   contentNotNull()->checkGlobsLocsPartCoherency(getLocsReallyUsed());
 }
 
-void MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::loadProfileInFile(med_idt fid, int id, const char *pflName)
+void MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::loadProfileInFile(med_idt fid, int id, const std::string& pflName)
 {
   contentNotNull()->loadProfileInFile(fid,id,pflName);
 }
@@ -3163,7 +3163,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getLocs() const
  *  \param [in] pflName - the profile name of interest.
  *  \return bool - \c true if the profile named \a pflName exists.
  */
-bool MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::existsPfl(const char *pflName) const
+bool MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::existsPfl(const std::string& pflName) const
 {
   return contentNotNull()->existsPfl(pflName);
 }
@@ -3173,7 +3173,7 @@ bool MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::existsPfl(const char *pflName) const
  *  \param [in] locName - the localization name of interest.
  *  \return bool - \c true if the localization named \a locName exists.
  */
-bool MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::existsLoc(const char *locName) const
+bool MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::existsLoc(const std::string& locName) const
 {
   return contentNotNull()->existsLoc(locName);
 }
@@ -3192,7 +3192,7 @@ std::string MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::createNewNameOfLoc() const
  * Sets the name of a MED file.
  *  \param [inout] fileName - the file name.
  */
-void MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::setFileName(const char *fileName)
+void MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::setFileName(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   contentNotNull()->setFileName(fileName);
 }
@@ -3285,7 +3285,7 @@ void MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::changeLocsNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::ve
  *  \param [in] newName - a new name of the profile.
  * \sa changePflsNames().
  */
-void MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::changePflName(const char *oldName, const char *newName)
+void MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::changePflName(const std::string& oldName, const std::string& newName)
 {
   std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > > mapOfModif(1);
   std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > p(std::vector<std::string>(1,std::string(oldName)),std::string(newName));
@@ -3299,7 +3299,7 @@ void MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::changePflName(const char *oldName, const char *newNa
  *  \param [in] newName - a new name of the localization.
  * \sa changeLocsNames().
  */
-void MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::changeLocName(const char *oldName, const char *newName)
+void MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::changeLocName(const std::string& oldName, const std::string& newName)
 {
   std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > > mapOfModif(1);
   std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > p(std::vector<std::string>(1,std::string(oldName)),std::string(newName));
@@ -3384,16 +3384,16 @@ int MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getNbOfGaussPtPerCell(int locId) const
  *  \return int - the id of the localization.
  *  \throw If there is no a localization named \a loc.
  */
-int MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getLocalizationId(const char *loc) const
+int MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getLocalizationId(const std::string& loc) const
 {
   return contentNotNull()->getLocalizationId(loc);
 }
 
 /*!
  * Returns the name of the MED file.
- *  \return const char * - the MED file name.
+ *  \return const std::string&  - the MED file name.
  */
-const char *MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getFileName() const
+std::string MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getFileName() const
 {
   return contentNotNull()->getFileName();
 }
@@ -3409,7 +3409,7 @@ std::string MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getFileName2() const
  *  \return const MEDFileFieldLoc& - the localization object having the name \a locName.
  *  \throw If there is no a localization named \a locName.
  */
-const MEDFileFieldLoc& MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getLocalization(const char *locName) const
+const MEDFileFieldLoc& MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getLocalization(const std::string& locName) const
 {
   return contentNotNull()->getLocalization(locName);
 }
@@ -3431,7 +3431,7 @@ const MEDFileFieldLoc& MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getLocalizationFromId(int locId) c
  *  \return const DataArrayInt * - the profile array having the name \a pflName.
  *  \throw If there is no a profile named \a pflName.
  */
-const DataArrayInt *MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getProfile(const char *pflName) const
+const DataArrayInt *MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getProfile(const std::string& pflName) const
 {
   return contentNotNull()->getProfile(pflName);
 }
@@ -3466,7 +3466,7 @@ MEDFileFieldLoc& MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getLocalizationFromId(int locId)
  *          having the name \a locName.
  *  \throw If there is no a localization named \a locName.
  */
-MEDFileFieldLoc& MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getLocalization(const char *locName)
+MEDFileFieldLoc& MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getLocalization(const std::string& locName)
 {
   return contentNotNull()->getLocalization(locName);
 }
@@ -3477,7 +3477,7 @@ MEDFileFieldLoc& MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getLocalization(const char *locName)
  *  \return DataArrayInt * - a non-const pointer to the profile array having the name \a pflName.
  *  \throw If there is no a profile named \a pflName.
  */
-DataArrayInt *MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getProfile(const char *pflName)
+DataArrayInt *MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::getProfile(const std::string& pflName)
 {
   return contentNotNull()->getProfile(pflName);
 }
@@ -3536,7 +3536,7 @@ void MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::appendProfile(DataArrayInt *pfl)
  *  \throw If a localization with the name \a locName already exists but is
  *         different form the new one.
  */
-void MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::appendLoc(const char *locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType, const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w)
+void MEDFileFieldGlobsReal::appendLoc(const std::string& locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType, const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w)
 {
   contentNotNull()->appendLoc(locName,geoType,refCoo,gsCoo,w);
 }
@@ -3563,7 +3563,7 @@ MEDFileFieldNameScope::MEDFileFieldNameScope()
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileFieldNameScope::MEDFileFieldNameScope(const char *fieldName):_name(fieldName)
+MEDFileFieldNameScope::MEDFileFieldNameScope(const std::string& fieldName):_name(fieldName)
 {
 }
 
@@ -3580,7 +3580,7 @@ std::string MEDFileFieldNameScope::getName() const
  * Sets name of \a this field
  *  \param [in] name - the new field name.
  */
-void MEDFileFieldNameScope::setName(const char *fieldName)
+void MEDFileFieldNameScope::setName(const std::string& fieldName)
 {
   _name=fieldName;
 }
@@ -3590,7 +3590,7 @@ std::string MEDFileFieldNameScope::getDtUnit() const
   return _dt_unit;
 }
 
-void MEDFileFieldNameScope::setDtUnit(const char *dtUnit)
+void MEDFileFieldNameScope::setDtUnit(const std::string& dtUnit)
 {
   _dt_unit=dtUnit;
 }
@@ -3691,7 +3691,7 @@ std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA>
   return ret;
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA(const char *fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order):MEDFileFieldNameScope(fieldName),_iteration(iteration),_order(order),_csit(csit),_nb_of_tuples_to_be_allocated(-2)
+MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA(const std::string& fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order):MEDFileFieldNameScope(fieldName),_iteration(iteration),_order(order),_csit(csit),_nb_of_tuples_to_be_allocated(-2)
 {
 }
 
@@ -3724,7 +3724,7 @@ std::string MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getMeshName() const
   return _field_per_mesh[0]->getMeshName();
 }
 
-void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::setMeshName(const char *newMeshName)
+void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::setMeshName(const std::string& newMeshName)
 {
   std::string oldName(getMeshName());
   std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> > v(1);
@@ -3932,10 +3932,10 @@ void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::changeLocsRefsNamesGen2(const std::vector
  *          Length of this and of nested sequences is the same as that of \a typesF.
  *  \throw If no field is lying on \a mname.
  */
-std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > > MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getFieldSplitedByType(const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const
+std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > > MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getFieldSplitedByType(const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const
 {
   int meshId=0;
-  if(mname)
+  if(!mname.empty())
     meshId=getMeshIdFromMeshName(mname);
   else
     if(_field_per_mesh.empty())
@@ -3984,7 +3984,7 @@ std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > > MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSD
  *  \return int - the maximal absolute dimension of elements \a this fields lies on.
  *  \throw If no field is lying on \a mname.
  */
-int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getNonEmptyLevels(const char *mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const
+int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getNonEmptyLevels(const std::string& mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const
 {
   levs.clear();
   int meshId=getMeshIdFromMeshName(mname);
@@ -4016,7 +4016,7 @@ int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getNonEmptyLevels(const char *mname, std::
  * \param [in] locId is the localization id to find the right MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc instance to set. It corresponds to the position of 
  *             \c pfls[std::distance(types.begin(),std::find(types.begin(),typ)] vector in MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::getFieldSplitedByType. For non gausspoints field users, the value is 0.
  */
-MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const char *mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId)
+MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const std::string& mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId)
 {
   int mid=getMeshIdFromMeshName(mName);
   return _field_per_mesh[mid]->getLeafGivenTypeAndLocId(typ,locId);
@@ -4028,7 +4028,7 @@ MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getLeafGive
  * \param [in] locId is the localization id to find the right MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc instance to set. It corresponds to the position of 
  *             \c pfls[std::distance(types.begin(),std::find(types.begin(),typ)] vector in MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::getFieldSplitedByType. For non gausspoints field users, the value is 0.
  */
-const MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const char *mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId) const
+const MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const std::string& mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId) const
 {
   int mid=getMeshIdFromMeshName(mName);
   return _field_per_mesh[mid]->getLeafGivenTypeAndLocId(typ,locId);
@@ -4037,11 +4037,11 @@ const MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getLe
 /*!
  * \param [in] mName specifies the underlying mesh name. This value can be pointer 0 for users that do not deal with fields on multi mesh.
  */
-int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getMeshIdFromMeshName(const char *mName) const
+int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getMeshIdFromMeshName(const std::string& mName) const
 {
   if(_field_per_mesh.empty())
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::getMeshIdFromMeshName : No field set !");
-  if(mName==0)
+  if(mName.empty())
     return 0;
   std::string mName2(mName);
   int ret=0;
@@ -4078,7 +4078,7 @@ int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::addNewEntryIfNecessary(const MEDCouplingMe
   return sz;
 }
 
-bool MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const char *meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N,
+bool MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const std::string& meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N,
                                                             MEDFileFieldGlobsReal& glob)
 {
   bool ret=false;
@@ -4474,10 +4474,10 @@ std::vector<std::string>& MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getInfo()
  *  \throw If no field of \a this is lying on the mesh \a mName.
  *  \throw If no field values of the given \a type or given \a meshDimRelToMax are available.
  */
-MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getFieldAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *mName, int renumPol, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *glob, MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray>& arrOut, const MEDFileFieldNameScope& nasc) const
+MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getFieldAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& mName, int renumPol, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *glob, MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray>& arrOut, const MEDFileFieldNameScope& nasc) const
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMesh> mm;
-  if(mName==0)
+  if(mName.empty())
     mm=MEDFileMesh::New(glob->getFileName(),getMeshName().c_str(),getMeshIteration(),getMeshOrder());
   else
     mm=MEDFileMesh::New(glob->getFileName(),mName,getMeshIteration(),getMeshOrder());
@@ -4534,10 +4534,10 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(
  *  \throw If there are no mesh entities in the mesh.
  *  \throw If no field values of the given \a type are available.
  */
-MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getFieldAtTopLevel(TypeOfField type, const char *mName, int renumPol, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *glob, MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray>& arrOut, const MEDFileFieldNameScope& nasc) const
+MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getFieldAtTopLevel(TypeOfField type, const std::string& mName, int renumPol, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *glob, MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray>& arrOut, const MEDFileFieldNameScope& nasc) const
 {
-   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMesh> mm;
-  if(mName==0)
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMesh> mm;
+  if(mName.empty())
     mm=MEDFileMesh::New(glob->getFileName(),getMeshName().c_str(),getMeshIteration(),getMeshOrder());
   else
     mm=MEDFileMesh::New(glob->getFileName(),mName,getMeshIteration(),getMeshOrder());
@@ -4571,7 +4571,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getFieldAtTopLevel(Typ
 MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA::getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int renumPol, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *glob, const MEDCouplingMesh *mesh, const DataArrayInt *cellRenum, const DataArrayInt *nodeRenum, MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray>& arrOut, const MEDFileFieldNameScope& nasc) const
 {
   static const char msg1[]="MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::getFieldOnMeshAtLevel : request for a renumbered field following mesh numbering whereas it is a profile field !";
-  int meshId=getMeshIdFromMeshName(mesh->getName().c_str());
+  int meshId=getMeshIdFromMeshName(mesh->getName());
   bool isPfl=false;
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=_field_per_mesh[meshId]->getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(type,glob,mesh,isPfl,arrOut,nasc);
   switch(renumPol)
@@ -4712,7 +4712,7 @@ std::vector<int> MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::CheckSBTMesh(const MEDCouplingMesh *
   return code;
 }
 
-MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::New(const char *fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order, const std::vector<std::string>& infos)
+MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::New(const std::string& fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order, const std::vector<std::string>& infos)
 {
   return new MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA(fieldName,csit,iteration,order,infos);
 }
@@ -4751,10 +4751,10 @@ MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::New(const char *fieldName,
  *          Length of this and of nested sequences is the same as that of \a typesF.
  *  \throw If no field is lying on \a mname.
  */
-std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::getFieldSplitedByType2(const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const
+std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::getFieldSplitedByType2(const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const
 {
   int meshId=0;
-  if(mname)
+  if(!mname.empty())
     meshId=getMeshIdFromMeshName(mname);
   else
     if(_field_per_mesh.empty())
@@ -4870,7 +4870,7 @@ DataArray *MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::getUndergroundDataArrayExt(std::vector< st
   return getUndergroundDataArrayDoubleExt(entries);
 }
 
-MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA(const char *fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order,
+MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA(const std::string& fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order,
                                                      const std::vector<std::string>& infos):MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA(fieldName,csit,iteration,order)
 {
   DataArrayDouble *arr=getOrCreateAndGetArrayDouble();
@@ -4949,7 +4949,7 @@ const DataArray *MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::getOrCreateAndGetArray() const
 
 //= MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA
 
-MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA::New(const char *fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order,
+MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA::New(const std::string& fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order,
                                                                 const std::vector<std::string>& infos)
 {
   return new MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA(fieldName,csit,iteration,order,infos);
@@ -4959,7 +4959,7 @@ MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA::MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA():MEDFileAnyTypeField
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA::MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA(const char *fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order,
+MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA::MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA(const std::string& fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order,
                                                            const std::vector<std::string>& infos):MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA(fieldName,csit,iteration,order)
 {
   DataArrayInt *arr=getOrCreateAndGetArrayInt();
@@ -5132,7 +5132,7 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS()
 
 //= MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 {
   med_field_type typcha;
   //
@@ -5173,11 +5173,11 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildContentFrom(med_i
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileFieldGlobsReal(fileName)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   _content=BuildContentFrom(fid,fileName,loadAll);
   loadGlobals(fid);
 }
@@ -5186,7 +5186,7 @@ catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
     throw e;
   }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll)
 {
   med_field_type typcha;
   std::vector<std::string> infos;
@@ -5223,7 +5223,7 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildContentFrom(med_i
   //
   med_int numdt,numit;
   med_float dt;
-  MEDfieldComputingStepInfo(fid,fieldName,1,&numdt,&numit,&dt);
+  MEDfieldComputingStepInfo(fid,fieldName.c_str(),1,&numdt,&numit,&dt);
   ret->setTime(numdt,numit,dt);
   ret->_csit=1;
   if(loadAll)
@@ -5233,11 +5233,11 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildContentFrom(med_i
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileFieldGlobsReal(fileName)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   _content=BuildContentFrom(fid,fileName,fieldName,loadAll);
   loadGlobals(fid);
 }
@@ -5246,7 +5246,7 @@ catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
     throw e;
   }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildNewInstanceFromContent(MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *c, const char *fileName)
+MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildNewInstanceFromContent(MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *c, const std::string& fileName)
 {
   if(!c)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildNewInstanceFromContent : empty content in input : unable to build a new instance !");
@@ -5267,37 +5267,37 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildNewInstanceFromContent(MEDF
   throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildNewInstanceFromContent : internal error ! a content of type different from FLOAT64 and INT32 has been built but not intercepted !");
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA> c=BuildContentFrom(fid,fileName,loadAll);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS> ret=BuildNewInstanceFromContent(c,fileName);
   ret->loadGlobals(fid);
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA> c=BuildContentFrom(fid,fileName,fieldName,loadAll);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS> ret=BuildNewInstanceFromContent(c,fileName);
   ret->loadGlobals(fid);
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA> c=BuildContentFrom(fid,fileName,fieldName,iteration,order,loadAll);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS> ret=BuildNewInstanceFromContent(c,fileName);
   ret->loadGlobals(fid);
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll)
 {
   med_field_type typcha;
   std::vector<std::string> infos;
@@ -5332,7 +5332,7 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildContentFrom(med_i
     {
       med_int numdt,numit;
       med_float dt;
-      MEDfieldComputingStepInfo(fid,fieldName,i+1,&numdt,&numit,&dt);
+      MEDfieldComputingStepInfo(fid,fieldName.c_str(),i+1,&numdt,&numit,&dt);
       if(numdt==iteration && numit==order)
         {
           found=true;
@@ -5355,12 +5355,12 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::BuildContentFrom(med_i
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileFieldGlobsReal(fileName)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
-  _content=BuildContentFrom(fid,fileName,fieldName,iteration,order,loadAll);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  _content=BuildContentFrom(fid,fileName.c_str(),fieldName.c_str(),iteration,order,loadAll);
   loadGlobals(fid);
 }
 catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
@@ -5388,7 +5388,7 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(const MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWitho
     }
 }
 
-int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::LocateField2(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, int fieldIdCFormat, bool checkFieldId, std::string& fieldName, med_field_type& typcha, std::vector<std::string>& infos, std::string& dtunitOut)
+int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::LocateField2(med_idt fid, const std::string& fileName, int fieldIdCFormat, bool checkFieldId, std::string& fieldName, med_field_type& typcha, std::vector<std::string>& infos, std::string& dtunitOut)
 {
   if(checkFieldId)
     {
@@ -5422,7 +5422,7 @@ int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::LocateField2(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, int
  * \param [out]
  * \return in case of success the number of time steps available for the field with name \a fieldName.
  */
-int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::LocateField(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int& posCFormat, med_field_type& typcha, std::vector<std::string>& infos, std::string& dtunitOut)
+int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::LocateField(med_idt fid, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int& posCFormat, med_field_type& typcha, std::vector<std::string>& infos, std::string& dtunitOut)
 {
   int nbFields=MEDnField(fid);
   bool found=false;
@@ -5465,7 +5465,7 @@ int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::LocateField(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, const
  * \param [in] forceRenameOnGlob specifies the behaviour in case of profile \b newPflName already exists. If true, the renaming is done without check. It can lead to major bug.
  *             If false, an exception will be thrown to force user to change previously the name of the profile with name \b newPflName
  */
-void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::setProfileNameOnLeaf(const char *mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const char *newPflName, bool forceRenameOnGlob)
+void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::setProfileNameOnLeaf(const std::string& mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const std::string& newPflName, bool forceRenameOnGlob)
 {
   MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *disc=getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(mName,typ,locId);
   std::string oldPflName=disc->getProfile();
@@ -5503,7 +5503,7 @@ void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::setProfileNameOnLeaf(const char *mName, INTERP_KERN
  * \param [in] forceRenameOnGlob specifies the behaviour in case of profile \b newLocName already exists. If true, the renaming is done without check. It can lead to major bug.
  *             If false, an exception will be thrown to force user to change previously the name of the profile with name \b newLocName
  */
-void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::setLocNameOnLeaf(const char *mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const char *newLocName, bool forceRenameOnGlob)
+void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::setLocNameOnLeaf(const std::string& mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const std::string& newLocName, bool forceRenameOnGlob)
 {
   MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *disc=getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(mName,typ,locId);
   std::string oldLocName=disc->getLocalization();
@@ -5549,10 +5549,10 @@ const MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::contentNotNullBa
  *  \throw If no field data is set.
  *  \throw If \a mode == 1 and the same data is present in an existing file.
  */
-void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::write(const char *fileName, int mode) const
+void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const
 {
   med_access_mode medmod=MEDFileUtilities::TraduceWriteMode(mode);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,medmod);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),medmod);
   writeLL(fid);
 }
 
@@ -5566,7 +5566,7 @@ void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::write(const char *fileName, int mode) const
  */
 void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::loadArrays()
 {
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(getFileName(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(getFileName().c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   contentNotNullBase()->loadBigArraysRecursively(fid,*contentNotNullBase());
 }
 
@@ -5579,7 +5579,7 @@ void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::loadArrays()
  */
 void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::loadArraysIfNecessary()
 {
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(getFileName(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(getFileName().c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   contentNotNullBase()->loadBigArraysRecursivelyIfNecessary(fid,*contentNotNullBase());
 }
 
@@ -5716,7 +5716,7 @@ std::string MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::getName() const
   return contentNotNullBase()->getName();
 }
 
-void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::setName(const char *name)
+void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::setName(const std::string& name)
 {
   contentNotNullBase()->setName(name);
 }
@@ -5731,7 +5731,7 @@ std::string MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::getDtUnit() const
   return contentNotNullBase()->getDtUnit();
 }
 
-void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::setDtUnit(const char *dtUnit)
+void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::setDtUnit(const std::string& dtUnit)
 {
   contentNotNullBase()->setDtUnit(dtUnit);
 }
@@ -5741,7 +5741,7 @@ std::string MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::getMeshName() const
   return contentNotNullBase()->getMeshName();
 }
 
-void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::setMeshName(const char *newMeshName)
+void MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::setMeshName(const std::string& newMeshName)
 {
   contentNotNullBase()->setMeshName(newMeshName);
 }
@@ -5800,17 +5800,17 @@ std::vector<std::string>& MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::getInfo()
   return contentNotNullBase()->getInfo();
 }
 
-MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const char *mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId)
+MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const std::string& mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId)
 {
   return contentNotNullBase()->getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(mName,typ,locId);
 }
 
-const MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const char *mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId) const
+const MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const std::string& mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId) const
 {
   return contentNotNullBase()->getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(mName,typ,locId);
 }
 
-int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::getNonEmptyLevels(const char *mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const
+int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::getNonEmptyLevels(const std::string& mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const
 {
   return contentNotNullBase()->getNonEmptyLevels(mname,levs);
 }
@@ -5820,7 +5820,7 @@ std::vector<TypeOfField> MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::getTypesOfFieldAvailable() cons
   return contentNotNullBase()->getTypesOfFieldAvailable();
 }
 
-std::vector< std::vector<std::pair<int,int> > > MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::getFieldSplitedByType(const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF,
+std::vector< std::vector<std::pair<int,int> > > MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::getFieldSplitedByType(const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF,
                                                                                        std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
 {
   return contentNotNullBase()->getFieldSplitedByType(mname,types,typesF,pfls,locs);
@@ -5891,7 +5891,7 @@ int MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS::copyTinyInfoFrom(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field
  *          is to delete this field using decrRef() as it is no more needed.
  *  \throw If reading the file fails.
  */
-MEDFileField1TS *MEDFileField1TS::New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileField1TS *MEDFileField1TS::New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileField1TS> ret=new MEDFileField1TS(fileName,loadAll);
   ret->contentNotNull();
@@ -5908,7 +5908,7 @@ MEDFileField1TS *MEDFileField1TS::New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
  *  \throw If reading the file fails.
  *  \throw If there is no field named \a fieldName in the file.
  */
-MEDFileField1TS *MEDFileField1TS::New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileField1TS *MEDFileField1TS::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileField1TS> ret=new MEDFileField1TS(fileName,fieldName,loadAll);
   ret->contentNotNull();
@@ -5928,7 +5928,7 @@ MEDFileField1TS *MEDFileField1TS::New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldNam
  *  \throw If there is no field named \a fieldName in the file.
  *  \throw If the required time step is missing from the file.
  */
-MEDFileField1TS *MEDFileField1TS::New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileField1TS *MEDFileField1TS::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileField1TS> ret=new MEDFileField1TS(fileName,fieldName,iteration,order,loadAll);
   ret->contentNotNull();
@@ -6040,21 +6040,21 @@ DataArrayDouble *MEDFileField1TS::ReturnSafelyDataArrayDouble(MEDCouplingAutoRef
   return arrOutC;
 }
 
-MEDFileField1TS::MEDFileField1TS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileField1TS::MEDFileField1TS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(fileName,loadAll)
 {
 }
 catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
   { throw e; }
 
-MEDFileField1TS::MEDFileField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileField1TS::MEDFileField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(fileName,fieldName,loadAll)
 {
 }
 catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
   { throw e; }
 
-MEDFileField1TS::MEDFileField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileField1TS::MEDFileField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(fileName,fieldName,iteration,order,loadAll)
 {
 }
@@ -6107,7 +6107,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileField1TS::getFieldAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int m
   if(getFileName2().empty())
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileField1TS::getFieldAtLevel : Request for a method that can be used for instances coming from file loading ! Use getFieldOnMeshAtLevel method instead !");
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray> arrOut;
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=contentNotNull()->getFieldAtLevel(type,meshDimRelToMax,0,renumPol,this,arrOut,*contentNotNull());
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=contentNotNull()->getFieldAtLevel(type,meshDimRelToMax,std::string(),renumPol,this,arrOut,*contentNotNull());
   MEDFileField1TS::SetDataArrayDoubleInField(ret,arrOut);
   return ret.retn();
 }
@@ -6139,7 +6139,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileField1TS::getFieldAtTopLevel(TypeOfField type, in
   if(getFileName2().empty())
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileField1TS::getFieldAtTopLevel : Request for a method that can be used for instances coming from file loading ! Use getFieldOnMeshAtTopLevel method instead !");
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray> arrOut;
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=contentNotNull()->getFieldAtTopLevel(type,0,renumPol,this,arrOut,*contentNotNull());
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=contentNotNull()->getFieldAtTopLevel(type,std::string(),renumPol,this,arrOut,*contentNotNull());
   MEDFileField1TS::SetDataArrayDoubleInField(ret,arrOut);
   return ret.retn();
 }
@@ -6227,7 +6227,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileField1TS::getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type,
  *  \throw If no field values of the given \a type or given \a meshDimRelToMax are available.
  *  \sa getFieldAtLevel()
  */
-MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileField1TS::getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const char *mname, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol) const
+MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileField1TS::getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const std::string& mname, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol) const
 {
   if(getFileName2().empty())
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileField1TS::getFieldAtLevelOld : Request for a method that can be used for instances coming from file loading ! Use getFieldOnMeshAtLevel method instead !");
@@ -6321,7 +6321,7 @@ DataArrayDouble *MEDFileField1TS::getUndergroundDataArrayExt(std::vector< std::p
   return contentNotNull()->getUndergroundDataArrayDoubleExt(entries);
 }
 
-std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > MEDFileField1TS::getFieldSplitedByType2(const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF,
+std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > MEDFileField1TS::getFieldSplitedByType2(const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF,
                                                                                       std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
 {
   return contentNotNull()->getFieldSplitedByType2(mname,types,typesF,pfls,locs);
@@ -6336,21 +6336,21 @@ MEDFileIntField1TS *MEDFileIntField1TS::New()
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-MEDFileIntField1TS *MEDFileIntField1TS::New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileIntField1TS *MEDFileIntField1TS::New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileIntField1TS> ret=new MEDFileIntField1TS(fileName,loadAll);
   ret->contentNotNull();
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-MEDFileIntField1TS *MEDFileIntField1TS::New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileIntField1TS *MEDFileIntField1TS::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileIntField1TS> ret=new MEDFileIntField1TS(fileName,fieldName,loadAll);
   ret->contentNotNull();
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-MEDFileIntField1TS *MEDFileIntField1TS::New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileIntField1TS *MEDFileIntField1TS::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileIntField1TS> ret=new MEDFileIntField1TS(fileName,fieldName,iteration,order,loadAll);
   ret->contentNotNull();
@@ -6369,21 +6369,21 @@ MEDFileIntField1TS::MEDFileIntField1TS()
   _content=new MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA;
 }
 
-MEDFileIntField1TS::MEDFileIntField1TS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileIntField1TS::MEDFileIntField1TS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(fileName,loadAll)
 {
 }
 catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
   { throw e; }
 
-MEDFileIntField1TS::MEDFileIntField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileIntField1TS::MEDFileIntField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(fileName,fieldName,loadAll)
 {
 }
 catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
   { throw e; }
 
-MEDFileIntField1TS::MEDFileIntField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileIntField1TS::MEDFileIntField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(fileName,fieldName,iteration,order,loadAll)
 {
 }
@@ -6499,7 +6499,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileIntField1TS::getFieldAtLevel(TypeOfField type, in
   if(getFileName2().empty())
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileIntField1TS::getFieldAtLevel : Request for a method that can be used for instances coming from file loading ! Use getFieldOnMeshAtLevel method instead !");
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray> arrOut2;
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=contentNotNull()->getFieldAtLevel(type,meshDimRelToMax,0,renumPol,this,arrOut2,*contentNotNull());
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=contentNotNull()->getFieldAtLevel(type,meshDimRelToMax,std::string(),renumPol,this,arrOut2,*contentNotNull());
   DataArrayInt *arrOutC=dynamic_cast<DataArrayInt *>((DataArray *)arrOut2);
   if(!arrOutC)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileIntField1TS::getFieldAtLevelOld : mismatch between dataArrays type and MEDFileIntField1TS ! Expected int32 !");
@@ -6546,7 +6546,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileIntField1TS::getFieldAtTopLevel(TypeOfField type,
   if(getFileName2().empty())
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileField1TS::getFieldAtTopLevel : Request for a method that can be used for instances coming from file loading ! Use getFieldOnMeshAtTopLevel method instead !");
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray> arr;
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=contentNotNull()->getFieldAtTopLevel(type,0,renumPol,this,arr,*contentNotNull());
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=contentNotNull()->getFieldAtTopLevel(type,std::string(),renumPol,this,arr,*contentNotNull());
   arrOut=MEDFileIntField1TS::ReturnSafelyDataArrayInt(arr);
   return ret.retn();
 }
@@ -6637,7 +6637,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileIntField1TS::getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField ty
  *  \throw If no field values of the given \a type or given \a meshDimRelToMax are available.
  *  \sa getFieldAtLevel()
  */
-MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileIntField1TS::getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const char *mname, int meshDimRelToMax, DataArrayInt* &arrOut, int renumPol) const
+MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileIntField1TS::getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const std::string& mname, int meshDimRelToMax, DataArrayInt* &arrOut, int renumPol) const
 {
   if(getFileName2().empty())
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileField1TS::getFieldAtLevelOld : Request for a method that can be used for instances coming from file loading ! Use getFieldOnMeshAtLevel method instead !");
@@ -6691,7 +6691,7 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA()
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(const char *fieldName):MEDFileFieldNameScope(fieldName)
+MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(const std::string& fieldName):MEDFileFieldNameScope(fieldName)
 {
 }
 
@@ -6707,7 +6707,7 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_i
   loadStructureOrStructureAndBigArraysRecursively(fid,nbOfStep,typcha,loadAll);
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, const char *fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, const std::string& fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileFieldNameScope(fieldName),_infos(infos)
 {
   setDtUnit(dtunit.c_str());
@@ -6886,7 +6886,7 @@ std::string MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::getMeshName() const
   return _time_steps[0]->getMeshName();
 }
 
-void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::setMeshName(const char *newMeshName)
+void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::setMeshName(const std::string& newMeshName)
 {
   std::string oldName(getMeshName());
   std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> > v(1);
@@ -6922,7 +6922,7 @@ DataArray *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::getUndergroundDataArrayExt(int
   return getTimeStepEntry(iteration,order).getUndergroundDataArrayExt(entries);
 }
 
-bool MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const char *meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N,
+bool MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const std::string& meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N,
                                                                 MEDFileFieldGlobsReal& glob)
 {
   bool ret=false;
@@ -7243,7 +7243,7 @@ std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::getItera
  * To retrieve the highest level of f2 it should be done, f1->getFieldAtLevel(ON_CELLS,2-3+0);//absDim-meshDim+relativeLev
  * To retrieve the lowest level of f2 it should be done, f1->getFieldAtLevel(ON_CELLS,2-3+(-1));//absDim-meshDim+relativeLev
  */
-int MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::getNonEmptyLevels(int iteration, int order, const char *mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const
+int MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::getNonEmptyLevels(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const
 {
   return getTimeStepEntry(iteration,order).getNonEmptyLevels(mname,levs);
 }
@@ -7362,7 +7362,7 @@ std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> > MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::ge
 /*!
  * entry point for users that want to iterate into MEDFile DataStructure without any overhead.
  */
-std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > > MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::getFieldSplitedByType(int iteration, int order, const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const
+std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > > MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::getFieldSplitedByType(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const
 {
   return getTimeStepEntry(iteration,order).getFieldSplitedByType(mname,types,typesF,pfls,locs);
 }
@@ -7565,7 +7565,7 @@ void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::setIteration(int i, MEDCouplingAutoRe
 
 //= MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA
 
-MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::New(med_idt fid, const char *fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::New(med_idt fid, const std::string& fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll)
 {
   return new MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(fid,fieldName,fieldTyp,infos,nbOfStep,dtunit,loadAll);
 }
@@ -7574,7 +7574,7 @@ MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA()
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(const char *fieldName):MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(fieldName)
+MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(const std::string& fieldName):MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(fieldName)
 {
 }
 
@@ -7588,7 +7588,7 @@ try:MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(fid,fieldId,loadAll)
 catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
   { throw e; }
 
-MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, const char *fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, const std::string& fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(fid,fieldName,fieldTyp,infos,nbOfStep,dtunit,loadAll)
 {
 }
@@ -7628,7 +7628,7 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::createNew()
  * entry point for users that want to iterate into MEDFile DataStructure with a reduced overhead because output arrays are extracted (created) specially
  * for the call of this method. That's why the DataArrayDouble instance in returned vector of vector should be dealed by the caller.
  */
-std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::getFieldSplitedByType2(int iteration, int order, const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const
+std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::getFieldSplitedByType2(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const
 {
   const MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA& myF1TS=getTimeStepEntry(iteration,order);
   const MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA *myF1TSC=dynamic_cast<const MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA *>(&myF1TS);
@@ -7663,11 +7663,11 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS()
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileFieldGlobsReal(fileName)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   _content=BuildContentFrom(fid,fileName,loadAll);
   loadGlobals(fid);
 }
@@ -7676,7 +7676,7 @@ catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
     throw e;
   }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll)
 {
   med_field_type typcha;
   std::vector<std::string> infos;
@@ -7706,7 +7706,7 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::BuildContentFr
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 {
   med_field_type typcha;
   //
@@ -7736,7 +7736,7 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::BuildContentFr
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::BuildNewInstanceFromContent(MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *c, const char *fileName)
+MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::BuildNewInstanceFromContent(MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *c, const std::string& fileName)
 {
   if(!c)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::BuildNewInstanceFromContent : empty content in input : unable to build a new instance !");
@@ -7757,11 +7757,11 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::BuildNewInstanceFromCont
   throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::BuildNewInstanceFromContent : internal error ! a content of type different from FLOAT64 and INT32 has been built but not intercepted !");
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileFieldGlobsReal(fileName)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   _content=BuildContentFrom(fid,fileName,fieldName,loadAll);
   loadGlobals(fid);
 }
@@ -7772,7 +7772,7 @@ catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
 
 //= MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA
 
-MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::New(med_idt fid, const char *fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::New(med_idt fid, const std::string& fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll)
 {
   return new MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(fid,fieldName,fieldTyp,infos,nbOfStep,dtunit,loadAll);
 }
@@ -7781,11 +7781,11 @@ MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA()
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(const char *fieldName):MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(fieldName)
+MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(const std::string& fieldName):MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(fieldName)
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, const char *fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, const std::string& fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(fid,fieldName,fieldTyp,infos,nbOfStep,dtunit,loadAll)
 {
 }
@@ -7861,10 +7861,10 @@ MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA::convertToDouble
  *          is to delete this field using decrRef() as it is no more needed.
  *  \throw If reading the file fails.
  */
-MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA> c=BuildContentFrom(fid,fileName,loadAll);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS> ret=BuildNewInstanceFromContent(c,fileName);
   ret->loadGlobals(fid);
@@ -7881,10 +7881,10 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::New(const char *fileName
  *  \throw If reading the file fails.
  *  \throw If there is no field named \a fieldName in the file.
  */
-MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA> c=BuildContentFrom(fid,fileName,fieldName,loadAll);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS> ret=BuildNewInstanceFromContent(c,fileName);
   ret->loadGlobals(fid);
@@ -8035,7 +8035,7 @@ int MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::getPosGivenTime(double time, double eps) const
   return contentNotNullBase()->getPosGivenTime(time,eps);
 }
 
-int MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::getNonEmptyLevels(int iteration, int order, const char *mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const
+int MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::getNonEmptyLevels(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const
 {
   return contentNotNullBase()->getNonEmptyLevels(iteration,order,mname,levs);
 }
@@ -8045,7 +8045,7 @@ std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> > MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::getTypesOfFi
   return contentNotNullBase()->getTypesOfFieldAvailable();
 }
 
-std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > > MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::getFieldSplitedByType(int iteration, int order, const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const
+std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > > MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::getFieldSplitedByType(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const
 {
   return contentNotNullBase()->getFieldSplitedByType(iteration,order,mname,types,typesF,pfls,locs);
 }
@@ -8055,7 +8055,7 @@ std::string MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::getName() const
   return contentNotNullBase()->getName();
 }
 
-void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::setName(const char *name)
+void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::setName(const std::string& name)
 {
   contentNotNullBase()->setName(name);
 }
@@ -8065,7 +8065,7 @@ std::string MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::getDtUnit() const
   return contentNotNullBase()->getDtUnit();
 }
 
-void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::setDtUnit(const char *dtUnit)
+void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::setDtUnit(const std::string& dtUnit)
 {
   contentNotNullBase()->setDtUnit(dtUnit);
 }
@@ -8085,7 +8085,7 @@ std::string MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::getMeshName() const
   return contentNotNullBase()->getMeshName();
 }
 
-void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::setMeshName(const char *newMeshName)
+void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::setMeshName(const std::string& newMeshName)
 {
   contentNotNullBase()->setMeshName(newMeshName);
 }
@@ -8128,10 +8128,10 @@ void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::writeLL(med_idt fid) const
  *  \throw If no field data is set.
  *  \throw If \a mode == 1 and the same data is present in an existing file.
  */
-void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::write(const char *fileName, int mode) const
+void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const
 {
   med_access_mode medmod=MEDFileUtilities::TraduceWriteMode(mode);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,medmod);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),medmod);
   writeLL(fid);
 }
 
@@ -8144,7 +8144,7 @@ void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::write(const char *fileName, int mode) const
  */
 void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::loadArrays()
 {
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(getFileName(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(getFileName().c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   contentNotNullBase()->loadBigArraysRecursively(fid,*contentNotNullBase());
 }
 
@@ -8157,7 +8157,7 @@ void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::loadArrays()
  */
 void MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS::loadArraysIfNecessary()
 {
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(getFileName(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(getFileName().c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   contentNotNullBase()->loadBigArraysRecursivelyIfNecessary(fid,*contentNotNullBase());
 }
 
@@ -8511,7 +8511,7 @@ MEDFileFieldMultiTS *MEDFileFieldMultiTS::New()
  *          is to delete this field using decrRef() as it is no more needed.
  *  \throw If reading the file fails.
  */
-MEDFileFieldMultiTS *MEDFileFieldMultiTS::New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileFieldMultiTS *MEDFileFieldMultiTS::New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileFieldMultiTS> ret=new MEDFileFieldMultiTS(fileName,loadAll);
   ret->contentNotNull();//to check that content type matches with \a this type.
@@ -8528,7 +8528,7 @@ MEDFileFieldMultiTS *MEDFileFieldMultiTS::New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll
  *  \throw If reading the file fails.
  *  \throw If there is no field named \a fieldName in the file.
  */
-MEDFileFieldMultiTS *MEDFileFieldMultiTS::New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileFieldMultiTS *MEDFileFieldMultiTS::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileFieldMultiTS> ret=new MEDFileFieldMultiTS(fileName,fieldName,loadAll);
   ret->contentNotNull();//to check that content type matches with \a this type.
@@ -8650,7 +8650,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileFieldMultiTS::getFieldAtLevel(TypeOfField type, i
   if(!myF1TSC)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileFieldMultiTS::getFieldAtLevel : mismatch of type of field expecting FLOAT64 !");
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray> arrOut;
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=myF1TSC->getFieldAtLevel(type,meshDimRelToMax,0,renumPol,this,arrOut,*contentNotNullBase());
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=myF1TSC->getFieldAtLevel(type,meshDimRelToMax,std::string(),renumPol,this,arrOut,*contentNotNullBase());
   MEDFileField1TS::SetDataArrayDoubleInField(ret,arrOut);
   return ret.retn();
 }
@@ -8682,7 +8682,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileFieldMultiTS::getFieldAtTopLevel(TypeOfField type
   if(!myF1TSC)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileFieldMultiTS::getFieldAtTopLevel : mismatch of type of field !");
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray> arrOut;
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=myF1TSC->getFieldAtTopLevel(type,0,renumPol,this,arrOut,*contentNotNullBase());
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=myF1TSC->getFieldAtTopLevel(type,std::string(),renumPol,this,arrOut,*contentNotNullBase());
   MEDFileField1TS::SetDataArrayDoubleInField(ret,arrOut);
   return ret.retn();
 }
@@ -8758,7 +8758,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileFieldMultiTS::getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField t
  * This method is called 'old' because the user should give the mesh name he wants to use for it's field.
  * This method is useful for MED2 file format when field on different mesh was autorized.
  */
-MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileFieldMultiTS::getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const char *mname, int iteration, int order, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol) const
+MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileFieldMultiTS::getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const std::string& mname, int iteration, int order, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol) const
 {
   const MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA& myF1TS=contentNotNullBase()->getTimeStepEntry(iteration,order);
   const MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA *myF1TSC=dynamic_cast<const MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA *>(&myF1TS);
@@ -8876,14 +8876,14 @@ MEDFileFieldMultiTS::MEDFileFieldMultiTS()
   _content=new MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA;
 }
 
-MEDFileFieldMultiTS::MEDFileFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileFieldMultiTS::MEDFileFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS(fileName,loadAll)
 {
 }
 catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
   { throw e; }
 
-MEDFileFieldMultiTS::MEDFileFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileFieldMultiTS::MEDFileFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS(fileName,fieldName,loadAll)
 {
 }
@@ -8894,7 +8894,7 @@ MEDFileFieldMultiTS::MEDFileFieldMultiTS(const MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA& ot
 {
 }
 
-std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > MEDFileFieldMultiTS::getFieldSplitedByType2(int iteration, int order, const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const
+std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > MEDFileFieldMultiTS::getFieldSplitedByType2(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const
 {
   return contentNotNull()->getFieldSplitedByType2(iteration,order,mname,types,typesF,pfls,locs);
 }
@@ -8958,7 +8958,7 @@ MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::New()
  *          is to delete this field using decrRef() as it is no more needed.
  *  \throw If reading the file fails.
  */
-MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS> ret=new MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(fileName,loadAll);
   ret->contentNotNull();//to check that content type matches with \a this type.
@@ -8975,7 +8975,7 @@ MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::New(const char *fileName, bool l
  *  \throw If reading the file fails.
  *  \throw If there is no field named \a fieldName in the file.
  */
-MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS> ret=new MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(fileName,fieldName,loadAll);
   ret->contentNotNull();//to check that content type matches with \a this type.
@@ -9072,7 +9072,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::getFieldAtLevel(TypeOfField type
   if(!myF1TSC)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::getFieldAtLevel : mismatch of type of field expecting INT32 !");
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray> arr;
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=myF1TSC->getFieldAtLevel(type,meshDimRelToMax,0,renumPol,this,arr,*contentNotNullBase());
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=myF1TSC->getFieldAtLevel(type,meshDimRelToMax,std::string(),renumPol,this,arr,*contentNotNullBase());
   arrOut=MEDFileIntField1TS::ReturnSafelyDataArrayInt(arr);
   return ret.retn();
 }
@@ -9105,7 +9105,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::getFieldAtTopLevel(TypeOfField t
   if(!myF1TSC)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::getFieldAtTopLevel : mismatch of type of field ! INT32 expected !");
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray> arr;
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=myF1TSC->getFieldAtTopLevel(type,0,renumPol,this,arr,*contentNotNullBase());
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingFieldDouble> ret=myF1TSC->getFieldAtTopLevel(type,std::string(),renumPol,this,arr,*contentNotNullBase());
   arrOut=MEDFileIntField1TS::ReturnSafelyDataArrayInt(arr);
   return ret.retn();
 }
@@ -9183,7 +9183,7 @@ MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfFiel
  * This method is called 'old' because the user should give the mesh name he wants to use for it's field.
  * This method is useful for MED2 file format when field on different mesh was autorized.
  */
-MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, const char *mname, int meshDimRelToMax, DataArrayInt* &arrOut, int renumPol) const
+MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, int meshDimRelToMax, DataArrayInt* &arrOut, int renumPol) const
 {
   const MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA& myF1TS=contentNotNullBase()->getTimeStepEntry(iteration,order);
   const MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA *myF1TSC=dynamic_cast<const MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA *>(&myF1TS);
@@ -9326,14 +9326,14 @@ MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(const MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWitho
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS(fileName,loadAll)
 {
 }
 catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
   { throw e; }
 
-MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS(fileName,fieldName,loadAll)
 {
 }
@@ -9352,7 +9352,7 @@ MEDFileFields *MEDFileFields::New()
   return new MEDFileFields;
 }
 
-MEDFileFields *MEDFileFields::New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileFields *MEDFileFields::New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 {
   return new MEDFileFields(fileName,loadAll);
 }
@@ -9516,11 +9516,11 @@ MEDFileFields::MEDFileFields()
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileFields::MEDFileFields(const char *fileName, bool loadAll)
+MEDFileFields::MEDFileFields(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll)
 try:MEDFileFieldGlobsReal(fileName)
   {
     MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-    MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+    MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
     int nbFields=MEDnField(fid);
     _fields.resize(nbFields);
     med_field_type typcha;
@@ -9571,10 +9571,10 @@ void MEDFileFields::writeLL(med_idt fid) const
     }
 }
 
-void MEDFileFields::write(const char *fileName, int mode) const
+void MEDFileFields::write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const
 {
   med_access_mode medmod=MEDFileUtilities::TraduceWriteMode(mode);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,medmod);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid(MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),medmod));
   writeLL(fid);
 }
 
@@ -9587,7 +9587,7 @@ void MEDFileFields::write(const char *fileName, int mode) const
  */
 void MEDFileFields::loadArrays()
 {
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(getFileName(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(getFileName().c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   for(std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA> >::iterator it=_fields.begin();it!=_fields.end();it++)
     {
       MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *elt(*it);
@@ -9605,7 +9605,7 @@ void MEDFileFields::loadArrays()
  */
 void MEDFileFields::loadArraysIfNecessary()
 {
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(getFileName(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(getFileName().c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   for(std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA> >::iterator it=_fields.begin();it!=_fields.end();it++)
     {
       MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *elt(*it);
@@ -9622,7 +9622,7 @@ void MEDFileFields::loadArraysIfNecessary()
  */
 void MEDFileFields::unloadArrays()
 {
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(getFileName(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(getFileName().c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   for(std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA> >::iterator it=_fields.begin();it!=_fields.end();it++)
     {
       MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *elt(*it);
@@ -9797,7 +9797,7 @@ bool MEDFileFields::changeMeshNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std
  * \return If true a renumbering has been performed. The structure in \a this has been modified. If false, nothing has been done: it is typically the case if \a meshName is not refered by any 
  *         field in \a this.
  */
-bool MEDFileFields::renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const char *meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N)
+bool MEDFileFields::renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const std::string& meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N)
 {
   bool ret=false;
   for(std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA> >::iterator it=_fields.begin();it!=_fields.end();it++)
@@ -9861,7 +9861,7 @@ MEDFileFields *MEDFileFields::buildSubPart(const int *startIds, const int *endId
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *MEDFileFields::getFieldWithName(const char *fieldName) const
+MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *MEDFileFields::getFieldWithName(const std::string& fieldName) const
 {
   return getFieldAtPos(getPosFromFieldName(fieldName));
 }
@@ -9875,7 +9875,7 @@ MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *MEDFileFields::getFieldWithName(const char *fieldNam
  * \param [in] meshName - the name of the mesh on w
  * \return a new object that the caller should deal with.
  */
-MEDFileFields *MEDFileFields::partOfThisLyingOnSpecifiedMeshName(const char *meshName) const
+MEDFileFields *MEDFileFields::partOfThisLyingOnSpecifiedMeshName(const std::string& meshName) const
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileFields> ret=MEDFileFields::New();
   for(std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA> >::const_iterator it=_fields.begin();it!=_fields.end();it++)
@@ -9946,7 +9946,7 @@ MEDFileFieldsIterator *MEDFileFields::iterator()
   return new MEDFileFieldsIterator(this);
 }
 
-int MEDFileFields::getPosFromFieldName(const char *fieldName) const
+int MEDFileFields::getPosFromFieldName(const std::string& fieldName) const
 {
   std::string tmp(fieldName);
   std::vector<std::string> poss;
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileField.hxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileField.hxx
index 3da4614aa..2d54b1a02 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileField.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileField.hxx
@@ -52,17 +52,17 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void simpleRepr(std::ostream& oss) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getName() const { return _name; }
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const char *name);
-    static MEDFileFieldLoc *New(med_idt fid, const char *locName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const std::string& name);
+    static MEDFileFieldLoc *New(med_idt fid, const std::string& locName);
     static MEDFileFieldLoc *New(med_idt fid, int id);
-    static MEDFileFieldLoc *New(const char *locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType, const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w);
+    static MEDFileFieldLoc *New(const std::string& locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType, const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w);
     std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
     MEDFileFieldLoc *deepCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNbOfGaussPtPerCell() const { return _nb_gauss_pt; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void writeLL(med_idt fid) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string repr() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool isName(const char *name) const { return _name==name; }
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool isName(const std::string& name) const { return _name==name; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getDimension() const { return _dim; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNumberOfGaussPoints() const { return _nb_gauss_pt; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNumberOfPointsInCells() const { return _nb_node_per_cell; }
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType getGeoType() const { return _geo_type; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool isEqual(const MEDFileFieldLoc& other, double eps) const;
   private:
-    MEDFileFieldLoc(med_idt fid, const char *locName);
+    MEDFileFieldLoc(med_idt fid, const std::string& locName);
     MEDFileFieldLoc(med_idt fid, int id);
-    MEDFileFieldLoc(const char *locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType, const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w);
+    MEDFileFieldLoc(const std::string& locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType, const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w);
   private:
     int _dim;
     int _nb_gauss_pt;
@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     const DataArray *getOrCreateAndGetArray() const;
     const std::vector<std::string>& getInfo() const;
     std::string getProfile() const;
-    void setProfile(const char *newPflName);
+    void setProfile(const std::string& newPflName);
     std::string getLocalization() const;
-    void setLocalization(const char *newLocName);
+    void setLocalization(const std::string& newLocName);
     int getLocId() const { return _loc_id; }
     void setLocId(int newId) const { _loc_id=newId; }
     void setFather(MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerType *newFather) { _father=newFather; }
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     std::vector<std::string> getPflsReallyUsedMulti() const;
     std::vector<std::string> getLocsReallyUsedMulti() const;
     bool changeMeshNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> >& modifTab);
-    bool renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const char *meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N, MEDFileFieldGlobsReal& glob);
+    bool renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const std::string& meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N, MEDFileFieldGlobsReal& glob);
     void keepOnlySpatialDiscretization(TypeOfField tof, int &globalNum, std::vector< std::pair<int,int> >& its);
     void changePflsRefsNamesGen(const std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > >& mapOfModif);
     void changeLocsRefsNamesGen(const std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > >& mapOfModif);
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileFieldGlobs : public RefCountObject
   {
   public:
-    static MEDFileFieldGlobs *New(const char *fname);
+    static MEDFileFieldGlobs *New(const std::string& fname);
     static MEDFileFieldGlobs *New();
     std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
@@ -315,43 +315,43 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     void appendGlobs(const MEDFileFieldGlobs& other, double eps);
     void checkGlobsPflsPartCoherency(const std::vector<std::string>& pflsUsed) const;
     void checkGlobsLocsPartCoherency(const std::vector<std::string>& locsUsed) const;
-    void loadProfileInFile(med_idt fid, int id, const char *pflName);
+    void loadProfileInFile(med_idt fid, int id, const std::string& pflName);
     void loadProfileInFile(med_idt fid, int id);
     void loadGlobals(med_idt fid, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal& real);
     void loadAllGlobals(med_idt fid);
     void writeGlobals(med_idt fid, const MEDFileWritable& opt) const;
     std::vector<std::string> getPfls() const;
     std::vector<std::string> getLocs() const;
-    bool existsPfl(const char *pflName) const;
-    bool existsLoc(const char *locName) const;
+    bool existsPfl(const std::string& pflName) const;
+    bool existsLoc(const std::string& locName) const;
     std::string createNewNameOfPfl() const;
     std::string createNewNameOfLoc() const;
     std::vector< std::vector<int> > whichAreEqualProfiles() const;
     std::vector< std::vector<int> > whichAreEqualLocs(double eps) const;
-    void setFileName(const char *fileName);
+    void setFileName(const std::string& fileName);
     void changePflsNamesInStruct(const std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > >& mapOfModif);
     void changeLocsNamesInStruct(const std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > >& mapOfModif);
     int getNbOfGaussPtPerCell(int locId) const;
-    int getLocalizationId(const char *loc) const;
-    const char *getFileName() const { return _file_name.c_str(); }
+    int getLocalizationId(const std::string& loc) const;
+    std::string getFileName() const { return _file_name; }
     std::string getFileName2() const { return _file_name; }
     const MEDFileFieldLoc& getLocalizationFromId(int locId) const;
-    const MEDFileFieldLoc& getLocalization(const char *locName) const;
+    const MEDFileFieldLoc& getLocalization(const std::string& locName) const;
     const DataArrayInt *getProfileFromId(int pflId) const;
-    const DataArrayInt *getProfile(const char *pflName) const;
+    const DataArrayInt *getProfile(const std::string& pflName) const;
     MEDFileFieldLoc& getLocalizationFromId(int locId);
-    MEDFileFieldLoc& getLocalization(const char *locName);
-    DataArrayInt *getProfile(const char *pflName);
+    MEDFileFieldLoc& getLocalization(const std::string& locName);
+    DataArrayInt *getProfile(const std::string& pflName);
     DataArrayInt *getProfileFromId(int pflId);
     void killProfileIds(const std::vector<int>& pflIds);
     void killLocalizationIds(const std::vector<int>& locIds);
     //
     void appendProfile(DataArrayInt *pfl);
-    void appendLoc(const char *locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType, const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w);
+    void appendLoc(const std::string& locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType, const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w);
     //
-    static std::string CreateNewNameNotIn(const char *prefix, const std::vector<std::string>& namesToAvoid);
+    static std::string CreateNewNameNotIn(const std::string& prefix, const std::vector<std::string>& namesToAvoid);
   protected:
-    MEDFileFieldGlobs(const char *fname);
+    MEDFileFieldGlobs(const std::string& fname);
     MEDFileFieldGlobs();
     ~MEDFileFieldGlobs();
   protected:
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileFieldGlobsReal
   {
   public:
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldGlobsReal(const char *fname);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldGlobsReal(const std::string& fname);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldGlobsReal();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
@@ -387,45 +387,45 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual void changeLocsRefsNamesGen(const std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > >& mapOfModif) = 0;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual ~MEDFileFieldGlobsReal();
     //
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void loadProfileInFile(med_idt fid, int id, const char *pflName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void loadProfileInFile(med_idt fid, int id, const std::string& pflName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void loadProfileInFile(med_idt fid, int id);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void loadGlobals(med_idt fid);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void loadAllGlobals(med_idt fid);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void writeGlobals(med_idt fid, const MEDFileWritable& opt) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getPfls() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getLocs() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool existsPfl(const char *pflName) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool existsLoc(const char *locName) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool existsPfl(const std::string& pflName) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool existsLoc(const std::string& locName) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string createNewNameOfPfl() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string createNewNameOfLoc() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<int> > whichAreEqualProfiles() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<int> > whichAreEqualLocs(double eps) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setFileName(const char *fileName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setFileName(const std::string& fileName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changePflsNamesInStruct(const std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > >& mapOfModif);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changeLocsNamesInStruct(const std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > >& mapOfModif);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changePflsNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > >& mapOfModif);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changeLocsNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > >& mapOfModif);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changePflName(const char *oldName, const char *newName);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changeLocName(const char *oldName, const char *newName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changePflName(const std::string& oldName, const std::string& newName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changeLocName(const std::string& oldName, const std::string& newName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > > zipPflsNames();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > > zipLocsNames(double eps);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNbOfGaussPtPerCell(int locId) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getLocalizationId(const char *loc) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT const char *getFileName() const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getLocalizationId(const std::string& loc) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getFileName() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getFileName2() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT const MEDFileFieldLoc& getLocalizationFromId(int locId) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT const MEDFileFieldLoc& getLocalization(const char *locName) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT const MEDFileFieldLoc& getLocalization(const std::string& locName) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldLoc& getLocalizationFromId(int locId);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldLoc& getLocalization(const char *locName);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT const DataArrayInt *getProfile(const char *pflName) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldLoc& getLocalization(const std::string& locName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT const DataArrayInt *getProfile(const std::string& pflName) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT const DataArrayInt *getProfileFromId(int pflId) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayInt *getProfile(const char *pflName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayInt *getProfile(const std::string& pflName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayInt *getProfileFromId(int pflId);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void killProfileIds(const std::vector<int>& pflIds);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void killLocalizationIds(const std::vector<int>& locIds);
     //
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void appendProfile(DataArrayInt *pfl);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void appendLoc(const char *locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType, const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void appendLoc(const std::string& locName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType geoType, const std::vector<double>& refCoo, const std::vector<double>& gsCoo, const std::vector<double>& w);
   protected:
     MEDFileFieldGlobs *contentNotNull();
     const MEDFileFieldGlobs *contentNotNull() const;
@@ -437,11 +437,11 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldNameScope();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldNameScope(const char *fieldName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldNameScope(const std::string& fieldName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getName() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const char *fieldName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const std::string& fieldName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getDtUnit() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setDtUnit(const char *dtUnit);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setDtUnit(const std::string& dtUnit);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void copyNameScope(const MEDFileFieldNameScope& other);
   protected:
     std::string _name;
@@ -455,14 +455,14 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA(const char *fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA(const std::string& fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getIteration() const { return _iteration; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getOrder() const { return _order; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT double getTime(int& iteration, int& order) const { iteration=_iteration; order=_order; return _dt; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setTime(int iteration, int order, double val) { _dt=val; _iteration=iteration; _order=order; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getDimension() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getMeshName() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setMeshName(const char *newMeshName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setMeshName(const std::string& newMeshName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool changeMeshNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> >& modifTab);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getMeshIteration() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getMeshOrder() const;
@@ -479,11 +479,11 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changePflsRefsNamesGen2(const std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > >& mapOfModif);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changeLocsRefsNamesGen2(const std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > >& mapOfModif);
     //
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNonEmptyLevels(const char *mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<std::pair<int,int> > > getFieldSplitedByType(const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNonEmptyLevels(const std::string& mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<std::pair<int,int> > > getFieldSplitedByType(const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const;
     //
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const char *mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT const MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const char *mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const std::string& mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT const MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const std::string& mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void deepCpyLeavesFrom(const MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA& other);
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNumberOfComponents() const;
@@ -507,13 +507,13 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual DataArray *getOrCreateAndGetArray() = 0;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual const DataArray *getOrCreateAndGetArray() const = 0;
   public:
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *mName, int renumPol, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *glob, MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray> &arrOut, const MEDFileFieldNameScope& nasc) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& mName, int renumPol, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *glob, MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray> &arrOut, const MEDFileFieldNameScope& nasc) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *glob, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray> &arrOut, const MEDFileFieldNameScope& nasc) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtTopLevel(TypeOfField type, const char *mName, int renumPol, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *glob, MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray> &arrOut, const MEDFileFieldNameScope& nasc) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtTopLevel(TypeOfField type, const std::string& mName, int renumPol, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *glob, MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray> &arrOut, const MEDFileFieldNameScope& nasc) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int renumPol, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *glob, const MEDCouplingMesh *mesh, const DataArrayInt *cellRenum, const DataArrayInt *nodeRenum, MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray> &arrOut, const MEDFileFieldNameScope& nasc) const;
     DataArray *getFieldWithProfile(TypeOfField type, int meshDimRelToMax, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, DataArrayInt *&pfl, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *glob, const MEDFileFieldNameScope& nasc) const;
   public:
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const char *meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N, MEDFileFieldGlobsReal& glob);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const std::string& meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N, MEDFileFieldGlobsReal& glob);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA> > splitDiscretizations() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int keepOnlySpatialDiscretization(TypeOfField tof, std::vector< std::pair<int,int> >& its);
   public:
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void unloadArrays();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void writeLL(med_idt fid, const MEDFileWritable& opts, const MEDFileFieldNameScope& nasc) const;
   protected:
-    int getMeshIdFromMeshName(const char *mName) const;
+    int getMeshIdFromMeshName(const std::string& mName) const;
     int addNewEntryIfNecessary(const MEDCouplingMesh *mesh);
     void updateData(int newLgth, const std::vector< std::pair<int,int> >& oldStartStops);
   protected:
@@ -557,13 +557,13 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArray *getUndergroundDataArrayExt(std::vector< std::pair<std::pair<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType,int>,std::pair<int,int> > >& entries) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *getUndergroundDataArrayDouble() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *getUndergroundDataArrayDoubleExt(std::vector< std::pair<std::pair<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType,int>,std::pair<int,int> > >& entries) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > getFieldSplitedByType2(const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > getFieldSplitedByType2(const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static void CheckMeshDimRel(int meshDimRelToMax);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static std::vector<int> CheckSBTMesh(const MEDCouplingMesh *mesh);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA *New(const char *fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order, const std::vector<std::string>& infos);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA *New(const std::string& fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order, const std::vector<std::string>& infos);
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA(const char *fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order, const std::vector<std::string>& infos);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA(const std::string& fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order, const std::vector<std::string>& infos);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *shallowCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *deepCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setArray(DataArray *arr);
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA *New(const char *fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order, const std::vector<std::string>& infos);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA *New(const std::string& fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order, const std::vector<std::string>& infos);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *deepCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *shallowCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT const char *getTypeStr() const;
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayInt *getUndergroundDataArrayIntExt(std::vector< std::pair<std::pair<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType,int>,std::pair<int,int> > >& entries) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA *convertToDouble() const;
   protected:
-    MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA(const char *fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order, const std::vector<std::string>& infos);
+    MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA(const std::string& fieldName, int csit, int iteration, int order, const std::vector<std::string>& infos);
   protected:
     MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr< DataArrayInt > _arr;
   public:
@@ -616,33 +616,33 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   protected:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS(const MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA& other, bool shallowCopyOfContent);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *BuildNewInstanceFromContent(MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *c, const char *fileName);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, bool loadAll);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *BuildNewInstanceFromContent(MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *c, const std::string& fileName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void writeLL(med_idt fid) const;
     // direct forwarding to MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA instance _content
   public:
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getDimension() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getIteration() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getOrder() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT double getTime(int& iteration, int& order) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setTime(int iteration, int order, double val);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getName() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const char *name);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const std::string& name);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string simpleRepr() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void simpleRepr(int bkOffset, std::ostream& oss, int f1tsId) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getDtUnit() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setDtUnit(const char *dtUnit);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setDtUnit(const std::string& dtUnit);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getMeshName() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setMeshName(const char *newMeshName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setMeshName(const std::string& newMeshName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool changeMeshNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> >& modifTab);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getMeshIteration() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getMeshOrder() const;
@@ -655,13 +655,13 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT const std::vector<std::string>& getInfo() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string>& getInfo();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<TypeOfField> getTypesOfFieldAvailable() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<std::pair<int,int> > > getFieldSplitedByType(const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF,
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<std::pair<int,int> > > getFieldSplitedByType(const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF,
                                                                           std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const char *mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT const MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const char *mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNonEmptyLevels(const char *mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const std::string& mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT const MEDFileFieldPerMeshPerTypePerDisc *getLeafGivenMeshAndTypeAndLocId(const std::string& mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNonEmptyLevels(const std::string& mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const;
   public:
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void loadArrays();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void loadArraysIfNecessary();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void unloadArrays();
@@ -672,9 +672,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *shallowCpy() const = 0;
   public:
     //! underground method see MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::setProfileNameOnLeaf
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setProfileNameOnLeaf(const char *mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const char *newPflName, bool forceRenameOnGlob=false);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setProfileNameOnLeaf(const std::string& mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const std::string& newPflName, bool forceRenameOnGlob=false);
     //! underground method see MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA::setLocNameOnLeaf
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setLocNameOnLeaf(const char *mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const char *newLocName, bool forceRenameOnGlob=false);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setLocNameOnLeaf(const std::string& mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const std::string& newLocName, bool forceRenameOnGlob=false);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getPflsReallyUsed() const;
@@ -684,8 +684,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changePflsRefsNamesGen(const std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > >& mapOfModif);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changeLocsRefsNamesGen(const std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > >& mapOfModif);
   public:
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static int LocateField2(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, int fieldIdCFormat, bool checkFieldId, std::string& fieldName, med_field_type& typcha, std::vector<std::string>& infos, std::string& dtunitOut);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static int LocateField(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int& posCFormat, med_field_type& typcha, std::vector<std::string>& infos, std::string& dtunitOut);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static int LocateField2(med_idt fid, const std::string& fileName, int fieldIdCFormat, bool checkFieldId, std::string& fieldName, med_field_type& typcha, std::vector<std::string>& infos, std::string& dtunitOut);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static int LocateField(med_idt fid, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int& posCFormat, med_field_type& typcha, std::vector<std::string>& infos, std::string& dtunitOut);
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual med_field_type getMEDFileFieldType() const = 0;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *contentNotNullBase();
@@ -702,9 +702,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileField1TS : public MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS
   {
   public:
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileField1TS *New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileField1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileField1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileField1TS *New(const MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA& other, bool shallowCopyOfContent);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileField1TS *New();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileIntField1TS *convertToInt(bool isDeepCpyGlobs=true) const;
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtTopLevel(TypeOfField type, int renumPol=0) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int meshDimRelToMax, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, int renumPol=0) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, const MEDCouplingMesh *mesh, int renumPol=0) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const char *mname, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol=0) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const std::string& mname, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol=0) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *getFieldWithProfile(TypeOfField type, int meshDimRelToMax, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, DataArrayInt *&pfl) const;
     //
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setFieldNoProfileSBT(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field);
@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *getUndergroundDataArray() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *getUndergroundDataArrayExt(std::vector< std::pair<std::pair<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType,int>,std::pair<int,int> > >& entries) const;
     
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > getFieldSplitedByType2(const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF,
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > getFieldSplitedByType2(const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF,
                                                                                           std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static void SetDataArrayDoubleInField(MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArray>& arr);
@@ -734,9 +734,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     const MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA *contentNotNull() const;
     MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA *contentNotNull();
   private:
-    MEDFileField1TS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll);
-    MEDFileField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll);
-    MEDFileField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileField1TS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll);
     MEDFileField1TS(const MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA& other, bool shallowCopyOfContent);
     MEDFileField1TS();
   };
@@ -745,9 +745,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntField1TS *New();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntField1TS *New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntField1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntField1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntField1TS *New(const MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA& other, bool shallowCopyOfContent);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileField1TS *convertToDouble(bool isDeepCpyGlobs=true) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *shallowCpy() const;
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtTopLevel(TypeOfField type, DataArrayInt* &arrOut, int renumPol=0) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int meshDimRelToMax, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, DataArrayInt* &arrOut, int renumPol=0) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, const MEDCouplingMesh *mesh, DataArrayInt* &arrOut, int renumPol=0) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const char *mname, int meshDimRelToMax, DataArrayInt* &arrOut, int renumPol=0) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const std::string& mname, int meshDimRelToMax, DataArrayInt* &arrOut, int renumPol=0) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayInt *getFieldWithProfile(TypeOfField type, int meshDimRelToMax, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, DataArrayInt *&pfl) const;
     //
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setFieldNoProfileSBT(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field, const DataArrayInt *arrOfVals);
@@ -770,9 +770,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA *contentNotNull();
   private:
     MEDFileIntField1TS();
-    MEDFileIntField1TS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll);
-    MEDFileIntField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll);
-    MEDFileIntField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileIntField1TS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileIntField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileIntField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll);
     MEDFileIntField1TS(const MEDFileIntField1TSWithoutSDA& other, bool shallowCopyOfContent);
   };
   
@@ -780,9 +780,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   protected:
     MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA();
-    MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(const char *fieldName);
+    MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(const std::string& fieldName);
     MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, int fieldId, bool loadAll);
-    MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, const char *fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, const std::string& fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll);
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT const MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA& getTimeStepEntry(int iteration, int order) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA& getTimeStepEntry(int iteration, int order);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getMeshName() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setMeshName(const char *newMeshName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setMeshName(const std::string& newMeshName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool changeMeshNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> >& modifTab);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNumberOfTS() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void eraseEmptyTS();
@@ -817,14 +817,14 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void pushBackTimeStep(MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA>& tse);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void synchronizeNameScope();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void simpleRepr(int bkOffset, std::ostream& oss, int fmtsId) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNonEmptyLevels(int iteration, int order, const char *mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNonEmptyLevels(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void appendFieldNoProfileSBT(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field, const DataArray *arr, MEDFileFieldGlobsReal& glob);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void appendFieldProfile(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field, const DataArray *arr, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, int meshDimRelToMax, const DataArrayInt *profile, MEDFileFieldGlobsReal& glob);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > > getFieldSplitedByType(int iteration, int order, const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > > getFieldSplitedByType(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> > getTypesOfFieldAvailable() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArray *getUndergroundDataArray(int iteration, int order) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArray *getUndergroundDataArrayExt(int iteration, int order, std::vector< std::pair<std::pair<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType,int>,std::pair<int,int> > >& entries) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const char *meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N, MEDFileFieldGlobsReal& glob);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const std::string& meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N, MEDFileFieldGlobsReal& glob);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void loadStructureOrStructureAndBigArraysRecursively(med_idt fid, int nbPdt, med_field_type fieldTyp, bool loadAll);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void writeLL(med_idt fid, const MEDFileWritable& opts) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void loadBigArraysRecursively(med_idt fid, const MEDFileFieldNameScope& nasc);
@@ -856,16 +856,16 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA : public MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA
   {
   public:
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *New(med_idt fid, const char *fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *New(med_idt fid, const std::string& fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, int fieldId, bool loadAll);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT const char *getTypeStr() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *shallowCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *createNew() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > getFieldSplitedByType2(int iteration, int order, const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > getFieldSplitedByType2(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *convertToInt() const;
   protected:
-    MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(const char *fieldName);
-    MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, const char *fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(const std::string& fieldName);
+    MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, const std::string& fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll);
     med_field_type getMEDFileFieldType() const { return MED_FLOAT64; }
     MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *createNew1TSWithoutSDAEmptyInstance() const;
     void checkCoherencyOfType(const MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *f1ts) const;
@@ -876,15 +876,15 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA : public MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA
   {
   public:
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *New(med_idt fid, const char *fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *New(med_idt fid, const std::string& fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, int fieldId, bool loadAll);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT const char *getTypeStr() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *shallowCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *createNew() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *convertToDouble() const;
   protected:
-    MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(const char *fieldName);
-    MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, const char *fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(const std::string& fieldName);
+    MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA(med_idt fid, const std::string& fieldName, med_field_type fieldTyp, const std::vector<std::string>& infos, int nbOfStep, const std::string& dtunit, bool loadAll);
     med_field_type getMEDFileFieldType() const { return MED_INT32; }
     MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *createNew1TSWithoutSDAEmptyInstance() const;
     void checkCoherencyOfType(const MEDFileAnyTypeField1TSWithoutSDA *f1ts) const;
@@ -901,19 +901,19 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   protected:
     MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS();
-    MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll);
-    MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll);
     MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS(const MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA& other, bool shallowCopyOfContent);
-    static MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *BuildNewInstanceFromContent(MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *c, const char *fileName);
-    static MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, bool loadAll);
-    static MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll);
+    static MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *BuildNewInstanceFromContent(MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *c, const std::string& fileName);
+    static MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll);
+    static MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA *BuildContentFrom(med_idt fid, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll);
   public:
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void loadArrays();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void loadArraysIfNecessary();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void unloadArrays();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void writeLL(med_idt fid) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
@@ -931,11 +931,11 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static int CheckSupportAcrossTime(MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *f0, MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *f1, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, TypeOfField& tof0, TypeOfField& tof1);
   public:// direct forwarding to MEDFileField1TSWithoutSDA instance _content
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getName() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const char *name);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const std::string& name);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getDtUnit() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setDtUnit(const char *dtUnit);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setDtUnit(const std::string& dtUnit);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getMeshName() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setMeshName(const char *newMeshName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setMeshName(const std::string& newMeshName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string simpleRepr() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void simpleRepr(int bkOffset, std::ostream& oss, int fmtsId) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNumberOfTS() const;
@@ -956,9 +956,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT const std::vector<std::string>& getInfo() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setInfo(const std::vector<std::string>& info);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNumberOfComponents() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNonEmptyLevels(int iteration, int order, const char *mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNonEmptyLevels(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, std::vector<int>& levs) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> > getTypesOfFieldAvailable() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > > getFieldSplitedByType(int iteration, int order, const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > > getFieldSplitedByType(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA> getContent();
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getPflsReallyUsed() const;
@@ -985,8 +985,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileFieldMultiTS *New();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileFieldMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileFieldMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileFieldMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileFieldMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileFieldMultiTS *New(const MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA& other, bool shallowCopyOfContent);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *shallowCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void checkCoherencyOfType(const MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *f1ts) const;
@@ -1000,12 +1000,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtTopLevel(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, int renumPol=0) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, int meshDimRelToMax, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, int renumPol=0) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, const MEDCouplingMesh *mesh, int renumPol=0) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const char *mname, int iteration, int order, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol=0) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const std::string& mname, int iteration, int order, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol=0) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *getFieldWithProfile(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, int meshDimRelToMax, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, DataArrayInt *&pfl) const;
     //
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void appendFieldNoProfileSBT(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void appendFieldProfile(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, int meshDimRelToMax, const DataArrayInt *profile);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > getFieldSplitedByType2(int iteration, int order, const char *mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector< std::vector<DataArrayDouble *> > getFieldSplitedByType2(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType>& types, std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> >& typesF, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& pfls, std::vector< std::vector<std::string> >& locs) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *getUndergroundDataArray(int iteration, int order) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *getUndergroundDataArrayExt(int iteration, int order, std::vector< std::pair<std::pair<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType,int>,std::pair<int,int> > >& entries) const;
   private:
@@ -1014,8 +1014,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   private:
     MEDFileFieldMultiTS();
     MEDFileFieldMultiTS(const MEDFileFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA& other, bool shallowCopyOfContent);
-    MEDFileFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll);
-    MEDFileFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll);
   };
 
   /*!
@@ -1025,8 +1025,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *New();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *New(const MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA& other, bool shallowCopyOfContent);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *shallowCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void checkCoherencyOfType(const MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *f1ts) const;
@@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtTopLevel(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, DataArrayInt* &arrOut, int renumPol=0) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, int meshDimRelToMax, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, DataArrayInt* &arrOut, int renumPol=0) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, const MEDCouplingMesh *mesh, DataArrayInt* &arrOut, int renumPol=0) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, const char *mname, int meshDimRelToMax, DataArrayInt* &arrOut, int renumPol=0) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, int meshDimRelToMax, DataArrayInt* &arrOut, int renumPol=0) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayInt *getFieldWithProfile(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, int meshDimRelToMax, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, DataArrayInt *&pfl) const;
     //
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void appendFieldNoProfileSBT(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field, const DataArrayInt *arrOfVals);
@@ -1050,8 +1050,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   private:
     MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS();
     MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(const MEDFileIntFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA& other, bool shallowCopyOfContent);
-    MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll);
-    MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll);
   };
 
   class MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSIterator
@@ -1075,12 +1075,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileFields *New();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileFields *New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileFields *New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFields *deepCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFields *shallowCpy() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void writeLL(med_idt fid) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void loadArrays();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void loadArraysIfNecessary();
@@ -1096,11 +1096,11 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void pushField(MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *field);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void pushFields(const std::vector<MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *>& fields);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setFieldAtPos(int i, MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *field);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getPosFromFieldName(const char *fieldName) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getPosFromFieldName(const std::string& fieldName) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *getFieldAtPos(int i) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *getFieldWithName(const char *fieldName) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *getFieldWithName(const std::string& fieldName) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFields *buildSubPart(const int *startIds, const int *endIds) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFields *partOfThisLyingOnSpecifiedMeshName(const char *meshName) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFields *partOfThisLyingOnSpecifiedMeshName(const std::string& meshName) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFields *partOfThisLyingOnSpecifiedTimeSteps(const std::vector< std::pair<int,int> >& timeSteps) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFields *partOfThisNotLyingOnSpecifiedTimeSteps(const std::vector< std::pair<int,int> >& timeSteps) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileFieldsIterator *iterator();
@@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void destroyFieldsAtPos(const int *startIds, const int *endIds);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void destroyFieldsAtPos2(int bg, int end, int step);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool changeMeshNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> >& modifTab);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const char *meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(const std::string& meshName, const std::vector<int>& oldCode, const std::vector<int>& newCode, const DataArrayInt *renumO2N);
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getPflsReallyUsed() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getLocsReallyUsed() const;
@@ -1118,7 +1118,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changeLocsRefsNamesGen(const std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string > >& mapOfModif);
   private:
     MEDFileFields();
-    MEDFileFields(const char *fileName, bool loadAll);
+    MEDFileFields(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll);
   private:
     std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTSWithoutSDA> > _fields;
   };
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileFieldOverView.cxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileFieldOverView.cxx
index 6d9da0165..6a2d50a43 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileFieldOverView.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileFieldOverView.cxx
@@ -1475,7 +1475,7 @@ void MEDFileField1TSStructItem2::checkInRange(int nbOfEntity, int nip, const MED
     }
 }
 
-bool MEDFileField1TSStructItem2::isFastlyEqual(int& startExp, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType gt, const char *pflName) const
+bool MEDFileField1TSStructItem2::isFastlyEqual(int& startExp, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType gt, const std::string& pflName) const
 {
   if(startExp!=_start_end.first)
     return false;
@@ -1817,7 +1817,7 @@ MEDFileField1TSStructItem MEDFileField1TSStructItem::BuildItemFrom(const MEDFile
   std::vector< std::vector<std::string> > pfls,locs;
   std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> > typesF;
   std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType> geoTypes;
-  std::vector< std::vector<std::pair<int,int> > > strtEnds=ref->getFieldSplitedByType(0,geoTypes,typesF,pfls,locs);
+  std::vector< std::vector<std::pair<int,int> > > strtEnds=ref->getFieldSplitedByType(std::string(),geoTypes,typesF,pfls,locs);
   std::size_t nbOfGeoTypes(geoTypes.size());
   if(nbOfGeoTypes==0)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileField1TSStruct : not null by empty ref  !");
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileFieldOverView.hxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileFieldOverView.hxx
index e8d13ebfe..81494b0fe 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileFieldOverView.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileFieldOverView.hxx
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     int getNbOfIntegrationPts(const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *globs) const;
     //! warning this method also set _nb_of_entity attribute !
     void checkInRange(int nbOfEntity, int nip, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *globs);
-    bool isFastlyEqual(int& startExp, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType gt, const char *pflName) const;
+    bool isFastlyEqual(int& startExp, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType gt, const std::string& pflName) const;
     bool operator==(const MEDFileField1TSStructItem2& other) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     bool isCellSupportEqual(const MEDFileField1TSStructItem2& other, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *globs) const;
     bool isNodeSupportEqual(const MEDFileField1TSStructItem2& other, const MEDFileFieldGlobsReal *globs) const;
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMesh.cxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMesh.cxx
index dd31d0a96..7175571fb 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMesh.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMesh.cxx
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> MEDFileMesh::getDirectChildren() const
  *  \throw If there is no meshes in the file.
  *  \throw If the mesh in the file is of a not supported type.
  */
-MEDFileMesh *MEDFileMesh::New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+MEDFileMesh *MEDFileMesh::New(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
   std::vector<std::string> ms=MEDLoader::GetMeshNames(fileName);
   if(ms.empty())
@@ -79,28 +79,28 @@ MEDFileMesh *MEDFileMesh::New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs
     }
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType meshType;
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   int dt,it;
   std::string dummy2;
-  MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(fid,ms.front().c_str(),meshType,dt,it,dummy2);
+  MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(fid,ms.front(),meshType,dt,it,dummy2);
   switch(meshType)
     {
     case UNSTRUCTURED:
       {
         MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileUMesh> ret=MEDFileUMesh::New();
-        ret->loadUMeshFromFile(fid,ms.front().c_str(),dt,it,mrs);
+        ret->loadUMeshFromFile(fid,ms.front(),dt,it,mrs);
         return (MEDFileUMesh *)ret.retn();
       }
     case CARTESIAN:
       {
         MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileCMesh> ret=MEDFileCMesh::New();
-        ret->loadCMeshFromFile(fid,ms.front().c_str(),dt,it,mrs);
+        ret->loadCMeshFromFile(fid,ms.front(),dt,it,mrs);
         return (MEDFileCMesh *)ret.retn();
       }
     case CURVE_LINEAR:
       {
         MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileCurveLinearMesh> ret=MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::New();
-        ret->loadCLMeshFromFile(fid,ms.front().c_str(),dt,it,mrs);
+        ret->loadCLMeshFromFile(fid,ms.front(),dt,it,mrs);
         return (MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *)ret.retn();
       }
     default:
@@ -125,11 +125,11 @@ MEDFileMesh *MEDFileMesh::New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs
  *  \throw If there is no mesh with given attributes in the file.
  *  \throw If the mesh in the file is of a not supported type.
  */
-MEDFileMesh *MEDFileMesh::New(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+MEDFileMesh *MEDFileMesh::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType meshType;
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   int dummy0,dummy1;
   std::string dummy2;
   MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(fid,mName,meshType,dummy0,dummy1,dummy2);
@@ -187,12 +187,12 @@ void MEDFileMesh::write(med_idt fid) const
  *  \throw If the mesh name is not set.
  *  \throw If \a mode == 1 and the same data is present in an existing file.
  */
-void MEDFileMesh::write(const char *fileName, int mode) const
+void MEDFileMesh::write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const
 {
   med_access_mode medmod=MEDFileUtilities::TraduceWriteMode(mode);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,medmod);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),medmod);
   std::ostringstream oss; oss << "MEDFileMesh : error on attempt to write in file : \"" << fileName << "\""; 
-  MEDFileUtilities::CheckMEDCode(fid,fid,oss.str().c_str());
+  MEDFileUtilities::CheckMEDCode(fid,fid,oss.str());
   write(fid);
 }
 
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ void MEDFileMesh::clearFamGrpMaps()
  *  \return std::vector<std::string> - a sequence of names of the families.
  *  \throw If the name of a nonexistent group is specified.
  */
-std::vector<std::string> MEDFileMesh::getFamiliesOnGroup(const char *name) const
+std::vector<std::string> MEDFileMesh::getFamiliesOnGroup(const std::string& name) const
 {
   std::string oname(name);
   std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >::const_iterator it=_groups.find(oname);
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDFileMesh::getFamiliesOnGroups(const std::vector<std:
  *  \return std::vector<int> - sequence of ids of the families.
  *  \throw If the name of a nonexistent group is specified.
  */
-std::vector<int> MEDFileMesh::getFamiliesIdsOnGroup(const char *name) const
+std::vector<int> MEDFileMesh::getFamiliesIdsOnGroup(const std::string& name) const
 {
   std::string oname(name);
   std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >::const_iterator it=_groups.find(oname);
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ std::vector<int> MEDFileMesh::getFamiliesIdsOnGroup(const char *name) const
  *  \param [in] name - the name of the group of interest.
  *  \param [in] fams - a sequence of names of families constituting the group.
  */
-void MEDFileMesh::setFamiliesOnGroup(const char *name, const std::vector<std::string>& fams)
+void MEDFileMesh::setFamiliesOnGroup(const std::string& name, const std::vector<std::string>& fams)
 {
   std::string oname(name);
   _groups[oname]=fams;
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ void MEDFileMesh::setFamiliesOnGroup(const char *name, const std::vector<std::st
  *  \param [in] famIds - a sequence of ids of families constituting the group.
  *  \throw If a family name is not found by its id.
  */
-void MEDFileMesh::setFamiliesIdsOnGroup(const char *name, const std::vector<int>& famIds)
+void MEDFileMesh::setFamiliesIdsOnGroup(const std::string& name, const std::vector<int>& famIds)
 {
   std::string oname(name);
   std::vector<std::string> fams(famIds.size());
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ void MEDFileMesh::setFamiliesIdsOnGroup(const char *name, const std::vector<int>
  *  \param [in] name - the name of the family of interest.
  *  \return std::vector<std::string> - a sequence of names of groups including the family.
  */
-std::vector<std::string> MEDFileMesh::getGroupsOnFamily(const char *name) const
+std::vector<std::string> MEDFileMesh::getGroupsOnFamily(const std::string& name) const
 {
   std::vector<std::string> ret;
   for(std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >::const_iterator it1=_groups.begin();it1!=_groups.end();it1++)
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDFileMesh::getGroupsOnFamily(const char *name) const
  *  \param [in] grps - a sequence of group names to add the family in.
  *  \throw If a family named \a famName not yet exists.
  */
-void MEDFileMesh::setGroupsOnFamily(const char *famName, const std::vector<std::string>& grps)
+void MEDFileMesh::setGroupsOnFamily(const std::string& famName, const std::vector<std::string>& grps)
 {
   std::string fName(famName);
   const std::map<std::string,int>::const_iterator it=_families.find(fName);
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ void MEDFileMesh::assignFamilyNameWithGroupName()
   std::map<std::string,int> newFams;
   for(std::map<std::string,int>::const_iterator it=_families.begin();it!=_families.end();it++)
     {
-      std::vector<std::string> grps=getGroupsOnFamily((*it).first.c_str());
+      std::vector<std::string> grps=getGroupsOnFamily((*it).first);
       if(grps.size()==1 && groups[grps[0]].size()==1)
         {
           if(newFams.find(grps[0])!=newFams.end())
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDFileMesh::removeEmptyGroups()
  *  \param [in] name - the name of the group to remove.
  *  \throw If no group with such a \a name exists.
  */
-void MEDFileMesh::removeGroup(const char *name)
+void MEDFileMesh::removeGroup(const std::string& name)
 {
   std::string oname(name);
   std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >::iterator it=_groups.find(oname);
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ void MEDFileMesh::removeGroup(const char *name)
  *  \param [in] name - the name of the family to remove.
  *  \throw If no family with such a \a name exists.
  */
-void MEDFileMesh::removeFamily(const char *name)
+void MEDFileMesh::removeFamily(const std::string& name)
 {
   std::string oname(name);
   std::map<std::string, int >::iterator it=_families.find(oname);
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDFileMesh::removeOrphanFamilies()
       else
         {
           ret.push_back((*it).first);
-          std::vector<std::string> grpsOnEraseFam=getGroupsOnFamily((*it).first.c_str());
+          std::vector<std::string> grpsOnEraseFam=getGroupsOnFamily((*it).first);
           for(std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator it2=grpsOnEraseFam.begin();it2!=grpsOnEraseFam.end();it2++)
             {
               std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >::iterator it3=grps.find(*it2);//it3!=grps.empty() thanks to copy
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDFileMesh::removeOrphanFamilies()
  *  \throw If no group named \a oldName exists in \a this mesh.
  *  \throw If a group named \a newName already exists.
  */
-void MEDFileMesh::changeGroupName(const char *oldName, const char *newName)
+void MEDFileMesh::changeGroupName(const std::string& oldName, const std::string& newName)
 {
   std::string oname(oldName);
   std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >::iterator it=_groups.find(oname);
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ void MEDFileMesh::changeFamilyId(int oldId, int newId)
  *  \throw If no family named \a oldName exists in \a this mesh.
  *  \throw If a family named \a newName already exists.
  */
-void MEDFileMesh::changeFamilyName(const char *oldName, const char *newName)
+void MEDFileMesh::changeFamilyName(const std::string& oldName, const std::string& newName)
 {
   std::string oname(oldName);
   std::map<std::string, int >::iterator it=_families.find(oname);
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ bool MEDFileMesh::areGrpsEqual(const MEDFileMesh *other, std::string& what) cons
  *  \param [in] groupName - the group name.
  *  \return bool - \c true the group \a groupName exists in \a this mesh.
  */
-bool MEDFileMesh::existsGroup(const char *groupName) const
+bool MEDFileMesh::existsGroup(const std::string& groupName) const
 {
   std::string grpName(groupName);
   return _groups.find(grpName)!=_groups.end();
@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ bool MEDFileMesh::existsFamily(int famId) const
  *  \param [in] familyName - the family name.
  *  \return bool - \c true the family \a familyName exists in \a this mesh.
  */
-bool MEDFileMesh::existsFamily(const char *familyName) const
+bool MEDFileMesh::existsFamily(const std::string& familyName) const
 {
   std::string fname(familyName);
   return _families.find(fname)!=_families.end();
@@ -862,13 +862,13 @@ bool MEDFileMesh::existsFamily(const char *familyName) const
  *  \param [in] familyName - the family name.
  *  \param [in] id - a new id of the family.
  */
-void MEDFileMesh::setFamilyId(const char *familyName, int id)
+void MEDFileMesh::setFamilyId(const std::string& familyName, int id)
 {
   std::string fname(familyName);
   _families[fname]=id;
 }
 
-void MEDFileMesh::setFamilyIdUnique(const char *familyName, int id)
+void MEDFileMesh::setFamilyIdUnique(const std::string& familyName, int id)
 {
   std::string fname(familyName);
   for(std::map<std::string,int>::const_iterator it=_families.begin();it!=_families.end();it++)
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ void MEDFileMesh::setFamilyIdUnique(const char *familyName, int id)
  *  \param [in] famId - an id of the family.
  *  \throw If a family with the same name or id already exists in \a this mesh.
  */
-void MEDFileMesh::addFamily(const char *familyName, int famId)
+void MEDFileMesh::addFamily(const std::string& familyName, int famId)
 {
   std::string fname(familyName);
   std::map<std::string,int>::const_iterator it=_families.find(fname);
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ void MEDFileMesh::addFamily(const char *familyName, int famId)
  *  \throw If no mesh entities of dimension \a meshDimRelToMaxExt exist in \a this mesh.
  *  \throw If no family field of dimension \a meshDimRelToMaxExt is present in \a this mesh.
  */
-void MEDFileMesh::createGroupOnAll(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *groupName)
+void MEDFileMesh::createGroupOnAll(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& groupName)
 {
   std::string grpName(groupName);
   std::vector<int> levs=getNonEmptyLevelsExt();
@@ -996,7 +996,7 @@ bool MEDFileMesh::keepFamIdsOnlyOnLevs(const std::vector<int>& famIds, const std
               std::string famName=getFamilyNameGivenId(*it2);
               std::ostringstream oss; oss << "Family_" << maxFamId;
               std::string zeName=CreateNameNotIn(oss.str(),allFams);
-              addFamilyOnAllGroupsHaving(famName.c_str(),zeName.c_str());
+              addFamilyOnAllGroupsHaving(famName,zeName);
               _families[zeName]=maxFamId;
               (const_cast<DataArrayInt *>(fieldFamIds))->changeValue(*it2,maxFamId);
               maxFamId++;
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ bool MEDFileMesh::keepFamIdsOnlyOnLevs(const std::vector<int>& famIds, const std
  *  \throw If \a grpName or \a famName is an empty string.
  *  \throw If no family named \a famName is present in \a this mesh.
  */
-void MEDFileMesh::addFamilyOnGrp(const char *grpName, const char *famName)
+void MEDFileMesh::addFamilyOnGrp(const std::string& grpName, const std::string& famName)
 {
   std::string grpn(grpName);
   std::string famn(famName);
@@ -1046,7 +1046,7 @@ void MEDFileMesh::addFamilyOnGrp(const char *grpName, const char *famName)
  * This method is quite underground because it can lead to unconsistency because family 'otherFamName' is \b not added into _families.
  * This method is used by MEDFileMesh::keepFamIdsOnlyOnLevs method.
  */
-void MEDFileMesh::addFamilyOnAllGroupsHaving(const char *famName, const char *otherFamName)
+void MEDFileMesh::addFamilyOnAllGroupsHaving(const std::string& famName, const std::string& otherFamName)
 {
   std::string famNameCpp(famName);
   std::string otherCpp(otherFamName);
@@ -1060,12 +1060,12 @@ void MEDFileMesh::addFamilyOnAllGroupsHaving(const char *famName, const char *ot
     }
 }
 
-void MEDFileMesh::changeAllGroupsContainingFamily(const char *familyNameToChange, const std::vector<std::string>& newFamiliesNames)
+void MEDFileMesh::changeAllGroupsContainingFamily(const std::string& familyNameToChange, const std::vector<std::string>& newFamiliesNames)
 {
   ChangeAllGroupsContainingFamily(_groups,familyNameToChange,newFamiliesNames);
 }
 
-void MEDFileMesh::ChangeAllGroupsContainingFamily(std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& groups, const char *familyNameToChange, const std::vector<std::string>& newFamiliesNames)
+void MEDFileMesh::ChangeAllGroupsContainingFamily(std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& groups, const std::string& familyNameToChange, const std::vector<std::string>& newFamiliesNames)
 {
   std::string fam(familyNameToChange);
   for(std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >::iterator it=groups.begin();it!=groups.end();it++)
@@ -1149,7 +1149,7 @@ void MEDFileMesh::setGroupInfo(const std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::stri
  *  \return int - the id of the family of interest.
  *  \throw If no family with such a \a name exists.
  */
-int MEDFileMesh::getFamilyId(const char *name) const
+int MEDFileMesh::getFamilyId(const std::string& name) const
 {
   std::string oname(name);
   std::map<std::string, int>::const_iterator it=_families.find(oname);
@@ -1355,12 +1355,12 @@ bool MEDFileMesh::ensureDifferentFamIdsPerLevel()
           if(allIds->presenceOfValue(*it3))
             {
               std::string famName=getFamilyNameGivenId(*it3);
-              std::vector<std::string> grps=getGroupsOnFamily(famName.c_str());
+              std::vector<std::string> grps=getGroupsOnFamily(famName);
               ren[*it3]=maxId;
               bool dummy;
               std::string newFam=findOrCreateAndGiveFamilyWithId(maxId,dummy);
               for(std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator it4=grps.begin();it4!=grps.end();it4++)
-                addFamilyOnGrp((*it4).c_str(),newFam.c_str());
+                addFamilyOnGrp((*it4),newFam);
             }
         }
       MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> ids=fam->getIdsEqualList(&(*it2).second[0],&(*it2).second[0]+(*it2).second.size());
@@ -1581,7 +1581,7 @@ std::string MEDFileMesh::simpleRepr() const
  *  \throw If the name of a nonexistent group is specified.
  *  \throw If the family field is missing for \a meshDimRelToMaxExt.
  */
-DataArrayInt *MEDFileMesh::getGroupArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *grp, bool renum) const
+DataArrayInt *MEDFileMesh::getGroupArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& grp, bool renum) const
 {
   std::vector<std::string> tmp(1);
   tmp[0]=grp;
@@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@ DataArrayInt *MEDFileMesh::getGroupsArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vecto
  *          is to delete this array using decrRef() as it is no more needed. 
  *  \throw If the family field is missing for \a meshDimRelToMaxExt.
  */
-DataArrayInt *MEDFileMesh::getFamilyArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *fam, bool renum) const
+DataArrayInt *MEDFileMesh::getFamilyArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& fam, bool renum) const
 {
   std::vector<std::string> tmp(1);
   tmp[0]=fam;
@@ -1641,7 +1641,7 @@ DataArrayInt *MEDFileMesh::getFamilyArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *fam,
  *  \throw If the name of a nonexistent group is specified.
  *  \throw If the family field is missing for nodes.
  */
-DataArrayInt *MEDFileMesh::getNodeGroupArr(const char *grp, bool renum) const
+DataArrayInt *MEDFileMesh::getNodeGroupArr(const std::string& grp, bool renum) const
 {
   std::vector<std::string> tmp(1);
   tmp[0]=grp;
@@ -1677,7 +1677,7 @@ DataArrayInt *MEDFileMesh::getNodeGroupsArr(const std::vector<std::string>& grps
  *  \throw If the name of a nonexistent group is specified.
  *  \throw If the family field is missing for nodes.
  */
-DataArrayInt *MEDFileMesh::getNodeFamilyArr(const char *fam, bool renum) const
+DataArrayInt *MEDFileMesh::getNodeFamilyArr(const std::string& fam, bool renum) const
 {
   std::vector<std::string> tmp(1);
   tmp[0]=fam;
@@ -1743,7 +1743,7 @@ void MEDFileMesh::setGroupsAtLevel(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vector<con
       for(unsigned int ii=0;ii<grps.size();ii++)
         {
           grps2[ii]=MEDFileUMeshSplitL1::Renumber(getRevNumberFieldAtLevel(meshDimRelToMaxExt),grps[ii]);
-          grps2[ii]->setName(grps[ii]->getName().c_str());
+          grps2[ii]->setName(grps[ii]->getName());
         }
       std::vector<const DataArrayInt *> grps3(grps2.begin(),grps2.end());
       fam=DataArrayInt::MakePartition(grps3,sz,fidsOfGroups);
@@ -1900,7 +1900,7 @@ void MEDFileMesh::getFamilyRepr(std::ostream& oss) const
     {
       oss << "- Family with name \"" << (*it).first << "\" with number " << (*it).second << std::endl;
       oss << "  - Groups lying on this family : ";
-      std::vector<std::string> grps=getGroupsOnFamily((*it).first.c_str());
+      std::vector<std::string> grps=getGroupsOnFamily((*it).first);
       std::copy(grps.begin(),grps.end(),std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(oss," "));
       oss << std::endl << std::endl;
     }
@@ -1920,10 +1920,10 @@ void MEDFileMesh::getFamilyRepr(std::ostream& oss) const
  *  \throw If there is no mesh with given attributes in the file.
  *  \throw If the mesh in the file is not an unstructured one.
  */
-MEDFileUMesh *MEDFileUMesh::New(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+MEDFileUMesh *MEDFileUMesh::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   return new MEDFileUMesh(fid,mName,dt,it,mrs);
 }
 
@@ -1937,7 +1937,7 @@ MEDFileUMesh *MEDFileUMesh::New(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt,
  *  \throw If there is no meshes in the file.
  *  \throw If the mesh in the file is not an unstructured one.
  */
-MEDFileUMesh *MEDFileUMesh::New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+MEDFileUMesh *MEDFileUMesh::New(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
   std::vector<std::string> ms=MEDLoader::GetMeshNames(fileName);
   if(ms.empty())
@@ -1946,12 +1946,12 @@ MEDFileUMesh *MEDFileUMesh::New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *m
       throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
     }
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   int dt,it;
   ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType meshType;
   std::string dummy2;
-  MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(fid,ms.front().c_str(),meshType,dt,it,dummy2);
-  return new MEDFileUMesh(fid,ms.front().c_str(),dt,it,mrs);
+  MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(fid,ms.front(),meshType,dt,it,dummy2);
+  return new MEDFileUMesh(fid,ms.front(),dt,it,mrs);
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -2161,7 +2161,7 @@ MEDFileUMesh::MEDFileUMesh()
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileUMesh::MEDFileUMesh(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+MEDFileUMesh::MEDFileUMesh(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 try
   {
     loadUMeshFromFile(fid,mName,dt,it,mrs);
@@ -2171,7 +2171,7 @@ catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
     throw e;
   }
 
-void MEDFileUMesh::loadUMeshFromFile(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+void MEDFileUMesh::loadUMeshFromFile(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
   MEDFileUMeshL2 loaderl2;
   ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType meshType;
@@ -2237,11 +2237,12 @@ void MEDFileUMesh::writeLL(med_idt fid) const
     }
   MEDmeshCr(fid,maa,spaceDim,mdim,MED_UNSTRUCTURED_MESH,desc,"",MED_SORT_DTIT,MED_CARTESIAN,comp,unit);
   MEDmeshUniversalNameWr(fid,maa);
-  MEDFileUMeshL2::WriteCoords(fid,maa,_iteration,_order,_time,_coords,_fam_coords,_num_coords,_name_coords);
+  std::string meshName(MEDLoaderBase::buildStringFromFortran(maa,MED_NAME_SIZE));
+  MEDFileUMeshL2::WriteCoords(fid,meshName,_iteration,_order,_time,_coords,_fam_coords,_num_coords,_name_coords);
   for(std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileUMeshSplitL1> >::const_iterator it=_ms.begin();it!=_ms.end();it++)
     if((const MEDFileUMeshSplitL1 *)(*it)!=0)
-      (*it)->write(fid,maa,mdim);
-  MEDFileUMeshL2::WriteFamiliesAndGrps(fid,maa,_families,_groups,_too_long_str);
+      (*it)->write(fid,meshName,mdim);
+  MEDFileUMeshL2::WriteFamiliesAndGrps(fid,meshName,_families,_groups,_too_long_str);
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -2333,7 +2334,7 @@ std::vector<int> MEDFileUMesh::getNameArrNonEmptyLevelsExt() const
  *  \param [in] grp - the name of the group of interest.
  *  \return std::vector<int> - a sequence of the relative dimensions.
  */
-std::vector<int> MEDFileUMesh::getGrpNonEmptyLevels(const char *grp) const
+std::vector<int> MEDFileUMesh::getGrpNonEmptyLevels(const std::string& grp) const
 {
   std::vector<std::string> fams=getFamiliesOnGroup(grp);
   return getFamsNonEmptyLevels(fams);
@@ -2344,7 +2345,7 @@ std::vector<int> MEDFileUMesh::getGrpNonEmptyLevels(const char *grp) const
  *  \param [in] grp - the name of the group of interest.
  *  \return std::vector<int> - a sequence of the relative dimensions.
  */
-std::vector<int> MEDFileUMesh::getGrpNonEmptyLevelsExt(const char *grp) const
+std::vector<int> MEDFileUMesh::getGrpNonEmptyLevelsExt(const std::string& grp) const
 {
   std::vector<std::string> fams=getFamiliesOnGroup(grp);
   return getFamsNonEmptyLevelsExt(fams);
@@ -2356,7 +2357,7 @@ std::vector<int> MEDFileUMesh::getGrpNonEmptyLevelsExt(const char *grp) const
  *  \param [in] fam - the name of the family of interest.
  *  \return std::vector<int> - a sequence of the relative dimensions.
  */
-std::vector<int> MEDFileUMesh::getFamNonEmptyLevels(const char *fam) const
+std::vector<int> MEDFileUMesh::getFamNonEmptyLevels(const std::string& fam) const
 {
   std::vector<std::string> fams(1,std::string(fam));
   return getFamsNonEmptyLevels(fams);
@@ -2367,7 +2368,7 @@ std::vector<int> MEDFileUMesh::getFamNonEmptyLevels(const char *fam) const
  *  \param [in] fam - the name of the family of interest.
  *  \return std::vector<int> - a sequence of the relative dimensions.
  */
-std::vector<int> MEDFileUMesh::getFamNonEmptyLevelsExt(const char *fam) const
+std::vector<int> MEDFileUMesh::getFamNonEmptyLevelsExt(const std::string& fam) const
 {
   std::vector<std::string> fams(1,std::string(fam));
   return getFamsNonEmptyLevelsExt(fams);
@@ -2448,7 +2449,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDFileUMesh::getGroupsOnSpecifiedLev(int meshDimRelToM
   std::vector<std::string> allGrps=getGroupsNames();
   for(std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator it=allGrps.begin();it!=allGrps.end();it++)
     {
-      std::vector<int> levs=getGrpNonEmptyLevelsExt((*it).c_str());
+      std::vector<int> levs=getGrpNonEmptyLevelsExt((*it));
       if(std::find(levs.begin(),levs.end(),meshDimRelToMaxExt)!=levs.end())
         ret.push_back(*it);
     }
@@ -2685,7 +2686,7 @@ void MEDFileUMesh::whichAreNodesFetched(const MEDFileField1TSStructItem& st, con
         m->computeNodeIdsAlg(nodesFetched);
       else
         {
-          const DataArrayInt *arr(globs->getProfile(st[i].getPflName().c_str()));
+          const DataArrayInt *arr(globs->getProfile(st[i].getPflName()));
           MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCoupling1GTUMesh> m2(dynamic_cast<MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *>(m->buildPartOfMySelf(arr->begin(),arr->end(),true)));
           m2->computeNodeIdsAlg(nodesFetched);
         }
@@ -2740,7 +2741,7 @@ DataArrayDouble *MEDFileUMesh::getCoords() const
  *  \throw If the name of a nonexistent group is specified.
  *  \throw If there are no mesh entities of \a meshDimRelToMaxExt dimension in \a this mesh.
  */
-MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDFileUMesh::getGroup(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *grp, bool renum) const
+MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDFileUMesh::getGroup(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& grp, bool renum) const
 {
   synchronizeTinyInfoOnLeaves();
   std::vector<std::string> tmp(1);
@@ -2768,7 +2769,7 @@ MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDFileUMesh::getGroups(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vec
   std::vector<std::string> fams2=getFamiliesOnGroups(grps);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingUMesh> zeRet=getFamilies(meshDimRelToMaxExt,fams2,renum);
   if(grps.size()==1 && ((MEDCouplingUMesh *)zeRet))
-    zeRet->setName(grps[0].c_str());
+    zeRet->setName(grps[0]);
   return zeRet.retn();
 }
 
@@ -2786,7 +2787,7 @@ MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDFileUMesh::getGroups(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vec
  *  \throw If a name of a nonexistent family is present in \a grps.
  *  \throw If there are no mesh entities of \a meshDimRelToMaxExt dimension in \a this mesh.
  */
-MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDFileUMesh::getFamily(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *fam, bool renum) const
+MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDFileUMesh::getFamily(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& fam, bool renum) const
 {
   synchronizeTinyInfoOnLeaves();
   std::vector<std::string> tmp(1);
@@ -2827,7 +2828,7 @@ MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDFileUMesh::getFamilies(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::v
   else
     zeRet=l1->getFamilyPart(0,0,renum);
   if(fams.size()==1 && ((MEDCouplingUMesh *)zeRet))
-    zeRet->setName(fams[0].c_str());
+    zeRet->setName(fams[0]);
   return zeRet.retn();
 }
 
@@ -2895,7 +2896,7 @@ MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDFileUMesh::getMeshAtLevel(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, bool renu
           MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayDouble> cc=_coords->deepCpy();
           umesh->setCoords(cc);
           MEDFileUMeshSplitL1::ClearNonDiscrAttributes(umesh);
-          umesh->setName(getName().c_str());
+          umesh->setName(getName());
           return umesh;
         }
     }
@@ -3185,7 +3186,7 @@ void MEDFileUMesh::optimizeFamilies()
     _groups.erase(*it);
 }
 
-void MEDFileUMesh::duplicateNodesOnM1Group(const char *grpNameM1, DataArrayInt *&nodesDuplicated, DataArrayInt *&cellsModified, DataArrayInt *&cellsNotModified)
+void MEDFileUMesh::duplicateNodesOnM1Group(const std::string& grpNameM1, DataArrayInt *&nodesDuplicated, DataArrayInt *&cellsModified, DataArrayInt *&cellsNotModified)
 {
   std::vector<int> levs=getNonEmptyLevels();
   if(std::find(levs.begin(),levs.end(),0)==levs.end() || std::find(levs.begin(),levs.end(),-1)==levs.end())
@@ -3229,7 +3230,7 @@ void MEDFileUMesh::duplicateNodesOnM1Group(const char *grpNameM1, DataArrayInt *
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> szOfCellGrpOfSameType(tmp00);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> idInMsOfCellGrpOfSameType(tmp11);
   //
-  newm1->setName(getName().c_str());
+  newm1->setName(getName());
   const DataArrayInt *fam=getFamilyFieldAtLevel(-1);
   if(!fam)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileUMesh::duplicateNodesOnM1Group : internal problem !");
@@ -3258,8 +3259,8 @@ void MEDFileUMesh::duplicateNodesOnM1Group(const char *grpNameM1, DataArrayInt *
   setMeshAtLevel(-1,newm1);
   setFamilyFieldArr(-1,newFam);
   std::string grpName2(grpNameM1); grpName2+="_dup";
-  addFamily(grpName2.c_str(),idd);
-  addFamilyOnGrp(grpName2.c_str(),grpName2.c_str());
+  addFamily(grpName2,idd);
+  addFamilyOnGrp(grpName2,grpName2);
   //
   fam=_fam_coords;
   if(fam)
@@ -3499,7 +3500,7 @@ void MEDFileUMesh::addGroupUnderground(bool isNodeGroup, const DataArrayInt *ids
               if(existsFamily(*famId))
                 {
                   std::string locFamName2=getFamilyNameGivenId(*famId); std::vector<std::string> v(2); v[0]=locFamName2; v[1]=locFamName;
-                  ChangeAllGroupsContainingFamily(groups,getFamilyNameGivenId(*famId).c_str(),v);
+                  ChangeAllGroupsContainingFamily(groups,getFamilyNameGivenId(*famId),v);
                 }
               maxVal++;
             } // modifying all other groups on *famId to lie on maxVal and lie the grp on maxVal
@@ -3512,7 +3513,7 @@ void MEDFileUMesh::addGroupUnderground(bool isNodeGroup, const DataArrayInt *ids
           if(existsFamily(*famId))
             {
               std::string n1(FindOrCreateAndGiveFamilyWithId(families,isNodeGroup?maxVal:-maxVal,created)); std::vector<std::string> v(2); v[0]=n1; v[1]=n2;
-              ChangeAllGroupsContainingFamily(groups,getFamilyNameGivenId(*famId).c_str(),v);
+              ChangeAllGroupsContainingFamily(groups,getFamilyNameGivenId(*famId),v);
             }
           maxVal+=2;
         }
@@ -3653,10 +3654,10 @@ void MEDFileUMesh::setMeshes(const std::vector<const MEDCouplingUMesh *>& ms, bo
   for(std::vector<const MEDCouplingUMesh *>::const_iterator it=ms.begin();it!=ms.end();it++)
     {
       int mdim=(*it)->getMeshDimension();
-      setName((*it)->getName().c_str());
+      setName((*it)->getName());
       setMeshAtLevel(mdim-zeDim,const_cast<MEDCouplingUMesh *>(*it),renum);
     }
-  setName(name.c_str());
+  setName(name);
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -4517,7 +4518,7 @@ void MEDFileStructuredMesh::whichAreNodesFetched(const MEDFileField1TSStructItem
       std::fill(nodesFetched.begin(),nodesFetched.end(),true);
       return ;
     }
-  const DataArrayInt *arr(globs->getProfile(st[0].getPflName().c_str()));
+  const DataArrayInt *arr(globs->getProfile(st[0].getPflName()));
   const MEDCouplingStructuredMesh *cmesh=getStructuredMesh();//cmesh not null because getNumberOfNodes called before
   int sz(nodesFetched.size());
   for(const int *work=arr->begin();work!=arr->end();work++)
@@ -4555,7 +4556,7 @@ med_geometry_type MEDFileStructuredMesh::GetGeoTypeFromMeshDim(int meshDim)
   return geoTypeReq;
 }
 
-void MEDFileStructuredMesh::loadStrMeshFromFile(MEDFileStrMeshL2 *strm, med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+void MEDFileStructuredMesh::loadStrMeshFromFile(MEDFileStrMeshL2 *strm, med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
   setName(strm->getName());
   setDescription(strm->getDescription());
@@ -4566,85 +4567,85 @@ void MEDFileStructuredMesh::loadStrMeshFromFile(MEDFileStrMeshL2 *strm, med_idt
   setTimeUnit(strm->getTimeUnit());
   MEDFileMeshL2::ReadFamiliesAndGrps(fid,mName,_families,_groups,mrs);
   med_bool chgt=MED_FALSE,trsf=MED_FALSE;
-  int nbOfElt=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,MED_FAMILY_NUMBER,MED_NODAL,&chgt,&trsf);
+  int nbOfElt=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,MED_FAMILY_NUMBER,MED_NODAL,&chgt,&trsf);
   if(nbOfElt>0)
     {
       if(!mrs || mrs->isNodeFamilyFieldReading())
         {
           _fam_nodes=DataArrayInt::New();
           _fam_nodes->alloc(nbOfElt,1);
-          MEDmeshEntityFamilyNumberRd(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,_fam_nodes->getPointer());
+          MEDmeshEntityFamilyNumberRd(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,_fam_nodes->getPointer());
         }
     }
-  nbOfElt=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,MED_NUMBER,MED_NODAL,&chgt,&trsf);
+  nbOfElt=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,MED_NUMBER,MED_NODAL,&chgt,&trsf);
   if(nbOfElt>0)
     {
       if(!mrs || mrs->isNodeNumFieldReading())
         {
           _num_nodes=DataArrayInt::New();
           _num_nodes->alloc(nbOfElt,1);
-          MEDmeshEntityNumberRd(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,_num_nodes->getPointer());
+          MEDmeshEntityNumberRd(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,_num_nodes->getPointer());
         }
     }
   int meshDim=getStructuredMesh()->getMeshDimension();
   med_geometry_type geoTypeReq=GetGeoTypeFromMeshDim(meshDim);
-  nbOfElt=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,MED_FAMILY_NUMBER,MED_NODAL,&chgt,&trsf);
+  nbOfElt=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,MED_FAMILY_NUMBER,MED_NODAL,&chgt,&trsf);
   if(nbOfElt>0)
     {
       if(!mrs || mrs->isCellFamilyFieldReading())
         {
           _fam_cells=DataArrayInt::New();
           _fam_cells->alloc(nbOfElt,1);
-          MEDmeshEntityFamilyNumberRd(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,_fam_cells->getPointer());
+          MEDmeshEntityFamilyNumberRd(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,_fam_cells->getPointer());
         }
     }
-  nbOfElt=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,MED_NUMBER,MED_NODAL,&chgt,&trsf);
+  nbOfElt=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,MED_NUMBER,MED_NODAL,&chgt,&trsf);
   if(nbOfElt>0)
     {
       if(!mrs || mrs->isCellNumFieldReading())
         {
           _num_cells=DataArrayInt::New();
           _num_cells->alloc(nbOfElt,1);
-          MEDmeshEntityNumberRd(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,_num_cells->getPointer());
+          MEDmeshEntityNumberRd(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,_num_cells->getPointer());
         }
     }
-  nbOfElt=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,MED_NAME,MED_NODAL,&chgt,&trsf);
+  nbOfElt=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,MED_NAME,MED_NODAL,&chgt,&trsf);
   if(nbOfElt>0)
     {
       if(!mrs || mrs->isCellNameFieldReading())
         {
           _names_cells=DataArrayAsciiChar::New();
           _names_cells->alloc(nbOfElt+1,MED_SNAME_SIZE);//not a bug to avoid the memory corruption due to last \0 at the end
-          MEDmeshEntityNameRd(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,_names_cells->getPointer());
+          MEDmeshEntityNameRd(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,_names_cells->getPointer());
           _names_cells->reAlloc(nbOfElt);//not a bug to avoid the memory corruption due to last \0 at the end
         }
     }
-  nbOfElt=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,MED_NAME,MED_NODAL,&chgt,&trsf);
+  nbOfElt=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,MED_NAME,MED_NODAL,&chgt,&trsf);
   if(nbOfElt>0)
     {
       if(!mrs || mrs->isNodeNameFieldReading())
         {
           _names_nodes=DataArrayAsciiChar::New();
           _names_nodes->alloc(nbOfElt+1,MED_SNAME_SIZE);//not a bug to avoid the memory corruption due to last \0 at the end
-          MEDmeshEntityNameRd(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,_names_nodes->getPointer());
+          MEDmeshEntityNameRd(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,_names_nodes->getPointer());
           _names_nodes->reAlloc(nbOfElt);//not a bug to avoid the memory corruption due to last \0 at the end
         }
     }
 }
 
-void MEDFileStructuredMesh::writeStructuredLL(med_idt fid, const char *maa) const
+void MEDFileStructuredMesh::writeStructuredLL(med_idt fid, const std::string& maa) const
 {
   int meshDim=getStructuredMesh()->getMeshDimension();
   med_geometry_type geoTypeReq=GetGeoTypeFromMeshDim(meshDim);
   //
   if((const DataArrayInt *)_fam_cells)
-    MEDmeshEntityFamilyNumberWr(fid,maa,_iteration,_order,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,_fam_cells->getNumberOfTuples(),_fam_cells->getConstPointer());
+    MEDmeshEntityFamilyNumberWr(fid,maa.c_str(),_iteration,_order,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,_fam_cells->getNumberOfTuples(),_fam_cells->getConstPointer());
   if((const DataArrayInt *)_fam_nodes)
-    MEDmeshEntityFamilyNumberWr(fid,maa,_iteration,_order,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,_fam_nodes->getNumberOfTuples(),_fam_nodes->getConstPointer());
+    MEDmeshEntityFamilyNumberWr(fid,maa.c_str(),_iteration,_order,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,_fam_nodes->getNumberOfTuples(),_fam_nodes->getConstPointer());
   if((const DataArrayInt *)_num_cells)
-    MEDmeshEntityNumberWr(fid,maa,_iteration,_order,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,_num_cells->getNumberOfTuples(),_num_cells->getConstPointer());
+    MEDmeshEntityNumberWr(fid,maa.c_str(),_iteration,_order,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,_num_cells->getNumberOfTuples(),_num_cells->getConstPointer());
   if((const DataArrayInt *)_num_nodes)
-    MEDmeshEntityNumberWr(fid,maa,_iteration,_order,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,_num_nodes->getNumberOfTuples(),_num_nodes->getConstPointer());
+    MEDmeshEntityNumberWr(fid,maa.c_str(),_iteration,_order,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,_num_nodes->getNumberOfTuples(),_num_nodes->getConstPointer());
   if((const DataArrayAsciiChar *)_names_cells)
     {
       if(_names_cells->getNumberOfComponents()!=MED_SNAME_SIZE)
@@ -4653,7 +4654,7 @@ void MEDFileStructuredMesh::writeStructuredLL(med_idt fid, const char *maa) cons
           oss << " ! The array has " << _names_cells->getNumberOfComponents() << " components !";
           throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
         }
-      MEDmeshEntityNameWr(fid,maa,_iteration,_order,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,_names_cells->getNumberOfTuples(),_names_cells->getConstPointer());
+      MEDmeshEntityNameWr(fid,maa.c_str(),_iteration,_order,MED_CELL,geoTypeReq,_names_cells->getNumberOfTuples(),_names_cells->getConstPointer());
     }
   if((const DataArrayAsciiChar *)_names_nodes)
     {
@@ -4663,10 +4664,10 @@ void MEDFileStructuredMesh::writeStructuredLL(med_idt fid, const char *maa) cons
           oss << " ! The array has " << _names_cells->getNumberOfComponents() << " components !";
           throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
         }
-      MEDmeshEntityNameWr(fid,maa,_iteration,_order,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,_names_nodes->getNumberOfTuples(),_names_nodes->getConstPointer());
+      MEDmeshEntityNameWr(fid,maa.c_str(),_iteration,_order,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,_names_nodes->getNumberOfTuples(),_names_nodes->getConstPointer());
     }
   //
-  MEDFileUMeshL2::WriteFamiliesAndGrps(fid,maa,_families,_groups,_too_long_str);
+  MEDFileUMeshL2::WriteFamiliesAndGrps(fid,maa.c_str(),_families,_groups,_too_long_str);
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -4689,7 +4690,7 @@ MEDFileCMesh *MEDFileCMesh::New()
  *  \throw If there is no meshes in the file.
  *  \throw If the mesh in the file is not a Cartesian one.
  */
-MEDFileCMesh *MEDFileCMesh::New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+MEDFileCMesh *MEDFileCMesh::New(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
   std::vector<std::string> ms=MEDLoader::GetMeshNames(fileName);
   if(ms.empty())
@@ -4698,12 +4699,12 @@ MEDFileCMesh *MEDFileCMesh::New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *m
       throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
     }
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   int dt,it;
   ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType meshType;
   std::string dummy2;
-  MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(fid,ms.front().c_str(),meshType,dt,it,dummy2);
-  return new MEDFileCMesh(fid,ms.front().c_str(),dt,it,mrs);
+  MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(fid,ms.front(),meshType,dt,it,dummy2);
+  return new MEDFileCMesh(fid,ms.front(),dt,it,mrs);
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -4720,10 +4721,10 @@ MEDFileCMesh *MEDFileCMesh::New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *m
  *  \throw If there is no mesh with given attributes in the file.
  *  \throw If the mesh in the file is not a Cartesian one.
  */
-MEDFileCMesh *MEDFileCMesh::New(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+MEDFileCMesh *MEDFileCMesh::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   return new MEDFileCMesh(fid,mName,dt,it,mrs);
 }
 
@@ -4841,7 +4842,7 @@ MEDFileCMesh::MEDFileCMesh()
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileCMesh::MEDFileCMesh(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+MEDFileCMesh::MEDFileCMesh(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 try
   {
     loadCMeshFromFile(fid,mName,dt,it,mrs);
@@ -4851,7 +4852,7 @@ catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
     throw e;
   }
 
-void MEDFileCMesh::loadCMeshFromFile(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+void MEDFileCMesh::loadCMeshFromFile(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
   ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType meshType;
   int dummy0,dummy1;
@@ -4929,7 +4930,8 @@ void MEDFileCMesh::writeLL(med_idt fid) const
       MEDmeshGridIndexCoordinateWr(fid,maa,_iteration,_order,_time,i+1,da->getNumberOfTuples(),da->getConstPointer());
     }
   //
-  MEDFileStructuredMesh::writeStructuredLL(fid,maa);
+  std::string meshName(MEDLoaderBase::buildStringFromFortran(maa,MED_NAME_SIZE));
+  MEDFileStructuredMesh::writeStructuredLL(fid,meshName);
 }
 
 void MEDFileCMesh::synchronizeTinyInfoOnLeaves() const
@@ -4937,10 +4939,10 @@ void MEDFileCMesh::synchronizeTinyInfoOnLeaves() const
   const MEDCouplingCMesh *cmesh=_cmesh;
   if(!cmesh)
     return;
-  (const_cast<MEDCouplingCMesh *>(cmesh))->setName(_name.c_str());
-  (const_cast<MEDCouplingCMesh *>(cmesh))->setDescription(_desc_name.c_str());
+  (const_cast<MEDCouplingCMesh *>(cmesh))->setName(_name);
+  (const_cast<MEDCouplingCMesh *>(cmesh))->setDescription(_desc_name);
   (const_cast<MEDCouplingCMesh *>(cmesh))->setTime(_time,_iteration,_order);
-  (const_cast<MEDCouplingCMesh *>(cmesh))->setTimeUnit(_dt_unit.c_str());
+  (const_cast<MEDCouplingCMesh *>(cmesh))->setTimeUnit(_dt_unit);
 }
 
 MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::New()
@@ -4948,7 +4950,7 @@ MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::New()
   return new MEDFileCurveLinearMesh;
 }
 
-MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::New(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
   std::vector<std::string> ms=MEDLoader::GetMeshNames(fileName);
   if(ms.empty())
@@ -4957,18 +4959,18 @@ MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::New(const char *fileName, MEDFil
       throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
     }
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   int dt,it;
   ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType meshType;
   std::string dummy2;
-  MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(fid,ms.front().c_str(),meshType,dt,it,dummy2);
-  return new MEDFileCurveLinearMesh(fid,ms.front().c_str(),dt,it,mrs);
+  MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(fid,ms.front(),meshType,dt,it,dummy2);
+  return new MEDFileCurveLinearMesh(fid,ms.front(),dt,it,mrs);
 }
 
-MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::New(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   return new MEDFileCurveLinearMesh(fid,mName,dt,it,mrs);
 }
 
@@ -5064,10 +5066,10 @@ void MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::synchronizeTinyInfoOnLeaves() const
   const MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *clmesh=_clmesh;
   if(!clmesh)
     return;
-  (const_cast<MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *>(clmesh))->setName(_name.c_str());
-  (const_cast<MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *>(clmesh))->setDescription(_desc_name.c_str());
+  (const_cast<MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *>(clmesh))->setName(_name);
+  (const_cast<MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *>(clmesh))->setDescription(_desc_name);
   (const_cast<MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *>(clmesh))->setTime(_time,_iteration,_order);
-  (const_cast<MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *>(clmesh))->setTimeUnit(_dt_unit.c_str());
+  (const_cast<MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *>(clmesh))->setTimeUnit(_dt_unit);
 }
 
 const MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::getMesh() const
@@ -5094,7 +5096,7 @@ MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::MEDFileCurveLinearMesh()
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::MEDFileCurveLinearMesh(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::MEDFileCurveLinearMesh(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 try
   {
     loadCLMeshFromFile(fid,mName,dt,it,mrs);
@@ -5135,10 +5137,11 @@ void MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::writeLL(med_idt fid) const
   
   MEDmeshNodeCoordinateWr(fid,maa,_iteration,_order,_time,MED_FULL_INTERLACE,coords->getNumberOfTuples(),coords->begin());
   //
-  MEDFileStructuredMesh::writeStructuredLL(fid,maa);
+  std::string meshName(MEDLoaderBase::buildStringFromFortran(maa,MED_NAME_SIZE));
+  MEDFileStructuredMesh::writeStructuredLL(fid,meshName);
 }
 
-void MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::loadCLMeshFromFile(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+void MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::loadCLMeshFromFile(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
   ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType meshType;
   int dummy0,dummy1;
@@ -5162,12 +5165,12 @@ MEDFileMeshMultiTS *MEDFileMeshMultiTS::New()
   return new MEDFileMeshMultiTS;
 }
 
-MEDFileMeshMultiTS *MEDFileMeshMultiTS::New(const char *fileName)
+MEDFileMeshMultiTS *MEDFileMeshMultiTS::New(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   return new MEDFileMeshMultiTS(fileName);
 }
 
-MEDFileMeshMultiTS *MEDFileMeshMultiTS::New(const char *fileName, const char *mName)
+MEDFileMeshMultiTS *MEDFileMeshMultiTS::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName)
 {
   return new MEDFileMeshMultiTS(fileName,mName);
 }
@@ -5208,7 +5211,7 @@ std::string MEDFileMeshMultiTS::getName() const
   return _mesh_one_ts[0]->getName();
 }
 
-void MEDFileMeshMultiTS::setName(const char *newMeshName)
+void MEDFileMeshMultiTS::setName(const std::string& newMeshName)
 {
   std::string oldName(getName());
   std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> > v(1);
@@ -5254,16 +5257,16 @@ void MEDFileMeshMultiTS::write(med_idt fid) const
     }
 }
 
-void MEDFileMeshMultiTS::write(const char *fileName, int mode) const
+void MEDFileMeshMultiTS::write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const
 {
   med_access_mode medmod=MEDFileUtilities::TraduceWriteMode(mode);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,medmod);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),medmod);
   std::ostringstream oss; oss << "MEDFileMesh : error on attempt to write in file : \"" << fileName << "\""; 
-  MEDFileUtilities::CheckMEDCode(fid,fid,oss.str().c_str());
+  MEDFileUtilities::CheckMEDCode(fid,fid,oss.str());
   write(fid);
 }
 
-void MEDFileMeshMultiTS::loadFromFile(const char *fileName, const char *mName)
+void MEDFileMeshMultiTS::loadFromFile(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName)
 {//for the moment to be improved
   _mesh_one_ts.resize(1);
   _mesh_one_ts[0]=MEDFileMesh::New(fileName,mName,-1,-1);
@@ -5273,7 +5276,7 @@ MEDFileMeshMultiTS::MEDFileMeshMultiTS()
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileMeshMultiTS::MEDFileMeshMultiTS(const char *fileName)
+MEDFileMeshMultiTS::MEDFileMeshMultiTS(const std::string& fileName)
 try
   {
     std::vector<std::string> ms=MEDLoader::GetMeshNames(fileName);
@@ -5283,19 +5286,19 @@ try
       throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
     }
     MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-    MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+    MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
     int dt,it;
     ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType meshType;
     std::string dummy2;
-    MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(fid,ms.front().c_str(),meshType,dt,it,dummy2);
-    loadFromFile(fileName,ms.front().c_str());
+    MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(fid,ms.front(),meshType,dt,it,dummy2);
+    loadFromFile(fileName,ms.front());
   }
 catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
   {
     throw e;
   }
 
-MEDFileMeshMultiTS::MEDFileMeshMultiTS(const char *fileName, const char *mName)
+MEDFileMeshMultiTS::MEDFileMeshMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName)
 try
   {
     loadFromFile(fileName,mName);
@@ -5310,7 +5313,7 @@ MEDFileMeshes *MEDFileMeshes::New()
   return new MEDFileMeshes;
 }
 
-MEDFileMeshes *MEDFileMeshes::New(const char *fileName)
+MEDFileMeshes *MEDFileMeshes::New(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   return new MEDFileMeshes(fileName);
 }
@@ -5325,12 +5328,12 @@ void MEDFileMeshes::write(med_idt fid) const
     }
 }
 
-void MEDFileMeshes::write(const char *fileName, int mode) const
+void MEDFileMeshes::write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const
 {
   med_access_mode medmod=MEDFileUtilities::TraduceWriteMode(mode);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,medmod);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),medmod);
   std::ostringstream oss; oss << "MEDFileMesh : error on attempt to write in file : \"" << fileName << "\""; 
-  MEDFileUtilities::CheckMEDCode(fid,fid,oss.str().c_str());
+  MEDFileUtilities::CheckMEDCode(fid,fid,oss.str());
   checkCoherency();
   write(fid);
 }
@@ -5355,7 +5358,7 @@ MEDFileMesh *MEDFileMeshes::getMeshAtPos(int i) const
   return _meshes[i]->getOneTimeStep();
 }
 
-MEDFileMesh *MEDFileMeshes::getMeshWithName(const char *mname) const
+MEDFileMesh *MEDFileMeshes::getMeshWithName(const std::string& mname) const
 {
   std::vector<std::string> ms=getMeshesNames();
   std::vector<std::string>::iterator it=std::find(ms.begin(),ms.end(),mname);
@@ -5435,20 +5438,20 @@ void MEDFileMeshes::destroyMeshAtPos(int i)
   _meshes.erase(_meshes.begin()+i);
 }
 
-void MEDFileMeshes::loadFromFile(const char *fileName)
+void MEDFileMeshes::loadFromFile(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   std::vector<std::string> ms=MEDLoader::GetMeshNames(fileName);
   int i=0;
   _meshes.resize(ms.size());
   for(std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator it=ms.begin();it!=ms.end();it++,i++)
-    _meshes[i]=MEDFileMeshMultiTS::New(fileName,(*it).c_str());
+    _meshes[i]=MEDFileMeshMultiTS::New(fileName,(*it));
 }
 
 MEDFileMeshes::MEDFileMeshes()
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileMeshes::MEDFileMeshes(const char *fileName)
+MEDFileMeshes::MEDFileMeshes(const std::string& fileName)
 try
   {
     loadFromFile(fileName);
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMesh.hxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMesh.hxx
index d5b544972..d1e85677a 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMesh.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMesh.hxx
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileMesh : public RefCountObject, public MEDFileWritable
   {
   public:
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileMesh *New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileMesh *New(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual MEDFileMesh *createNewEmpty() const = 0;
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual MEDFileMesh *shallowCpy() const = 0;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual bool isEqual(const MEDFileMesh *other, double eps, std::string& what) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual void clearNonDiscrAttributes() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const char *name) { _name=name; }
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const std::string& name) { _name=name; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool changeNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> >& modifTab);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getName() const { return _name; }
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT const char *getUnivName() const { return _univ_name.c_str(); }
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getUnivName() const { return _univ_name; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool getUnivNameWrStatus() const { return _univ_wr_status; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setUnivNameWrStatus(bool newStatus) { _univ_wr_status=newStatus; }
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setDescription(const char *name) { _desc_name=name; }
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setDescription(const std::string& name) { _desc_name=name; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getDescription() const { return _desc_name; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setOrder(int order) { _order=order; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getOrder() const { return _order; }
@@ -62,15 +62,15 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setTime(int dt, int it, double time) { _time=time; _iteration=dt; _order=it; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT double getTime(int& dt, int& it) { dt=_iteration; it=_order; return _time; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT double getTimeValue() const { return _time; }
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setTimeUnit(const char *unit) { _dt_unit=unit; }
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT const char *getTimeUnit() const { return _dt_unit.c_str(); }
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setTimeUnit(const std::string& unit) { _dt_unit=unit; }
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getTimeUnit() const { return _dt_unit; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual int getNumberOfNodes() const = 0;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual std::vector<int> getNonEmptyLevels() const = 0;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual std::vector<int> getNonEmptyLevelsExt() const = 0;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual std::vector<int> getFamArrNonEmptyLevelsExt() const = 0;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual std::vector<int> getNumArrNonEmptyLevelsExt() const = 0;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual std::vector<int> getNameArrNonEmptyLevelsExt() const = 0;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual void write(med_idt fid) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual int getSizeAtLevel(int meshDimRelToMaxExt) const = 0;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual MEDCouplingMesh *getGenMeshAtLevel(int meshDimRelToMax, bool renum=false) const = 0;
@@ -79,15 +79,15 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     //
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool areFamsEqual(const MEDFileMesh *other, std::string& what) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool areGrpsEqual(const MEDFileMesh *other, std::string& what) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool existsGroup(const char *groupName) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool existsGroup(const std::string& groupName) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool existsFamily(int famId) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool existsFamily(const char *familyName) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setFamilyId(const char *familyName, int id);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setFamilyIdUnique(const char *familyName, int id);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual void addFamily(const char *familyName, int id);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual void createGroupOnAll(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *groupName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool existsFamily(const std::string& familyName) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setFamilyId(const std::string& familyName, int id);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setFamilyIdUnique(const std::string& familyName, int id);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual void addFamily(const std::string& familyName, int id);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual void createGroupOnAll(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& groupName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual bool keepFamIdsOnlyOnLevs(const std::vector<int>& famIds, const std::vector<int>& levs);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void addFamilyOnGrp(const char *grpName, const char *famName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void addFamilyOnGrp(const std::string& grpName, const std::string& famName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string findOrCreateAndGiveFamilyWithId(int id, bool& created);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setFamilyInfo(const std::map<std::string,int>& info);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setGroupInfo(const std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >&info);
@@ -97,26 +97,26 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void clearFamGrpMaps();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT const std::map<std::string,int>& getFamilyInfo() const { return _families; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT const std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& getGroupInfo() const { return _groups; }
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getFamiliesOnGroup(const char *name) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getFamiliesOnGroup(const std::string& name) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getFamiliesOnGroups(const std::vector<std::string>& grps) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getFamiliesIdsOnGroup(const char *name) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setFamiliesOnGroup(const char *name, const std::vector<std::string>& fams);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setFamiliesIdsOnGroup(const char *name, const std::vector<int>& famIds);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getGroupsOnFamily(const char *name) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setGroupsOnFamily(const char *famName, const std::vector<std::string>& grps);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getFamiliesIdsOnGroup(const std::string& name) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setFamiliesOnGroup(const std::string& name, const std::vector<std::string>& fams);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setFamiliesIdsOnGroup(const std::string& name, const std::vector<int>& famIds);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getGroupsOnFamily(const std::string& name) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setGroupsOnFamily(const std::string& famName, const std::vector<std::string>& grps);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getGroupsNames() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getFamiliesNames() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void assignFamilyNameWithGroupName();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> removeEmptyGroups();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void removeGroup(const char *name);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void removeFamily(const char *name);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void removeGroup(const std::string& name);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void removeFamily(const std::string& name);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> removeOrphanGroups();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> removeOrphanFamilies();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changeGroupName(const char *oldName, const char *newName);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changeFamilyName(const char *oldName, const char *newName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changeGroupName(const std::string& oldName, const std::string& newName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changeFamilyName(const std::string& oldName, const std::string& newName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changeFamilyId(int oldId, int newId);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changeAllGroupsContainingFamily(const char *familyNameToChange, const std::vector<std::string>& newFamiliesNames);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getFamilyId(const char *name) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void changeAllGroupsContainingFamily(const std::string& familyNameToChange, const std::vector<std::string>& newFamiliesNames);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getFamilyId(const std::string& name) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getMaxAbsFamilyId() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getMaxFamilyId() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getMinFamilyId() const;
@@ -147,19 +147,19 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual const DataArrayAsciiChar *getNameFieldAtLevel(int meshDimRelToMaxExt) const = 0;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual DataArrayInt *getFamiliesArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vector<std::string>& fams, bool renum=false) const = 0;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual DataArrayInt *getGroupsArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vector<std::string>& grps, bool renum=false) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual DataArrayInt *getGroupArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *grp, bool renum=false) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual DataArrayInt *getFamilyArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *fam, bool renum=false) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual DataArrayInt *getNodeGroupArr(const char *grp, bool renum=false) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual DataArrayInt *getGroupArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& grp, bool renum=false) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual DataArrayInt *getFamilyArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& fam, bool renum=false) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual DataArrayInt *getNodeGroupArr(const std::string& grp, bool renum=false) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual DataArrayInt *getNodeGroupsArr(const std::vector<std::string>& grps, bool renum=false) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual DataArrayInt *getNodeFamilyArr(const char *fam, bool renum=false) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual DataArrayInt *getNodeFamilyArr(const std::string& fam, bool renum=false) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual DataArrayInt *getNodeFamiliesArr(const std::vector<std::string>& fams, bool renum=false) const;
     // tools
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual bool unPolyze(std::vector<int>& oldCode, std::vector<int>& newCode, DataArrayInt *& o2nRenumCell) = 0;
   protected:
     MEDFileMesh();
     //! protected because no way in MED file API to specify this name
-    void setUnivName(const char *name) { _univ_name=name; }
-    void addFamilyOnAllGroupsHaving(const char *famName, const char *otherFamName);
+    void setUnivName(const std::string& name) { _univ_name=name; }
+    void addFamilyOnAllGroupsHaving(const std::string& famName, const std::string& otherFamName);
     virtual void writeLL(med_idt fid) const = 0;
     void dealWithTinyInfo(const MEDCouplingMesh *m);
     virtual void synchronizeTinyInfoOnLeaves() const = 0;
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     virtual void appendFamilyEntries(const DataArrayInt *famIds, const std::vector< std::vector<int> >& fidsOfGrps, const std::vector<std::string>& grpNames);
     virtual void changeFamilyIdArr(int oldId, int newId) = 0;
     static void TranslateFamilyIds(int offset, DataArrayInt *famArr, std::vector< std::vector<int> >& famIdsPerGrp);
-    static void ChangeAllGroupsContainingFamily(std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& groups, const char *familyNameToChange, const std::vector<std::string>& newFamiliesNames);
+    static void ChangeAllGroupsContainingFamily(std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& groups, const std::string& familyNameToChange, const std::vector<std::string>& newFamiliesNames);
     static std::string FindOrCreateAndGiveFamilyWithId(std::map<std::string,int>& families, int id, bool& created);
     static std::string CreateNameNotIn(const std::string& nameTry, const std::vector<std::string>& namesToAvoid);
     static int PutInThirdComponentOfCodeOffset(std::vector<int>& code, int strt);
@@ -192,8 +192,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
     friend class MEDFileMesh;
   public:
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileUMesh *New(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileUMesh *New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileUMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileUMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileUMesh *New();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
@@ -224,19 +224,19 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getFamArrNonEmptyLevelsExt() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getNumArrNonEmptyLevelsExt() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getNameArrNonEmptyLevelsExt() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getGrpNonEmptyLevels(const char *grp) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getGrpNonEmptyLevelsExt(const char *grp) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getFamNonEmptyLevels(const char *fam) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getFamNonEmptyLevelsExt(const char *fam) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getGrpNonEmptyLevels(const std::string& grp) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getGrpNonEmptyLevelsExt(const std::string& grp) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getFamNonEmptyLevels(const std::string& fam) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getFamNonEmptyLevelsExt(const std::string& fam) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getGrpsNonEmptyLevels(const std::vector<std::string>& grps) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getGrpsNonEmptyLevelsExt(const std::vector<std::string>& grps) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getFamsNonEmptyLevels(const std::vector<std::string>& fams) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<int> getFamsNonEmptyLevelsExt(const std::vector<std::string>& fams) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getGroupsOnSpecifiedLev(int meshDimRelToMaxExt) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayDouble *getCoords() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingUMesh *getGroup(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *grp, bool renum=false) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingUMesh *getGroup(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& grp, bool renum=false) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingUMesh *getGroups(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vector<std::string>& grps, bool renum=false) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingUMesh *getFamily(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *fam, bool renum=false) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingUMesh *getFamily(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& fam, bool renum=false) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingUMesh *getFamilies(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vector<std::string>& fams, bool renum=false) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayInt *getFamiliesArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vector<std::string>& fams, bool renum=false) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDCouplingUMesh *getMeshAtLevel(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, bool renum=false) const;
@@ -268,14 +268,14 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setGroupsOnSetMesh(int meshDimRelToMax, const std::vector<const MEDCouplingUMesh *>& ms, bool renum=false);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void optimizeFamilies();
     // tools
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void duplicateNodesOnM1Group(const char *grpNameM1, DataArrayInt *&nodesDuplicated, DataArrayInt *&cellsModified, DataArrayInt *&cellsNotModified);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void duplicateNodesOnM1Group(const std::string& grpNameM1, DataArrayInt *&nodesDuplicated, DataArrayInt *&cellsModified, DataArrayInt *&cellsNotModified);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool unPolyze(std::vector<int>& oldCode, std::vector<int>& newCode, DataArrayInt *& o2nRenumCell);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT DataArrayInt *zipCoords();
   private:
     void writeLL(med_idt fid) const;
     MEDFileUMesh();
-    MEDFileUMesh(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
-    void loadUMeshFromFile(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
+    MEDFileUMesh(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
+    void loadUMeshFromFile(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
     const MEDFileUMeshSplitL1 *getMeshAtLevSafe(int meshDimRelToMaxExt) const;
     MEDFileUMeshSplitL1 *getMeshAtLevSafe(int meshDimRelToMaxExt);
     void checkMeshDimCoherency(int meshDim, int meshDimRelToMax) const;
@@ -328,8 +328,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   protected:
     void changeFamilyIdArr(int oldId, int newId);
     void deepCpyAttributes();
-    void loadStrMeshFromFile(MEDFileStrMeshL2 *strm, med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
-    void writeStructuredLL(med_idt fid, const char *maa) const;
+    void loadStrMeshFromFile(MEDFileStrMeshL2 *strm, med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
+    void writeStructuredLL(med_idt fid, const std::string& maa) const;
     virtual const MEDCouplingStructuredMesh *getStructuredMesh() const = 0;
     static med_geometry_type GetGeoTypeFromMeshDim(int meshDim);
   private:
@@ -348,8 +348,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     friend class MEDFileMesh;
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileCMesh *New();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileCMesh *New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileCMesh *New(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileCMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileCMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileMesh *createNewEmpty() const;
@@ -367,8 +367,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     void writeLL(med_idt fid) const;
     MEDFileCMesh();
     void synchronizeTinyInfoOnLeaves() const;
-    MEDFileCMesh(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
-    void loadCMeshFromFile(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
+    MEDFileCMesh(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
+    void loadCMeshFromFile(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
   private:
     MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingCMesh> _cmesh;
   };
@@ -378,8 +378,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     friend class MEDFileMesh;
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *New();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *New(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileMesh *createNewEmpty() const;
@@ -394,11 +394,11 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setMesh(MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *m);
   private:
     MEDFileCurveLinearMesh();
-    MEDFileCurveLinearMesh(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
+    MEDFileCurveLinearMesh(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
     const MEDCouplingStructuredMesh *getStructuredMesh() const;
     void synchronizeTinyInfoOnLeaves() const;
     void writeLL(med_idt fid) const;
-    void loadCLMeshFromFile(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);//to imp
+    void loadCLMeshFromFile(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);//to imp
   private:
     MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh> _clmesh;
   };
@@ -407,23 +407,23 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileMeshMultiTS *New();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileMeshMultiTS *New(const char *fileName);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileMeshMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, const char *mName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileMeshMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileMeshMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileMeshMultiTS *deepCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getName() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const char *newMeshName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const std::string& newMeshName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool changeNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> >& modifTab);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileMesh *getOneTimeStep() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(med_idt fid) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setOneTimeStep(MEDFileMesh *mesh1TimeStep);
   private:
-    void loadFromFile(const char *fileName, const char *mName);
+    void loadFromFile(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName);
     MEDFileMeshMultiTS();
-    MEDFileMeshMultiTS(const char *fileName);
-    MEDFileMeshMultiTS(const char *fileName, const char *mName);
+    MEDFileMeshMultiTS(const std::string& fileName);
+    MEDFileMeshMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName);
   private:
     std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMesh> > _mesh_one_ts;
   };
@@ -434,18 +434,18 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileMeshes *New();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileMeshes *New(const char *fileName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileMeshes *New(const std::string& fileName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileMeshes *deepCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string simpleRepr() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void simpleReprWithoutHeader(std::ostream& oss) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(med_idt fid) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNumberOfMeshes() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileMeshesIterator *iterator();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileMesh *getMeshAtPos(int i) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileMesh *getMeshWithName(const char *mname) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileMesh *getMeshWithName(const std::string& mname) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getMeshesNames() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool changeNames(const std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> >& modifTab);
     //
@@ -455,9 +455,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void destroyMeshAtPos(int i);
   private:
     void checkCoherency() const;
-    void loadFromFile(const char *fileName);
+    void loadFromFile(const std::string& fileName);
     MEDFileMeshes();
-    MEDFileMeshes(const char *fileName);
+    MEDFileMeshes(const std::string& fileName);
   private:
     std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMeshMultiTS> > _meshes;
   };
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshElt.cxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshElt.cxx
index 9a8d48813..fd123cc03 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshElt.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshElt.cxx
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ void MEDFileUMeshPerType::loadPolyh(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int
   loadCommonPart(fid,mName,dt,it,mdim,curNbOfElem,MED_POLYHEDRON,entity,mrs);
 }
 
-void MEDFileUMeshPerType::Write(med_idt fid, const char *mname, int mdim, const MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *m, const DataArrayInt *fam, const DataArrayInt *num, const DataArrayAsciiChar *names)
+void MEDFileUMeshPerType::Write(med_idt fid, const std::string& mname, int mdim, const MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *m, const DataArrayInt *fam, const DataArrayInt *num, const DataArrayAsciiChar *names)
 {
   int nbOfCells=m->getNumberOfCells();
   if(nbOfCells<1)
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ void MEDFileUMeshPerType::Write(med_idt fid, const char *mname, int mdim, const
         throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDFileUMeshPerType::Write : internal error #1 !");
       MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> arr(m0->getNodalConnectivity()->deepCpy());
       std::transform(arr->begin(),arr->end(),arr->getPointer(),std::bind2nd(std::plus<int>(),1));
-      MEDmeshElementConnectivityWr(fid,mname,dt,it,timm,MED_CELL,curMedType,MED_NODAL,MED_FULL_INTERLACE,nbOfCells,arr->begin());
+      MEDmeshElementConnectivityWr(fid,mname.c_str(),dt,it,timm,MED_CELL,curMedType,MED_NODAL,MED_FULL_INTERLACE,nbOfCells,arr->begin());
     }
   else
     {
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ void MEDFileUMeshPerType::Write(med_idt fid, const char *mname, int mdim, const
           MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> arr(m0->getNodalConnectivity()->deepCpy()),arrI(m0->getNodalConnectivityIndex()->deepCpy());
           std::transform(arr->begin(),arr->end(),arr->getPointer(),std::bind2nd(std::plus<int>(),1));
           std::transform(arrI->begin(),arrI->end(),arrI->getPointer(),std::bind2nd(std::plus<int>(),1));
-          MEDmeshPolygon2Wr(fid,mname,dt,it,timm,MED_CELL,ikt==INTERP_KERNEL::NORM_POLYGON?MED_POLYGON:MED_POLYGON2,MED_NODAL,nbOfCells+1,arrI->begin(),arr->begin());
+          MEDmeshPolygon2Wr(fid,mname.c_str(),dt,it,timm,MED_CELL,ikt==INTERP_KERNEL::NORM_POLYGON?MED_POLYGON:MED_POLYGON2,MED_NODAL,nbOfCells+1,arrI->begin(),arr->begin());
         }
       else
         {
@@ -271,13 +271,13 @@ void MEDFileUMeshPerType::Write(med_idt fid, const char *mname, int mdim, const
                 }
               w1[1]=w1[0]+nbOfFaces2;
             }
-          MEDmeshPolyhedronWr(fid,mname,dt,it,timm,MED_CELL,MED_NODAL,nbOfCells+1,tab1,nbOfFaces+1,tab2,bigtab);
+          MEDmeshPolyhedronWr(fid,mname.c_str(),dt,it,timm,MED_CELL,MED_NODAL,nbOfCells+1,tab1,nbOfFaces+1,tab2,bigtab);
         }
     }
   if(fam)
-    MEDmeshEntityFamilyNumberWr(fid,mname,dt,it,MED_CELL,curMedType,nbOfCells,fam->getConstPointer());
+    MEDmeshEntityFamilyNumberWr(fid,mname.c_str(),dt,it,MED_CELL,curMedType,nbOfCells,fam->getConstPointer());
   if(num)
-    MEDmeshEntityNumberWr(fid,mname,dt,it,MED_CELL,curMedType,nbOfCells,num->getConstPointer());
+    MEDmeshEntityNumberWr(fid,mname.c_str(),dt,it,MED_CELL,curMedType,nbOfCells,num->getConstPointer());
   if(names)
     {
       if(names->getNumberOfComponents()!=MED_SNAME_SIZE)
@@ -286,6 +286,6 @@ void MEDFileUMeshPerType::Write(med_idt fid, const char *mname, int mdim, const
           oss << " ! The array has " << names->getNumberOfComponents() << " components !";
           throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
         }
-      MEDmeshEntityNameWr(fid,mname,dt,it,MED_CELL,curMedType,nbOfCells,names->getConstPointer());
+      MEDmeshEntityNameWr(fid,mname.c_str(),dt,it,MED_CELL,curMedType,nbOfCells,names->getConstPointer());
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshElt.hxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshElt.hxx
index 0868cf757..bf8cf826c 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshElt.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshElt.hxx
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     const DataArrayInt *getFam() const { return _fam; }
     const DataArrayInt *getNum() const { return _num; }
     const DataArrayAsciiChar *getNames() const { return _names; }
-    static void Write(med_idt fid, const char *mname, int mdim, const MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *m, const DataArrayInt *fam, const DataArrayInt *num, const DataArrayAsciiChar *names);
+    static void Write(med_idt fid, const std::string& mname, int mdim, const MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *m, const DataArrayInt *fam, const DataArrayInt *num, const DataArrayAsciiChar *names);
   private:
     MEDFileUMeshPerType(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int dt, int it, int mdim, med_geometry_type geoElt, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType type,
                         med_entity_type entity, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshLL.cxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshLL.cxx
index 39c409025..6784cb264 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshLL.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshLL.cxx
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> MEDFileMeshL2::getDirectChildren() const
   return std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *>();
 }
 
-int MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(med_idt fid, const char *mname, ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType& meshType, int& dt, int& it, std::string& dtunit1)
+int MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(med_idt fid, const std::string& mname, ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType& meshType, int& dt, int& it, std::string& dtunit1)
 {
   med_mesh_type type_maillage;
   char maillage_description[MED_COMMENT_SIZE+1];
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ int MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(med_idt fid, const char *mname, ParaMEDMEM:
     case MED_STRUCTURED_MESH:
       {
         med_grid_type gt;
-        MEDmeshGridTypeRd(fid,mname,&gt);
+        MEDmeshGridTypeRd(fid,mname.c_str(),&gt);
         switch(gt)
           {
           case MED_CARTESIAN_GRID:
@@ -113,12 +113,12 @@ int MEDFileMeshL2::GetMeshIdFromName(med_idt fid, const char *mname, ParaMEDMEM:
     }
   med_int numdt,numit;
   med_float dtt;
-  MEDmeshComputationStepInfo(fid,mname,1,&numdt,&numit,&dtt);
+  MEDmeshComputationStepInfo(fid,mname.c_str(),1,&numdt,&numit,&dtt);
   dt=numdt; it=numit;
   return ret;
 }
 
-double MEDFileMeshL2::CheckMeshTimeStep(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int nstep, int dt, int it)
+double MEDFileMeshL2::CheckMeshTimeStep(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int nstep, int dt, int it)
 {
   bool found=false;
   med_int numdt,numit;
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ double MEDFileMeshL2::CheckMeshTimeStep(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int nste
   std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > p(nstep);
   for(int i=0;i<nstep;i++)
     {
-      MEDmeshComputationStepInfo(fid,mName,i+1,&numdt,&numit,&dtt);
+      MEDmeshComputationStepInfo(fid,mName.c_str(),i+1,&numdt,&numit,&dtt);
       p[i]=std::make_pair<int,int>(numdt,numit);
       found=(numdt==dt) && (numit==numit);
     }
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ double MEDFileMeshL2::CheckMeshTimeStep(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int nste
   return dtt;
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> MEDFileMeshL2::getAxisInfoOnMesh(med_idt fid, int mId, const char *mName, ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType& meshType, int& nstep, int& Mdim)
+std::vector<std::string> MEDFileMeshL2::getAxisInfoOnMesh(med_idt fid, int mId, const std::string& mName, ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType& meshType, int& nstep, int& Mdim)
 {
   med_mesh_type type_maillage;
   med_int spaceDim;
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDFileMeshL2::getAxisInfoOnMesh(med_idt fid, int mId,
     case MED_STRUCTURED_MESH:
       {
         med_grid_type gt;
-        MEDmeshGridTypeRd(fid,mName,&gt);
+        MEDmeshGridTypeRd(fid,mName.c_str(),&gt);
         switch(gt)
           {
           case MED_CARTESIAN_GRID:
@@ -191,22 +191,22 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDFileMeshL2::getAxisInfoOnMesh(med_idt fid, int mId,
   return infosOnComp;
 }
 
-void MEDFileMeshL2::ReadFamiliesAndGrps(med_idt fid, const char *meshName, std::map<std::string,int>& fams, std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& grps, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+void MEDFileMeshL2::ReadFamiliesAndGrps(med_idt fid, const std::string& meshName, std::map<std::string,int>& fams, std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& grps, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
   if(mrs && !(mrs->isCellFamilyFieldReading() || mrs->isNodeFamilyFieldReading()))
     return ;
   char nomfam[MED_NAME_SIZE+1];
   med_int numfam;
-  int nfam=MEDnFamily(fid,meshName);
+  int nfam=MEDnFamily(fid,meshName.c_str());
   for(int i=0;i<nfam;i++)
     {
-      int ngro=MEDnFamilyGroup(fid,meshName,i+1);
-      med_int natt=MEDnFamily23Attribute(fid,meshName,i+1);
+      int ngro=MEDnFamilyGroup(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1);
+      med_int natt=MEDnFamily23Attribute(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1);
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<med_int> attide=new med_int[natt];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<med_int> attval=new med_int[natt];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> attdes=new char[MED_COMMENT_SIZE*natt+1];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> gro=new char[MED_LNAME_SIZE*ngro+1];
-      MEDfamily23Info(fid,meshName,i+1,nomfam,attide,attval,attdes,&numfam,gro);
+      MEDfamily23Info(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1,nomfam,attide,attval,attdes,&numfam,gro);
       std::string famName=MEDLoaderBase::buildStringFromFortran(nomfam,MED_NAME_SIZE);
       fams[famName]=numfam;
       for(int j=0;j<ngro;j++)
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ void MEDFileMeshL2::ReadFamiliesAndGrps(med_idt fid, const char *meshName, std::
     }
 }
 
-void MEDFileMeshL2::WriteFamiliesAndGrps(med_idt fid, const char *mname, const std::map<std::string,int>& fams, const std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& grps, int tooLongStrPol)
+void MEDFileMeshL2::WriteFamiliesAndGrps(med_idt fid, const std::string& mname, const std::map<std::string,int>& fams, const std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& grps, int tooLongStrPol)
 {
   for(std::map<std::string,int>::const_iterator it=fams.begin();it!=fams.end();it++)
     {
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ void MEDFileMeshL2::WriteFamiliesAndGrps(med_idt fid, const char *mname, const s
         MEDLoaderBase::safeStrCpy2((*it2).c_str(),MED_LNAME_SIZE-1,groName+i*MED_LNAME_SIZE,tooLongStrPol);
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> famName=MEDLoaderBase::buildEmptyString(MED_NAME_SIZE);
       MEDLoaderBase::safeStrCpy((*it).first.c_str(),MED_NAME_SIZE,famName,tooLongStrPol);
-      int ret=MEDfamilyCr(fid,mname,famName,(*it).second,ngro,groName);
+      int ret=MEDfamilyCr(fid,mname.c_str(),famName,(*it).second,ngro,groName);
       ret++;
     }
 }
@@ -243,13 +243,13 @@ MEDFileUMeshL2::MEDFileUMeshL2()
 {
 }
 
-void MEDFileUMeshL2::loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+void MEDFileUMeshL2::loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
-  _name.set(mName);
+  _name.set(mName.c_str());
   int nstep;
   int Mdim;
   ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType meshType;
-  std::vector<std::string> infosOnComp=getAxisInfoOnMesh(fid,mId,mName,meshType,nstep,Mdim);
+  std::vector<std::string> infosOnComp=getAxisInfoOnMesh(fid,mId,mName.c_str(),meshType,nstep,Mdim);
   if(meshType!=UNSTRUCTURED)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("Invalid mesh type ! You are expected an unstructured one whereas in file it is not an unstructured !");
   _time=CheckMeshTimeStep(fid,mName,nstep,dt,it);
@@ -259,55 +259,55 @@ void MEDFileUMeshL2::loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const char *mName, int dt, in
   loadCoords(fid,mId,infosOnComp,mName,dt,it);
 }
 
-void MEDFileUMeshL2::loadConnectivity(med_idt fid, int mdim, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
+void MEDFileUMeshL2::loadConnectivity(med_idt fid, int mdim, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs)
 {
   _per_type_mesh.resize(1);
   _per_type_mesh[0].clear();
   for(int j=0;j<MED_N_CELL_FIXED_GEO;j++)
     {
-      MEDFileUMeshPerType *tmp=MEDFileUMeshPerType::New(fid,mName,dt,it,mdim,typmai[j],typmai2[j],mrs);
+      MEDFileUMeshPerType *tmp=MEDFileUMeshPerType::New(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,mdim,typmai[j],typmai2[j],mrs);
       if(tmp)
         _per_type_mesh[0].push_back(tmp);
     }
   sortTypes();
 }
 
-void MEDFileUMeshL2::loadCoords(med_idt fid, int mId, const std::vector<std::string>& infosOnComp, const char *mName, int dt, int it)
+void MEDFileUMeshL2::loadCoords(med_idt fid, int mId, const std::vector<std::string>& infosOnComp, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it)
 {
   int spaceDim=infosOnComp.size();
   med_bool changement,transformation;
-  int nCoords=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,MED_COORDINATE,MED_NO_CMODE,&changement,&transformation);
+  int nCoords=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,MED_COORDINATE,MED_NO_CMODE,&changement,&transformation);
   _coords=DataArrayDouble::New();
   _coords->alloc(nCoords,spaceDim);
   double *coordsPtr=_coords->getPointer();
-  MEDmeshNodeCoordinateRd(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_FULL_INTERLACE,coordsPtr);
-  if(MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,MED_FAMILY_NUMBER,MED_NODAL,&changement,&transformation)>0)
+  MEDmeshNodeCoordinateRd(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_FULL_INTERLACE,coordsPtr);
+  if(MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,MED_FAMILY_NUMBER,MED_NODAL,&changement,&transformation)>0)
     {
       _fam_coords=DataArrayInt::New();
       _fam_coords->alloc(nCoords,1);
-      MEDmeshEntityFamilyNumberRd(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,_fam_coords->getPointer());
+      MEDmeshEntityFamilyNumberRd(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,_fam_coords->getPointer());
     }
   else
     _fam_coords=0;
-  if(MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,MED_NUMBER,MED_NODAL,&changement,&transformation)>0)
+  if(MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,MED_NUMBER,MED_NODAL,&changement,&transformation)>0)
     {
       _num_coords=DataArrayInt::New();
       _num_coords->alloc(nCoords,1);
-      MEDmeshEntityNumberRd(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,_num_coords->getPointer());
+      MEDmeshEntityNumberRd(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,_num_coords->getPointer());
     }
   else
     _num_coords=0;
-  if(MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,MED_NAME,MED_NODAL,&changement,&transformation)>0)
+  if(MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,MED_NAME,MED_NODAL,&changement,&transformation)>0)
     {
       _name_coords=DataArrayAsciiChar::New();
       _name_coords->alloc(nCoords+1,MED_SNAME_SIZE);//not a bug to avoid the memory corruption due to last \0 at the end
-      MEDmeshEntityNameRd(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,_name_coords->getPointer());
+      MEDmeshEntityNameRd(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,_name_coords->getPointer());
       _name_coords->reAlloc(nCoords);//not a bug to avoid the memory corruption due to last \0 at the end
     }
   else
     _name_coords=0;
   for(int i=0;i<spaceDim;i++)
-    _coords->setInfoOnComponent(i,infosOnComp[i].c_str());
+    _coords->setInfoOnComponent(i,infosOnComp[i]);
 }
 
 void MEDFileUMeshL2::sortTypes()
@@ -343,15 +343,15 @@ void MEDFileUMeshL2::sortTypes()
   _per_type_mesh.resize(_per_type_mesh.size()-nbOfUselessLev);
 }
 
-void MEDFileUMeshL2::WriteCoords(med_idt fid, const char *mname, int dt, int it, double time, const DataArrayDouble *coords, const DataArrayInt *famCoords, const DataArrayInt *numCoords, const DataArrayAsciiChar *nameCoords)
+void MEDFileUMeshL2::WriteCoords(med_idt fid, const std::string& mname, int dt, int it, double time, const DataArrayDouble *coords, const DataArrayInt *famCoords, const DataArrayInt *numCoords, const DataArrayAsciiChar *nameCoords)
 {
   if(!coords)
     return ;
-  MEDmeshNodeCoordinateWr(fid,mname,dt,it,time,MED_FULL_INTERLACE,coords->getNumberOfTuples(),coords->getConstPointer());
+  MEDmeshNodeCoordinateWr(fid,mname.c_str(),dt,it,time,MED_FULL_INTERLACE,coords->getNumberOfTuples(),coords->getConstPointer());
   if(famCoords)
-    MEDmeshEntityFamilyNumberWr(fid,mname,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,famCoords->getNumberOfTuples(),famCoords->getConstPointer());
+    MEDmeshEntityFamilyNumberWr(fid,mname.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,famCoords->getNumberOfTuples(),famCoords->getConstPointer());
   if(numCoords)
-    MEDmeshEntityNumberWr(fid,mname,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,numCoords->getNumberOfTuples(),numCoords->getConstPointer());
+    MEDmeshEntityNumberWr(fid,mname.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,numCoords->getNumberOfTuples(),numCoords->getConstPointer());
   if(nameCoords)
     {
       if(nameCoords->getNumberOfComponents()!=MED_SNAME_SIZE)
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ void MEDFileUMeshL2::WriteCoords(med_idt fid, const char *mname, int dt, int it,
           oss << " ! The array has " << nameCoords->getNumberOfComponents() << " components !";
           throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
         }
-      MEDmeshEntityNameWr(fid,mname,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,nameCoords->getNumberOfTuples(),nameCoords->getConstPointer());
+      MEDmeshEntityNameWr(fid,mname.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NO_GEOTYPE,nameCoords->getNumberOfTuples(),nameCoords->getConstPointer());
     }
 }
 
@@ -392,13 +392,13 @@ MEDFileCMeshL2::MEDFileCMeshL2()
 {
 }
 
-void MEDFileCMeshL2::loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const char *mName, int dt, int it)
+void MEDFileCMeshL2::loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it)
 {
-  _name.set(mName);
+  _name.set(mName.c_str());
   int nstep;
   int Mdim;
   ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType meshType;
-  std::vector<std::string> infosOnComp=getAxisInfoOnMesh(fid,mId,mName,meshType,nstep,Mdim);
+  std::vector<std::string> infosOnComp=getAxisInfoOnMesh(fid,mId,mName.c_str(),meshType,nstep,Mdim);
   if(meshType!=CARTESIAN)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("Invalid mesh type ! You are expected a structured one whereas in file it is not a structured !");
   _time=CheckMeshTimeStep(fid,mName,nstep,dt,it);
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ void MEDFileCMeshL2::loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const char *mName, int dt, in
   _order=it;
   //
   med_grid_type gridtype;
-  MEDmeshGridTypeRd(fid,mName,&gridtype);
+  MEDmeshGridTypeRd(fid,mName.c_str(),&gridtype);
   if(gridtype!=MED_CARTESIAN_GRID)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("Invalid structured mesh ! Expected cartesian mesh type !");
   _cmesh=MEDCouplingCMesh::New();
@@ -414,11 +414,11 @@ void MEDFileCMeshL2::loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const char *mName, int dt, in
     {
       med_data_type dataTypeReq=GetDataTypeCorrespondingToSpaceId(i);
       med_bool chgt=MED_FALSE,trsf=MED_FALSE;
-      int nbOfElt=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,dataTypeReq,MED_NO_CMODE,&chgt,&trsf);
+      int nbOfElt=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,dataTypeReq,MED_NO_CMODE,&chgt,&trsf);
       MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayDouble> da=DataArrayDouble::New();
       da->alloc(nbOfElt,1);
-      da->setInfoOnComponent(0,infosOnComp[i].c_str());
-      MEDmeshGridIndexCoordinateRd(fid,mName,dt,it,i+1,da->getPointer());
+      da->setInfoOnComponent(0,infosOnComp[i]);
+      MEDmeshGridIndexCoordinateRd(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,i+1,da->getPointer());
       _cmesh->setCoordsAt(i,da);
     }
 }
@@ -442,9 +442,9 @@ MEDFileCLMeshL2::MEDFileCLMeshL2()
 {
 }
 
-void MEDFileCLMeshL2::loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const char *mName, int dt, int it)
+void MEDFileCLMeshL2::loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it)
 {
-  _name.set(mName);
+  _name.set(mName.c_str());
   int nstep;
   int Mdim;
   ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType meshType;
@@ -457,14 +457,14 @@ void MEDFileCLMeshL2::loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const char *mName, int dt, i
   //
   _clmesh=MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh::New();
   INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<int> stGrid=new int[Mdim];
-  MEDmeshGridStructRd(fid,mName,dt,it,stGrid);
+  MEDmeshGridStructRd(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,stGrid);
   _clmesh->setNodeGridStructure(stGrid,((int *)stGrid)+Mdim);
   med_bool chgt=MED_FALSE,trsf=MED_FALSE;
-  int nbNodes=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,MED_COORDINATE,MED_NO_CMODE,&chgt,&trsf);
+  int nbNodes=MEDmeshnEntity(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_NODE,MED_NONE,MED_COORDINATE,MED_NO_CMODE,&chgt,&trsf);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayDouble> da=DataArrayDouble::New();
   da->alloc(nbNodes,infosOnComp.size());
   da->setInfoOnComponents(infosOnComp);
-  MEDmeshNodeCoordinateRd(fid,mName,dt,it,MED_FULL_INTERLACE,da->getPointer());
+  MEDmeshNodeCoordinateRd(fid,mName.c_str(),dt,it,MED_FULL_INTERLACE,da->getPointer());
   _clmesh->setCoords(da);
 }
 
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ MEDFileUMeshSplitL1::MEDFileUMeshSplitL1(const MEDFileUMeshSplitL1& other):RefCo
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileUMeshSplitL1::MEDFileUMeshSplitL1(const MEDFileUMeshL2& l2, const char *mName, int id):_m(this)
+MEDFileUMeshSplitL1::MEDFileUMeshSplitL1(const MEDFileUMeshL2& l2, const std::string& mName, int id):_m(this)
 {
   const std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileUMeshPerType> >& v=l2.getLev(id);
   if(v.empty())
@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ void MEDFileUMeshSplitL1::setGroupsFromScratch(const std::vector<const MEDCoupli
     *w=famIdTrad[*w];
 }
 
-void MEDFileUMeshSplitL1::write(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int mdim) const
+void MEDFileUMeshSplitL1::write(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int mdim) const
 {
   std::vector<MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *> ms(_m_by_types.getParts());
   int start=0;
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshLL.hxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshLL.hxx
index eb1d37adc..5c09e91a4 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshLL.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileMeshLL.hxx
@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     int getIteration() const { return _iteration; }
     int getOrder() const { return _order; }
     double getTime() { return _time; }
-    std::vector<std::string> getAxisInfoOnMesh(med_idt fid, int mId, const char *mName, ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType& meshType, int& nstep, int& Mdim);
-    static int GetMeshIdFromName(med_idt fid, const char *mName, ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType& meshType, int& dt, int& it, std::string& dtunit1);
-    static double CheckMeshTimeStep(med_idt fid, const char *mname, int nstep, int dt, int it);
-    static void ReadFamiliesAndGrps(med_idt fid, const char *mname, std::map<std::string,int>& fams, std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& grps, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
-    static void WriteFamiliesAndGrps(med_idt fid, const char *mname, const std::map<std::string,int>& fams, const std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& grps, int tooLongStrPol);
+    std::vector<std::string> getAxisInfoOnMesh(med_idt fid, int mId, const std::string& mName, ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType& meshType, int& nstep, int& Mdim);
+    static int GetMeshIdFromName(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMeshType& meshType, int& dt, int& it, std::string& dtunit1);
+    static double CheckMeshTimeStep(med_idt fid, const std::string& mname, int nstep, int dt, int it);
+    static void ReadFamiliesAndGrps(med_idt fid, const std::string& mname, std::map<std::string,int>& fams, std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& grps, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
+    static void WriteFamiliesAndGrps(med_idt fid, const std::string& mname, const std::map<std::string,int>& fams, const std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& grps, int tooLongStrPol);
   protected:
     MEDFileString _name;
     MEDFileString _description;
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDFileUMeshL2();
-    void loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
-    void loadConnectivity(med_idt fid, int mdim, const char *mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
-    void loadCoords(med_idt fid, int mId, const std::vector<std::string>& infosOnComp, const char *mName, int dt, int it);
+    void loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
+    void loadConnectivity(med_idt fid, int mdim, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs);
+    void loadCoords(med_idt fid, int mId, const std::vector<std::string>& infosOnComp, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it);
     int getNumberOfLevels() const { return _per_type_mesh.size(); }
     bool emptyLev(int levId) const { return _per_type_mesh[levId].empty(); }
     const std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileUMeshPerType> >& getLev(int levId) const { return _per_type_mesh[levId]; }
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> getCoordsFamily() const { return _fam_coords; }
     MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> getCoordsNum() const { return _num_coords; }
     MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayAsciiChar> getCoordsName() const { return _name_coords; }
-    static void WriteCoords(med_idt fid, const char *mname, int dt, int it, double time, const DataArrayDouble *coords, const DataArrayInt *famCoords, const DataArrayInt *numCoords, const DataArrayAsciiChar *nameCoords);
+    static void WriteCoords(med_idt fid, const std::string& mname, int dt, int it, double time, const DataArrayDouble *coords, const DataArrayInt *famCoords, const DataArrayInt *numCoords, const DataArrayAsciiChar *nameCoords);
   private:
     void sortTypes();
   private:
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDFileCMeshL2();
-    void loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const char *mName, int dt, int it);
+    void loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it);
     MEDCouplingCMesh *getMesh() { return _cmesh; }
   private:
     static med_data_type GetDataTypeCorrespondingToSpaceId(int id);
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDFileCLMeshL2();
-    void loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const char *mName, int dt, int it);
+    void loadAll(med_idt fid, int mId, const std::string& mName, int dt, int it);
     MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *getMesh() { return _clmesh; }
   private:
     MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh> _clmesh;
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     friend class MEDFileUMeshPermCompute;
   public:
     MEDFileUMeshSplitL1(const MEDFileUMeshSplitL1& other);
-    MEDFileUMeshSplitL1(const MEDFileUMeshL2& l2, const char *mName, int id);
+    MEDFileUMeshSplitL1(const MEDFileUMeshL2& l2, const std::string& mName, int id);
     MEDFileUMeshSplitL1(MEDCoupling1GTUMesh *m);
     MEDFileUMeshSplitL1(MEDCouplingUMesh *m);
     MEDFileUMeshSplitL1(MEDCouplingUMesh *m, bool newOrOld);
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     void eraseFamilyField();
     void setGroupsFromScratch(const std::vector<const MEDCouplingUMesh *>& ms, std::map<std::string,int>& familyIds,
                               std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& groups) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void write(med_idt fid, const char *mName, int mdim) const;
+    void write(med_idt fid, const std::string& mName, int mdim) const;
     //
     void setFamilyArr(DataArrayInt *famArr);
     void setRenumArr(DataArrayInt *renumArr);
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileParameter.cxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileParameter.cxx
index 0a04d8b04..38559d7ae 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileParameter.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileParameter.cxx
@@ -189,17 +189,17 @@ MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::New()
   return new MEDFileParameterDouble1TS;
 }
 
-MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::New(const char *fileName)
+MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::New(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   return new MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(fileName);
 }
 
-MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::New(const char *fileName, const char *paramName)
+MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName)
 {
   return new MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(fileName,paramName);
 }
 
-MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::New(const char *fileName, const char *paramName, int dt, int it)
+MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName, int dt, int it)
 {
   return new MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(fileName,paramName,dt,it);
 }
@@ -208,10 +208,10 @@ MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::MEDFileParameterDouble1TS()
 {
 }
 
-MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const char *fileName, const char *paramName, int dt, int it)
+MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName, int dt, int it)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   int nbPar=MEDnParameter(fid);
   std::ostringstream oss; oss << "MEDFileParameterDouble1TS : no double param name \"" << paramName << "\" ! Double Parameters available are : ";
   INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> pName=MEDLoaderBase::buildEmptyString(MED_NAME_SIZE);
@@ -240,10 +240,10 @@ MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const char *fileName, const
   throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
 }
 
-MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const char *fileName, const char *paramName)
+MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   int nbPar=MEDnParameter(fid);
   std::ostringstream oss; oss << "MEDFileParameterDouble1TS : no double param name \"" << paramName << "\" ! Double Parameters available are : ";
   INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> pName=MEDLoaderBase::buildEmptyString(MED_NAME_SIZE);
@@ -280,10 +280,10 @@ MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const char *fileName, const
   throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
 }
 
-MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const char *fileName)
+MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   int nbPar=MEDnParameter(fid);
   if(nbPar<1)
     {
@@ -355,10 +355,10 @@ std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::getDirectChildre
   return std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *>();
 }
 
-void MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::write(const char *fileName, int mode) const
+void MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const
 {
   med_access_mode medmod=MEDFileUtilities::TraduceWriteMode(mode);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,medmod);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),medmod);
   MEDFileParameterTinyInfo::writeLLHeader(fid,MED_FLOAT64);
   MEDFileParameterDouble1TSWTI::writeLL(fid,_name,*this);
 }
@@ -368,12 +368,12 @@ MEDFileParameterMultiTS *MEDFileParameterMultiTS::New()
   return new MEDFileParameterMultiTS;
 }
 
-MEDFileParameterMultiTS *MEDFileParameterMultiTS::New(const char *fileName)
+MEDFileParameterMultiTS *MEDFileParameterMultiTS::New(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   return new MEDFileParameterMultiTS(fileName);
 }
 
-MEDFileParameterMultiTS *MEDFileParameterMultiTS::New(const char *fileName, const char *paramName)
+MEDFileParameterMultiTS *MEDFileParameterMultiTS::New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName)
 {
   return new MEDFileParameterMultiTS(fileName,paramName);
 }
@@ -393,10 +393,10 @@ MEDFileParameterMultiTS::MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const MEDFileParameterMultiTS&
       }
 }
 
-MEDFileParameterMultiTS::MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const char *fileName)
+MEDFileParameterMultiTS::MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   int nbPar=MEDnParameter(fid);
   if(nbPar<1)
     {
@@ -416,10 +416,10 @@ MEDFileParameterMultiTS::MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const char *fileName)
   finishLoading(fid,paramType,nbOfSteps);
 }
 
-MEDFileParameterMultiTS::MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const char *fileName, const char *paramName)
+MEDFileParameterMultiTS::MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   int nbPar=MEDnParameter(fid);
   std::ostringstream oss; oss << "MEDFileParameterDouble1TS : no double param name \"" << paramName << "\" ! Double Parameters available are : ";
   INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> pName=MEDLoaderBase::buildEmptyString(MED_NAME_SIZE);
@@ -522,10 +522,10 @@ bool MEDFileParameterMultiTS::isEqual(const MEDFileParameterMultiTS *other, doub
   return true;
 }
 
-void MEDFileParameterMultiTS::write(const char *fileName, int mode) const
+void MEDFileParameterMultiTS::write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const
 {
   med_access_mode medmod=MEDFileUtilities::TraduceWriteMode(mode);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,medmod);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),medmod);
   writeLL(fid,*this);
 }
 
@@ -702,15 +702,15 @@ MEDFileParameters *MEDFileParameters::New()
   return new MEDFileParameters;
 }
 
-MEDFileParameters *MEDFileParameters::New(const char *fileName)
+MEDFileParameters *MEDFileParameters::New(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   return new MEDFileParameters(fileName);
 }
 
-MEDFileParameters::MEDFileParameters(const char *fileName)
+MEDFileParameters::MEDFileParameters(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   int nbPar=MEDnParameter(fid);
   _params.resize(nbPar);
   INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> pName=MEDLoaderBase::buildEmptyString(MED_NAME_SIZE);
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ MEDFileParameters::MEDFileParameters(const char *fileName)
       int nbOfSteps;
       MEDparameterInfo(fid,i+1,pName,&paramType,descName,unitName,&nbOfSteps);
       std::string paramNameCpp=MEDLoaderBase::buildStringFromFortran(pName,MED_NAME_SIZE);
-      _params[i]=MEDFileParameterMultiTS::New(fileName,paramNameCpp.c_str());
+      _params[i]=MEDFileParameterMultiTS::New(fileName,paramNameCpp);
     }
 }
 
@@ -784,10 +784,10 @@ MEDFileParameters::MEDFileParameters(const MEDFileParameters& other, bool deepCo
       }
 }
 
-void MEDFileParameters::write(const char *fileName, int mode) const
+void MEDFileParameters::write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const
 {
   med_access_mode medmod=MEDFileUtilities::TraduceWriteMode(mode);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,medmod);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),medmod);
   writeLL(fid);
 }
 
@@ -882,7 +882,7 @@ MEDFileParameterMultiTS *MEDFileParameters::getParamAtPos(int i) const
 /*!
  * \return an internal pointer that can be null. Warning the caller is \b not responsible of the returned pointer.
  */
-MEDFileParameterMultiTS *MEDFileParameters::getParamWithName(const char *paramName) const
+MEDFileParameterMultiTS *MEDFileParameters::getParamWithName(const std::string& paramName) const
 {
   int pos=getPosFromParamName(paramName);
   return getParamAtPos(pos);
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ void MEDFileParameters::destroyParamAtPos(int i)
   _params[i]=MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileParameterMultiTS>(0);
 }
 
-int MEDFileParameters::getPosFromParamName(const char *paramName) const
+int MEDFileParameters::getPosFromParamName(const std::string& paramName) const
 {
   std::ostringstream oss; oss << "MEDFileParameters::getPosFromParamName : no such name=" << paramName << " ! Possibilities are :";
   int ret=0;
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileParameter.hxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileParameter.hxx
index 1cd5d3330..1bc97c27f 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileParameter.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileParameter.hxx
@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileParameterTinyInfo : public MEDFileWritable
   {
   public:
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setDescription(const char *name) { _desc_name=name; }
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setDescription(const std::string& name) { _desc_name=name; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getDescription() const { return _desc_name; }
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setTimeUnit(const char *unit) { _dt_unit=unit; }
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setTimeUnit(const std::string& unit) { _dt_unit=unit; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getTimeUnit() const { return _dt_unit; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemSizeOfStrings() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool isEqualStrings(const MEDFileParameterTinyInfo& other, std::string& what) const;
@@ -99,37 +99,37 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *New();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *New(const char *fileName);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *paramName);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *paramName, int dt, int it);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *New(const std::string& fileName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName, int dt, int it);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual MEDFileParameter1TS *deepCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual bool isEqual(const MEDFileParameter1TS *other, double eps, std::string& what) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT virtual std::string simpleRepr() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const char *name) { _name=name; }
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const std::string& name) { _name=name; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getName() const { return _name; }
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const;
   private:
     MEDFileParameterDouble1TS();
-    MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const char *fileName);
-    MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const char *fileName, const char *paramName);
-    MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const char *fileName, const char *paramName, int dt, int it);
+    MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const std::string& fileName);
+    MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName);
+    MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName, int dt, int it);
   };
 
   class MEDFileParameterMultiTS : public RefCountObject, public MEDFileParameterTinyInfo
   {
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameterMultiTS *New();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameterMultiTS *New(const char *fileName);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameterMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, const char *paramName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameterMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameterMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string getName() const { return _name; }
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const char *name) { _name=name; }
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setName(const std::string& name) { _name=name; }
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileParameterMultiTS *deepCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool isEqual(const MEDFileParameterMultiTS *other, double eps, std::string& what) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void writeLL(med_idt fid, const MEDFileWritable& mw) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string simpleRepr() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void appendValue(int dt, int it, double time, double val);
@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   protected:
     MEDFileParameterMultiTS();
     MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const MEDFileParameterMultiTS& other, bool deepCopy);
-    MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const char *fileName);
-    MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const char *fileName, const char *paramName);
+    MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const std::string& fileName);
+    MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName);
     void finishLoading(med_idt fid, med_parameter_type typ, int nbOfSteps);
   protected:
     std::vector< MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileParameter1TS> > _param_per_ts;
@@ -155,12 +155,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameters *New();
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameters *New(const char *fileName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT static MEDFileParameters *New(const std::string& fileName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::size_t getHeapMemorySizeWithoutChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<const BigMemoryObject *> getDirectChildren() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileParameters *deepCpy() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool isEqual(const MEDFileParameters *other, double eps, std::string& what) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void writeLL(med_idt fid) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> getParamsNames() const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT std::string simpleRepr() const;
@@ -169,13 +169,13 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void pushParam(MEDFileParameterMultiTS *param);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setParamAtPos(int i, MEDFileParameterMultiTS *param);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileParameterMultiTS *getParamAtPos(int i) const;
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileParameterMultiTS *getParamWithName(const char *paramName) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDFileParameterMultiTS *getParamWithName(const std::string& paramName) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void destroyParamAtPos(int i);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getPosFromParamName(const char *paramName) const;
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getPosFromParamName(const std::string& paramName) const;
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT int getNumberOfParams() const;
   protected:
     void simpleRepr2(int bkOffset, std::ostream& oss) const;
-    MEDFileParameters(const char *fileName);
+    MEDFileParameters(const std::string& fileName);
     MEDFileParameters(const MEDFileParameters& other, bool deepCopy);
     MEDFileParameters();
   protected:
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileUtilities.cxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileUtilities.cxx
index e2152003e..3d2cbe48d 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileUtilities.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileUtilities.cxx
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ const char *MEDFileUtilities::GetReadableMEDFieldType(med_field_type ft)
     }
 }
 
-void MEDFileUtilities::CheckMEDCode(int code, med_idt fid, const char *msg)
+void MEDFileUtilities::CheckMEDCode(int code, med_idt fid, const std::string& msg)
 {
   if(code<0)
     {
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ void MEDFileUtilities::CheckMEDCode(int code, med_idt fid, const char *msg)
     }
 }
 
-void MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(const char *fileName)
+void MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   int status=MEDLoaderBase::getStatusOfFile(fileName);
   std::ostringstream oss;
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ void MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(const char *fileName)
         throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
       }
     }
-  AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   if(fid<0)
     {
       oss << " has been detected as unreadable by MED file : impossible to read anything !";
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileUtilities.hxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileUtilities.hxx
index a17a407ee..426d3f2d1 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileUtilities.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDFileUtilities.hxx
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ namespace MEDFileUtilities
 {
   med_access_mode TraduceWriteMode(int medloaderwritemode);
   const char *GetReadableMEDFieldType(med_field_type ft);
-  void CheckMEDCode(int code, med_idt fid, const char *msg);
-  void CheckFileForRead(const char *fileName);
+  void CheckMEDCode(int code, med_idt fid, const std::string& msg);
+  void CheckFileForRead(const std::string& fileName);
 
   class AutoFid
   {
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoader.cxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoader.cxx
index 75c9acc1a..b1639aa0a 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoader.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoader.cxx
@@ -141,10 +141,10 @@ using namespace ParaMEDMEM;
 
 namespace MEDLoaderNS
 {
-  int readUMeshDimFromFile(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, std::vector<int>& possibilities);
+  int readUMeshDimFromFile(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, std::vector<int>& possibilities);
   void dispatchElems(int nbOfElemCell, int nbOfElemFace, int& nbOfElem, med_entity_type& whichEntity);
-  void writeFieldWithoutReadingAndMappingOfMeshInFile(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch);
-  med_int getIdFromMeshName(med_idt fid, const char *meshName, std::string& trueMeshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  void writeFieldWithoutReadingAndMappingOfMeshInFile(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch);
+  med_int getIdFromMeshName(med_idt fid, const std::string& meshName, std::string& trueMeshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
   std::vector<std::string> getMeshNamesFid(med_idt fid);
 }
 
@@ -154,14 +154,14 @@ namespace MEDLoaderNS
 /// @cond INTERNAL
 
 /*!
- * This method returns a first quick overview of mesh with name 'meshName' into the file 'fileName'.
+ * This method returns a first quick overview of mesh with name \a meshName into the file \a fileName.
  * @param possibilities the relativeToMeshDim authorized to returned maxdim. This vector is systematically cleared at the begin of this method.
  * @return the maximal mesh dimension of specified mesh. If nothing found -1 is returned.
  */
-int MEDLoaderNS::readUMeshDimFromFile(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, std::vector<int>& possibilities)
+int MEDLoaderNS::readUMeshDimFromFile(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, std::vector<int>& possibilities)
 {
   possibilities.clear();
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   int ret;
   std::set<int> poss;
   char nommaa[MED_NAME_SIZE+1];
@@ -214,9 +214,9 @@ int MEDLoaderNS::readUMeshDimFromFile(const char *fileName, const char *meshName
   return ret;
 }
 
-med_int MEDLoaderNS::getIdFromMeshName(med_idt fid, const char *meshName, std::string& trueMeshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+med_int MEDLoaderNS::getIdFromMeshName(med_idt fid, const std::string& meshName, std::string& trueMeshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
 {
-  if(meshName==0)
+  if(meshName.empty())
     {
       std::vector<std::string> meshes=getMeshNamesFid(fid);
       if(meshes.empty())
@@ -343,10 +343,10 @@ void MEDLoader::SetTooLongStrPolicy(int val)
  * - the space dimension
  * - the number of nodes
  */
-std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType,int> > > MEDLoader::GetUMeshGlobalInfo(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int &meshDim, int& spaceDim, int& numberOfNodes)
+std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType,int> > > MEDLoader::GetUMeshGlobalInfo(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int &meshDim, int& spaceDim, int& numberOfNodes)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   std::set<int> poss;
   char nommaa[MED_NAME_SIZE+1];
   char maillage_description[MED_COMMENT_SIZE+1];
@@ -401,23 +401,23 @@ std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType,int> > > M
   return ret;
 }
 
-void MEDLoader::CheckFileForRead(const char *fileName)
+void MEDLoader::CheckFileForRead(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   MEDFileUtilities::CheckFileForRead(fileName);
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshNames(const char *fileName)
+std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshNames(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   std::vector<std::string> ret=MEDLoaderNS::getMeshNamesFid(fid);
   return ret;
 }
 
-std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> > MEDLoader::GetComponentsNamesOfField(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName)
+std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> > MEDLoader::GetComponentsNamesOfField(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   med_int nbFields=MEDnField(fid);
   std::vector<std::string> fields(nbFields);
   med_field_type typcha;
@@ -450,12 +450,12 @@ std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> > MEDLoader::GetComponentsNamesO
   throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshNamesOnField(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName)
+std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshNamesOnField(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   std::vector<std::string> ret;
   //
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   med_int nbFields=MEDnField(fid);
   //
   med_field_type typcha;
@@ -479,23 +479,23 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshNamesOnField(const char *fileName, co
   return ret;
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshFamiliesNames(const char *fileName, const char *meshName)
+std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshFamiliesNames(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
-  med_int nfam=MEDnFamily(fid,meshName);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  med_int nfam=MEDnFamily(fid,meshName.c_str());
   std::vector<std::string> ret(nfam);
   char nomfam[MED_NAME_SIZE+1];
   med_int numfam;
   for(int i=0;i<nfam;i++)
     {
-      int ngro=MEDnFamilyGroup(fid,meshName,i+1);
-      med_int natt=MEDnFamily23Attribute(fid,meshName,i+1);
+      int ngro=MEDnFamilyGroup(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1);
+      med_int natt=MEDnFamily23Attribute(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1);
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<med_int> attide=new med_int[natt];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<med_int> attval=new med_int[natt];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> attdes=new char[MED_COMMENT_SIZE*natt+1];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> gro=new char[MED_LNAME_SIZE*ngro+1];
-      MEDfamily23Info(fid,meshName,i+1,nomfam,attide,attval,attdes,&numfam,gro);
+      MEDfamily23Info(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1,nomfam,attide,attval,attdes,&numfam,gro);
       std::string cur=MEDLoaderBase::buildStringFromFortran(nomfam,sizeof(nomfam));
       ret[i]=cur;
     }
@@ -503,23 +503,23 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshFamiliesNames(const char *fileName, c
 }
 
 
-std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshFamiliesNamesOnGroup(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *grpName)
+std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshFamiliesNamesOnGroup(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& grpName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
-  med_int nfam=MEDnFamily(fid,meshName);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  med_int nfam=MEDnFamily(fid,meshName.c_str());
   std::vector<std::string> ret;
   char nomfam[MED_NAME_SIZE+1];
   med_int numfam;
   for(int i=0;i<nfam;i++)
     {
-      int ngro=MEDnFamilyGroup(fid,meshName,i+1);
-      med_int natt=MEDnFamily23Attribute(fid,meshName,i+1);
+      int ngro=MEDnFamilyGroup(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1);
+      med_int natt=MEDnFamily23Attribute(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1);
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<med_int> attide=new med_int[natt];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<med_int> attval=new med_int[natt];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> attdes=new char[MED_COMMENT_SIZE*natt+1];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> gro=new char[MED_LNAME_SIZE*ngro+1];
-      MEDfamily23Info(fid,meshName,i+1,nomfam,attide,attval,attdes,&numfam,gro);
+      MEDfamily23Info(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1,nomfam,attide,attval,attdes,&numfam,gro);
       std::string cur=MEDLoaderBase::buildStringFromFortran(nomfam,sizeof(nomfam));
       for(int j=0;j<ngro;j++)
         {
@@ -531,24 +531,24 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshFamiliesNamesOnGroup(const char *file
   return ret;
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshGroupsNamesOnFamily(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *famName)
+std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshGroupsNamesOnFamily(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& famName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
-  med_int nfam=MEDnFamily(fid,meshName);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  med_int nfam=MEDnFamily(fid,meshName.c_str());
   std::vector<std::string> ret;
   char nomfam[MED_NAME_SIZE+1];
   med_int numfam;
   bool found=false;
   for(int i=0;i<nfam && !found;i++)
     {
-      int ngro=MEDnFamilyGroup(fid,meshName,i+1);
-      med_int natt=MEDnFamily23Attribute(fid,meshName,i+1);
+      int ngro=MEDnFamilyGroup(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1);
+      med_int natt=MEDnFamily23Attribute(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1);
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<med_int> attide=new med_int[natt];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<med_int> attval=new med_int[natt];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> attdes=new char[MED_COMMENT_SIZE*natt+1];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> gro=new char[MED_LNAME_SIZE*ngro+1];
-      MEDfamily23Info(fid,meshName,i+1,nomfam,attide,attval,attdes,&numfam,gro);
+      MEDfamily23Info(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1,nomfam,attide,attval,attdes,&numfam,gro);
       std::string cur=MEDLoaderBase::buildStringFromFortran(nomfam,sizeof(nomfam));
       found=(cur==famName);
       if(found)
@@ -568,23 +568,23 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshGroupsNamesOnFamily(const char *fileN
 }
 
   
-std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshGroupsNames(const char *fileName, const char *meshName)
+std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshGroupsNames(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
-  med_int nfam=MEDnFamily(fid,meshName);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  med_int nfam=MEDnFamily(fid,meshName.c_str());
   std::vector<std::string> ret;
   char nomfam[MED_NAME_SIZE+1];
   med_int numfam;
   for(int i=0;i<nfam;i++)
     {
-      int ngro=MEDnFamilyGroup(fid,meshName,i+1);
-      med_int natt=MEDnFamily23Attribute(fid,meshName,i+1);
+      int ngro=MEDnFamilyGroup(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1);
+      med_int natt=MEDnFamily23Attribute(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1);
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<med_int> attide=new med_int[natt];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<med_int> attval=new med_int[natt];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> attdes=new char[MED_COMMENT_SIZE*natt+1];
       INTERP_KERNEL::AutoPtr<char> gro=new char[MED_LNAME_SIZE*ngro+1];
-      MEDfamily23Info(fid,meshName,i+1,nomfam,attide,attval,attdes,&numfam,gro);
+      MEDfamily23Info(fid,meshName.c_str(),i+1,nomfam,attide,attval,attdes,&numfam,gro);
       for(int j=0;j<ngro;j++)
         {
           std::string cur=MEDLoaderBase::buildStringFromFortran(gro+j*MED_LNAME_SIZE,MED_LNAME_SIZE);
@@ -594,11 +594,11 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetMeshGroupsNames(const char *fileName, con
     }
   return ret;
 }
-std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField> MEDLoader::GetTypesOfField(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *fieldName)
+std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField> MEDLoader::GetTypesOfField(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& fieldName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField> ret;
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   med_int nbFields=MEDnField(fid);
   //
   med_field_type typcha;
@@ -664,11 +664,11 @@ std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField> MEDLoader::GetTypesOfField(const char *file
   return ret;
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetAllFieldNames(const char *fileName)
+std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetAllFieldNames(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   std::vector<std::string> ret;
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   med_int nbFields=MEDnField(fid);
   med_field_type typcha;
   for(int i=0;i<nbFields;i++)
@@ -687,11 +687,11 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetAllFieldNames(const char *fileName)
   return ret;
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetAllFieldNamesOnMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName)
+std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetAllFieldNamesOnMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   std::vector<std::string> ret;
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   med_int nbFields=MEDnField(fid);
   //
   med_field_type typcha;
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetAllFieldNamesOnMesh(const char *fileName,
   return ret;
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetFieldNamesOnMesh(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const char *fileName, const char *meshName)
+std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetFieldNamesOnMesh(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   switch(type)
@@ -732,11 +732,11 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetFieldNamesOnMesh(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField
     } 
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetCellFieldNamesOnMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName)
+std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetCellFieldNamesOnMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   std::vector<std::string> ret;
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   med_int nbFields=MEDnField(fid);
   //
   med_field_type typcha;
@@ -782,11 +782,11 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetCellFieldNamesOnMesh(const char *fileName
   return ret;
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetNodeFieldNamesOnMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName)
+std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetNodeFieldNamesOnMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   std::vector<std::string> ret;
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   med_int nbFields=MEDnField(fid);
   char pflname[MED_NAME_SIZE+1]="";
   char locname[MED_NAME_SIZE+1]="";
@@ -823,11 +823,11 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDLoader::GetNodeFieldNamesOnMesh(const char *fileName
   return ret;
 }
 
-std::vector< std::pair< std::pair<int,int>, double> > MEDLoader::GetAllFieldIterations(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName)
+std::vector< std::pair< std::pair<int,int>, double> > MEDLoader::GetAllFieldIterations(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   std::vector< std::pair< std::pair<int,int>, double > > ret;
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   med_int nbFields=MEDnField(fid);
   //
   med_field_type typcha;
@@ -866,10 +866,10 @@ std::vector< std::pair< std::pair<int,int>, double> > MEDLoader::GetAllFieldIter
   throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
 }
 
-double MEDLoader::GetTimeAttachedOnFieldIteration(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order)
+double MEDLoader::GetTimeAttachedOnFieldIteration(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   med_int nbFields=MEDnField(fid);
   //
   med_field_type typcha;
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ double MEDLoader::GetTimeAttachedOnFieldIteration(const char *fileName, const ch
   return ret;
 }
 
-std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > MEDLoader::GetFieldIterations(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *fieldName)
+std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > MEDLoader::GetFieldIterations(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& fieldName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   switch(type)
@@ -928,12 +928,12 @@ std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > MEDLoader::GetFieldIterations(ParaMEDMEM::Type
     }
 }
 
-std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > MEDLoader::GetCellFieldIterations(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *fieldName)
+std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > MEDLoader::GetCellFieldIterations(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& fieldName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   std::string meshNameCpp(meshName);
   std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > ret;
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   med_int nbFields=MEDnField(fid);
   //
   med_field_type typcha;
@@ -1000,12 +1000,12 @@ std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > MEDLoader::GetCellFieldIterations(const char *
   return ret;
 }
 
-std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > MEDLoader::GetNodeFieldIterations(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *fieldName)
+std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > MEDLoader::GetNodeFieldIterations(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& fieldName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   std::string meshNameCpp(meshName);
   std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > ret;
-  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName,MED_ACC_RDONLY);
+  MEDFileUtilities::AutoFid fid=MEDfileOpen(fileName.c_str(),MED_ACC_RDONLY);
   med_int nbFields=MEDnField(fid);
   //
   med_field_type typcha;
@@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > MEDLoader::GetNodeFieldIterations(const char *
   return ret;
 }
 
-ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *MEDLoader::ReadMeshFromFile(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax)
+ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *MEDLoader::ReadMeshFromFile(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMesh> mm(MEDFileMesh::New(fileName,meshName));
@@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *MEDLoader::ReadMeshFromFile(const char *fileName, c
   throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
 }
 
-ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *MEDLoader::ReadMeshFromFile(const char *fileName, int meshDimRelToMax)
+ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *MEDLoader::ReadMeshFromFile(const std::string& fileName, int meshDimRelToMax)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMesh> mm(MEDFileMesh::New(fileName));
@@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@ ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *MEDLoader::ReadMeshFromFile(const char *fileName, i
   throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception(oss.str().c_str());
 }
 
-ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDLoader::ReadUMeshFromFile(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax)
+ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDLoader::ReadUMeshFromFile(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMesh> mm(MEDFileMesh::New(fileName,meshName));
@@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDLoader::ReadUMeshFromFile(const char *fileName,
  return  mmuPtr->getMeshAtLevel(meshDimRelToMax,true);
 }
 
-ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDLoader::ReadUMeshFromFile(const char *fileName, int meshDimRelToMax)
+ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDLoader::ReadUMeshFromFile(const std::string& fileName, int meshDimRelToMax)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMesh> mm(MEDFileMesh::New(fileName));
@@ -1141,14 +1141,14 @@ ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDLoader::ReadUMeshFromFile(const char *fileName,
  return  mmuPtr->getMeshAtLevel(meshDimRelToMax,true);
 }
 
-int MEDLoader::ReadUMeshDimFromFile(const char *fileName, const char *meshName)
+int MEDLoader::ReadUMeshDimFromFile(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   std::vector<int> poss;
   return MEDLoaderNS::readUMeshDimFromFile(fileName,meshName,poss);
 }
 
-ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDLoader::ReadUMeshFromFamilies(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::vector<std::string>& fams)
+ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDLoader::ReadUMeshFromFamilies(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::vector<std::string>& fams)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMesh> mm(MEDFileMesh::New(fileName,meshName));
@@ -1162,7 +1162,7 @@ ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDLoader::ReadUMeshFromFamilies(const char *fileN
     return mmuPtr->getFamilies(meshDimRelToMax,fams,true);
 }
 
-ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDLoader::ReadUMeshFromGroups(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::vector<std::string>& grps)
+ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDLoader::ReadUMeshFromGroups(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::vector<std::string>& grps)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMesh> mm=MEDFileMesh::New(fileName,meshName);
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *MEDLoader::ReadUMeshFromGroups(const char *fileNam
     return mmuPtr->getGroups(meshDimRelToMax,grps,true);
 }
 
-ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadField(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order)
+ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadField(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order)
 {
   CheckFileForRead(fileName);
   switch(type)
@@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadField(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField
     } 
 }
 
-std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> MEDLoader::ReadFieldsOnSameMesh(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName,
+std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> MEDLoader::ReadFieldsOnSameMesh(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName,
                                                                                   const std::vector<std::pair<int,int> >& its) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
 {
   if(its.empty())
@@ -1231,31 +1231,31 @@ std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> MEDLoader::ReadFieldsOnSameMes
   return ret;
 }
 
-std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> MEDLoader::ReadFieldsCellOnSameMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName,
+std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> MEDLoader::ReadFieldsCellOnSameMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName,
                                                                                             const std::vector<std::pair<int,int> >& its) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
 {
   return ReadFieldsOnSameMesh(ON_CELLS,fileName,meshName,meshDimRelToMax,fieldName,its);
 }
 
-std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> MEDLoader::ReadFieldsNodeOnSameMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName,
+std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> MEDLoader::ReadFieldsNodeOnSameMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName,
                                                                                       const std::vector<std::pair<int,int> >& its) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
 {
   return ReadFieldsOnSameMesh(ON_NODES,fileName,meshName,meshDimRelToMax,fieldName,its);
 }
 
-std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> MEDLoader::ReadFieldsGaussOnSameMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName,
+std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> MEDLoader::ReadFieldsGaussOnSameMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName,
                                                                                        const std::vector<std::pair<int,int> >& its) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
 {
   return ReadFieldsOnSameMesh(ON_GAUSS_PT,fileName,meshName,meshDimRelToMax,fieldName,its);
 }
 
-std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> MEDLoader::ReadFieldsGaussNEOnSameMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName,
+std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> MEDLoader::ReadFieldsGaussNEOnSameMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName,
                                                                                          const std::vector<std::pair<int,int> >& its) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
 {
   return ReadFieldsOnSameMesh(ON_GAUSS_NE,fileName,meshName,meshDimRelToMax,fieldName,its);
 }
 
-ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadFieldCell(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order)
+ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadFieldCell(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileField1TS> ff=MEDFileField1TS::New(fileName,fieldName,iteration,order);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMesh> mm=MEDFileMesh::New(fileName,meshName);
@@ -1272,7 +1272,7 @@ ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadFieldCell(const char *fileNam
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadFieldNode(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order)
+ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadFieldNode(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileField1TS> ff=MEDFileField1TS::New(fileName,fieldName,iteration,order);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMesh> mm=MEDFileMesh::New(fileName,meshName);
@@ -1314,7 +1314,7 @@ ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadFieldNode(const char *fileNam
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadFieldGauss(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order)
+ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadFieldGauss(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileField1TS> ff=MEDFileField1TS::New(fileName,fieldName,iteration,order);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMesh> mm=MEDFileMesh::New(fileName,meshName);
@@ -1331,7 +1331,7 @@ ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadFieldGauss(const char *fileNa
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadFieldGaussNE(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order)
+ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadFieldGaussNE(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileField1TS> ff=MEDFileField1TS::New(fileName,fieldName,iteration,order);
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileMesh> mm=MEDFileMesh::New(fileName,meshName);
@@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@ ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *MEDLoader::ReadFieldGaussNE(const char *file
   return ret.retn();
 }
 
-void MEDLoader::WriteMesh(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch)
+void MEDLoader::WriteMesh(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch)
 {
   if(!mesh)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDLoader::WriteMesh : input mesh is null !");
@@ -1389,7 +1389,7 @@ void MEDLoader::WriteMesh(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMes
   throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDLoader::WriteMesh : only MEDCouplingUMesh, MEDCoupling1GTUMesh, MEDCouplingCMesh, MEDCouplingCurveLinear are dealed in this API for the moment !");
 }
 
-void MEDLoader::WriteUMesh(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch)
+void MEDLoader::WriteUMesh(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch)
 {
   if(!mesh)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDLoader::WriteUMesh : input mesh is null !");
@@ -1401,12 +1401,12 @@ void MEDLoader::WriteUMesh(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUM
   m->write(fileName,mod);
 }
 
-void MEDLoader::WriteUMeshDep(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch)
+void MEDLoader::WriteUMeshDep(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch)
 {
   MEDLoader::WriteUMesh(fileName,mesh,writeFromScratch);
 }
 
-void MEDLoader::WriteUMeshesPartition(const char *fileName, const char *meshNameC, const std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>& meshes, bool writeFromScratch)
+void MEDLoader::WriteUMeshesPartition(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshNameC, const std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>& meshes, bool writeFromScratch)
 {
   std::string meshName(meshNameC);
   if(meshName.empty())
@@ -1425,12 +1425,12 @@ void MEDLoader::WriteUMeshesPartition(const char *fileName, const char *meshName
   m->write(fileName,mod);
 }
 
-void MEDLoader::WriteUMeshesPartitionDep(const char *fileName, const char *meshNameC, const std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>& meshes, bool writeFromScratch)
+void MEDLoader::WriteUMeshesPartitionDep(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshNameC, const std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>& meshes, bool writeFromScratch)
 {
   WriteUMeshesPartition(fileName,meshNameC,meshes,writeFromScratch);
 }
 
-void MEDLoader::WriteUMeshes(const char *fileName, const std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>& meshes, bool writeFromScratch)
+void MEDLoader::WriteUMeshes(const std::string& fileName, const std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>& meshes, bool writeFromScratch)
 {
   int mod=writeFromScratch?2:0;
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileUMesh> m(MEDFileUMesh::New());
@@ -1439,7 +1439,7 @@ void MEDLoader::WriteUMeshes(const char *fileName, const std::vector<const ParaM
   m->write(fileName,mod);
 }
 
-void MEDLoaderNS::writeFieldWithoutReadingAndMappingOfMeshInFile(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch)
+void MEDLoaderNS::writeFieldWithoutReadingAndMappingOfMeshInFile(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch)
 {
   MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileField1TS> ff(MEDFileField1TS::New());
   MEDLoader::AssignStaticWritePropertiesTo(*ff);
@@ -1492,7 +1492,7 @@ void MEDLoaderNS::writeFieldWithoutReadingAndMappingOfMeshInFile(const char *fil
   ff->write(fileName,0);
 }
 
-void MEDLoader::WriteField(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch)
+void MEDLoader::WriteField(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch)
 {
   if(!f)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDLoader::WriteField : input field is NULL !");
@@ -1579,12 +1579,12 @@ void MEDLoader::WriteField(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFi
     }
 }
 
-void MEDLoader::WriteFieldDep(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch)
+void MEDLoader::WriteFieldDep(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch)
 {
   WriteField(fileName,f,writeFromScratch);
 }
 
-void MEDLoader::WriteFieldUsingAlreadyWrittenMesh(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f)
+void MEDLoader::WriteFieldUsingAlreadyWrittenMesh(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f)
 {
   if(!f)
     throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("MEDLoader::WriteFieldUsingAlreadyWrittenMesh : input field is null !");
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoader.hxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoader.hxx
index 1f0a7b130..feae9ede5 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoader.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoader.hxx
@@ -47,57 +47,57 @@ class MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDLoader
   static bool HasXDR();
   static std::string MEDFileVersionStr();
   static void MEDFileVersion(int& major, int& minor, int& release);
-  static void CheckFileForRead(const char *fileName);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshNames(const char *fileName);
-  static std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType,int> > > GetUMeshGlobalInfo(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int &meshDim, int& spaceDim, int& numberOfNodes);
-  static std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> > GetComponentsNamesOfField(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshNamesOnField(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshGroupsNames(const char *fileName, const char *meshName);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshFamiliesNames(const char *fileName, const char *meshName);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshFamiliesNamesOnGroup(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *grpName);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshGroupsNamesOnFamily(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *famName);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetAllFieldNames(const char *fileName);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetAllFieldNamesOnMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName);
-  static std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField> GetTypesOfField(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *fieldName);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetFieldNamesOnMesh(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const char *fileName, const char *meshName);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetCellFieldNamesOnMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetNodeFieldNamesOnMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName);
-  static std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > GetFieldIterations(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *fieldName);
-  static std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > GetCellFieldIterations(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *fieldName);
-  static std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > GetNodeFieldIterations(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *fieldName);
-  static std::vector< std::pair< std::pair<int,int>, double> > GetAllFieldIterations(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName);
-  static double GetTimeAttachedOnFieldIteration(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromFamilies(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::vector<std::string>& fams);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromGroups(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::vector<std::string>& grps);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *ReadMeshFromFile(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax=0);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *ReadMeshFromFile(const char *fileName, int meshDimRelToMax=0);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromFile(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax=0);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromFile(const char *fileName, int meshDimRelToMax=0);
-  static int ReadUMeshDimFromFile(const char *fileName, const char *meshName);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadField(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order);
-  static std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> ReadFieldsOnSameMesh(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName,
+  static void CheckFileForRead(const std::string& fileName);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshNames(const std::string& fileName);
+  static std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType,int> > > GetUMeshGlobalInfo(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int &meshDim, int& spaceDim, int& numberOfNodes);
+  static std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> > GetComponentsNamesOfField(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshNamesOnField(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshGroupsNames(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshFamiliesNames(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshFamiliesNamesOnGroup(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& grpName);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshGroupsNamesOnFamily(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& famName);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetAllFieldNames(const std::string& fileName);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetAllFieldNamesOnMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName);
+  static std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField> GetTypesOfField(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& fieldName);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetFieldNamesOnMesh(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetCellFieldNamesOnMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetNodeFieldNamesOnMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName);
+  static std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > GetFieldIterations(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& fieldName);
+  static std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > GetCellFieldIterations(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& fieldName);
+  static std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > GetNodeFieldIterations(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& fieldName);
+  static std::vector< std::pair< std::pair<int,int>, double> > GetAllFieldIterations(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName);
+  static double GetTimeAttachedOnFieldIteration(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromFamilies(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::vector<std::string>& fams);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromGroups(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::vector<std::string>& grps);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *ReadMeshFromFile(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax=0);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *ReadMeshFromFile(const std::string& fileName, int meshDimRelToMax=0);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromFile(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax=0);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromFile(const std::string& fileName, int meshDimRelToMax=0);
+  static int ReadUMeshDimFromFile(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadField(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order);
+  static std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> ReadFieldsOnSameMesh(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName,
                                                                                 const std::vector<std::pair<int,int> >& its) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> ReadFieldsCellOnSameMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName,
+  static std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> ReadFieldsCellOnSameMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName,
                                                                                     const std::vector<std::pair<int,int> >& its) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> ReadFieldsNodeOnSameMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName,
+  static std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> ReadFieldsNodeOnSameMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName,
                                                                                     const std::vector<std::pair<int,int> >& its) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> ReadFieldsGaussOnSameMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName,
+  static std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> ReadFieldsGaussOnSameMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName,
                                                                                      const std::vector<std::pair<int,int> >& its) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> ReadFieldsGaussNEOnSameMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName,
+  static std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> ReadFieldsGaussNEOnSameMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName,
                                                                                        const std::vector<std::pair<int,int> >& its) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldCell(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldNode(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldGauss(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldGaussNE(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order);
-  static void WriteMesh(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch);
-  static void WriteUMesh(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch);
-  static void WriteUMeshDep(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch);
-  static void WriteUMeshesPartition(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>& meshes, bool writeFromScratch);
-  static void WriteUMeshesPartitionDep(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>& meshes, bool writeFromScratch);
-  static void WriteUMeshes(const char *fileName, const std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>& meshes, bool writeFromScratch);
-  static void WriteField(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch);
-  static void WriteFieldDep(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch);
-  static void WriteFieldUsingAlreadyWrittenMesh(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldCell(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldNode(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldGauss(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldGaussNE(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order);
+  static void WriteMesh(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch);
+  static void WriteUMesh(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch);
+  static void WriteUMeshDep(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch);
+  static void WriteUMeshesPartition(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>& meshes, bool writeFromScratch);
+  static void WriteUMeshesPartitionDep(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>& meshes, bool writeFromScratch);
+  static void WriteUMeshes(const std::string& fileName, const std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>& meshes, bool writeFromScratch);
+  static void WriteField(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch);
+  static void WriteFieldDep(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch);
+  static void WriteFieldUsingAlreadyWrittenMesh(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f);
  public:
   static void AssignStaticWritePropertiesTo(ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileWritable& obj);
  private:
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoaderBase.cxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoaderBase.cxx
index e35e58563..fe0aa8bf8 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoaderBase.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoaderBase.cxx
@@ -28,16 +28,16 @@
 
 const char MEDLoaderBase::WHITE_SPACES[]=" \n";
 
-int MEDLoaderBase::getStatusOfFile(const char *fileName)
+int MEDLoaderBase::getStatusOfFile(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   std::ifstream ifs;
-  ifs.open(fileName);
+  ifs.open(fileName.c_str());
   if((ifs.rdstate() & std::ifstream::failbit)!=0)
     {
       ifs.close();
       return NOT_EXIST;
     }
-  std::ofstream ofs(fileName,std::ios_base::app);
+  std::ofstream ofs(fileName.c_str(),std::ios_base::app);
   if((ofs.rdstate() & std::ofstream::failbit)!=0)
     {
       return EXIST_RDONLY;
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ std::string MEDLoaderBase::buildStringFromFortran(const char *expr, int lgth)
  * This method given the target size to respect 'sizeToRespect' tries to reduce size of 'src' string.
  * This method uses several soft methods to do its job. But if it fails a simple cut of string will be performed.
  */
-std::string MEDLoaderBase::zipString(const char *src, int sizeToRespect)
+std::string MEDLoaderBase::zipString(const std::string& src, int sizeToRespect)
 {
   std::string s(src);
   strip(s);
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoaderBase.hxx b/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoaderBase.hxx
index 9ec2093b3..7d60b7e5c 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoaderBase.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/MEDLoaderBase.hxx
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 class MEDLOADER_EXPORT MEDLoaderBase
 {
 public:
-  static int getStatusOfFile(const char *fileName);
+  static int getStatusOfFile(const std::string& fileName);
   static char *buildEmptyString(int lgth);
   static void getDirAndBaseName(const std::string& fullName, std::string& dirName, std::string& baseName);
   static std::string getPathSep();
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public:
   static void safeStrCpy2(const char *src, int maxLgth, char *dest, int behaviour);
   static std::string buildStringFromFortran(const char *expr, int lgth);
   static void zipEqualConsChar(std::string& s, int minConsSmChar);
-  static std::string zipString(const char *src, int sizeToRespect);
+  static std::string zipString(const std::string& src, int sizeToRespect);
 public:
   static const int EXIST_RW=0;
   static const int NOT_EXIST=1;
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/SauvReader.cxx b/src/MEDLoader/SauvReader.cxx
index 7c76e36cb..848d5e4c2 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/SauvReader.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/SauvReader.cxx
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ using namespace std;
  */
 //================================================================================
 
-SauvReader* SauvReader::New(const char *fileName)
+SauvReader* SauvReader::New(const std::string& fileName)
 {
-  if ( !fileName || strlen(fileName) < 1 ) THROW_IK_EXCEPTION("Invalid file name");
+  if ( fileName.empty() ) THROW_IK_EXCEPTION("Invalid file name");
 
   ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr< SauvUtilities::FileReader> parser;
 
   // try to open as XRD
-  parser = new XDRReader( fileName );
+  parser = new XDRReader( fileName.c_str() );
   if ( parser->open() )
     {
       SauvReader* reader = new SauvReader;
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ SauvReader* SauvReader::New(const char *fileName)
     }
 
   // try to open as ASCII
-  parser = new ASCIIReader( fileName );
+  parser = new ASCIIReader( fileName.c_str() );
   if ( parser->open() )
     {
       SauvReader* reader = new SauvReader;
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/SauvReader.hxx b/src/MEDLoader/SauvReader.hxx
index cb7b7e6b6..e6d3b53d5 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/SauvReader.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/SauvReader.hxx
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
 class SauvReader : public ParaMEDMEM::RefCountObject
 {
  public:
-  MEDLOADER_EXPORT static SauvReader* New(const char *fileName);
+  MEDLOADER_EXPORT static SauvReader* New(const std::string& fileName);
   MEDLOADER_EXPORT ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileData * loadInMEDFileDS();
   MEDLOADER_EXPORT ~SauvReader();
 
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/SauvWriter.cxx b/src/MEDLoader/SauvWriter.cxx
index 6478c2bbe..73e59c3d4 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/SauvWriter.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/SauvWriter.cxx
@@ -621,10 +621,10 @@ void SauvWriter::makeProfileIDs( SubMesh*                          sm,
  */
 //================================================================================
 
-void SauvWriter::write(const char* fileName)
+void SauvWriter::write(const std::string& fileName)
 {
   std::fstream fileStream;
-  fileStream.open( fileName, ios::out);
+  fileStream.open( fileName.c_str(), ios::out);
   if
 #ifdef WIN32
     ( !fileStream || !fileStream.is_open() )
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/SauvWriter.hxx b/src/MEDLoader/SauvWriter.hxx
index bbbdce98d..cbb64d3e6 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/SauvWriter.hxx
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/SauvWriter.hxx
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   public:
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT static SauvWriter *New();
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setMEDFileDS(const MEDFileData* medData, unsigned meshIndex = 0);
-    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const char* fileName);
+    MEDLOADER_EXPORT void write(const std::string& fileName);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT void setCpyGrpIfOnASingleFamilyStatus(bool status);
     MEDLOADER_EXPORT bool getCpyGrpIfOnASingleFamilyStatus() const;
   private:
diff --git a/src/MEDLoader/Swig/MEDLoaderCommon.i b/src/MEDLoader/Swig/MEDLoaderCommon.i
index 06607db5e..0d53c65de 100644
--- a/src/MEDLoader/Swig/MEDLoaderCommon.i
+++ b/src/MEDLoader/Swig/MEDLoaderCommon.i
@@ -226,19 +226,19 @@ public:
   static void SetEpsilonForNodeComp(double val) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
   static void SetCompPolicyForCell(int val) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
   static void SetTooLongStrPolicy(int val) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static void CheckFileForRead(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshNames(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshNamesOnField(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshGroupsNames(const char *fileName, const char *meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshFamiliesNames(const char *fileName, const char *meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshFamiliesNamesOnGroup(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *grpName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshGroupsNamesOnFamily(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *famName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetAllFieldNamesOnMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetAllFieldNames(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetFieldNamesOnMesh(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const char *fileName, const char *meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetCellFieldNamesOnMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static std::vector<std::string> GetNodeFieldNamesOnMesh(const char *fileName, const char *meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static double GetTimeAttachedOnFieldIteration(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static void CheckFileForRead(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshNames(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshNamesOnField(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshGroupsNames(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshFamiliesNames(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshFamiliesNamesOnGroup(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& grpName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetMeshGroupsNamesOnFamily(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& famName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetAllFieldNamesOnMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetAllFieldNames(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetFieldNamesOnMesh(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetCellFieldNamesOnMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static std::vector<std::string> GetNodeFieldNamesOnMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static double GetTimeAttachedOnFieldIteration(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
   static void AssignStaticWritePropertiesTo(ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileWritable& obj) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
   %extend
      {
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ public:
          return ret;
        }
 
-       static PyObject *GetFieldIterations(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *fieldName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       static PyObject *GetFieldIterations(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& fieldName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > res=MEDLoader::GetFieldIterations(type,fileName,meshName,fieldName);
          PyObject *ret=PyList_New(res.size());
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ public:
          return ret;
        }
 
-       static PyObject *GetAllFieldIterations(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       static PyObject *GetAllFieldIterations(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          std::vector< std::pair< std::pair<int,int>, double> > res=MEDLoader::GetAllFieldIterations(fileName,fieldName);
          PyObject *ret=PyList_New(res.size());
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ public:
          return ret;
        }
 
-       static PyObject *GetCellFieldIterations(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *fieldName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       static PyObject *GetCellFieldIterations(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& fieldName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > res=MEDLoader::GetCellFieldIterations(fileName,meshName,fieldName);
          PyObject *ret=PyList_New(res.size());
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ public:
            }
          return ret;
        }
-       static PyObject *GetNodeFieldIterations(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *fieldName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       static PyObject *GetNodeFieldIterations(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& fieldName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          std::vector< std::pair<int,int> > res=MEDLoader::GetNodeFieldIterations(fileName,meshName,fieldName);
          PyObject *ret=PyList_New(res.size());
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ public:
            }
          return ret;
        }
-       static PyObject *GetComponentsNamesOfField(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       static PyObject *GetComponentsNamesOfField(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> > res=MEDLoader::GetComponentsNamesOfField(fileName,fieldName);
          PyObject *ret=PyList_New(res.size());
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ public:
            }
          return ret;
        }
-       static PyObject *GetUMeshGlobalInfo(const char *fileName, const char *meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       static PyObject *GetUMeshGlobalInfo(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          int meshDim,spaceDim,numberOfNodes;
          std::vector< std::vector< std::pair<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType,int> > > res=MEDLoader::GetUMeshGlobalInfo(fileName,meshName,meshDim,spaceDim,numberOfNodes);
@@ -353,32 +353,32 @@ public:
          PyTuple_SetItem(ret,3,SWIG_From_int(numberOfNodes));
          return ret;
        }
-       static PyObject *ReadFieldsOnSameMesh(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax,
-                                             const char *fieldName, PyObject *liIts) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       static PyObject *ReadFieldsOnSameMesh(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax,
+                                             const std::string& fieldName, PyObject *liIts) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          std::vector<std::pair<int,int> > its=convertTimePairIdsFromPy(liIts);
          std::vector<ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *> res=MEDLoader::ReadFieldsOnSameMesh(type,fileName,meshName,meshDimRelToMax,fieldName,its);
          return convertFieldDoubleVecToPy(res);
        }
-       static void WriteUMeshesPartition(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, PyObject *li, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       static void WriteUMeshesPartition(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, PyObject *li, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *> v;
          convertFromPyObjVectorOfObj<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>(li,SWIGTYPE_p_ParaMEDMEM__MEDCouplingUMesh,"MEDCouplingUMesh",v);
          MEDLoader::WriteUMeshesPartition(fileName,meshName,v,writeFromScratch);
        }
-       static void WriteUMeshesPartitionDep(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, PyObject *li, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       static void WriteUMeshesPartitionDep(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, PyObject *li, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *> v;
          convertFromPyObjVectorOfObj<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>(li,SWIGTYPE_p_ParaMEDMEM__MEDCouplingUMesh,"MEDCouplingUMesh",v);
          MEDLoader::WriteUMeshesPartitionDep(fileName,meshName,v,writeFromScratch);
        }
-       static void WriteUMeshes(const char *fileName, PyObject *li, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       static void WriteUMeshes(const std::string& fileName, PyObject *li, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          std::vector<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *> v;
          convertFromPyObjVectorOfObj<const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *>(li,SWIGTYPE_p_ParaMEDMEM__MEDCouplingUMesh,"MEDCouplingUMesh",v);
          MEDLoader::WriteUMeshes(fileName,v,writeFromScratch);
        }
-       static PyObject *GetTypesOfField(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, const char *fieldName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       static PyObject *GetTypesOfField(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, const std::string& fieldName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          std::vector< ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField > v=MEDLoader::GetTypesOfField(fileName,meshName,fieldName);
          int size=v.size();
@@ -387,35 +387,35 @@ public:
            PyList_SetItem(ret,i,PyInt_FromLong((int)v[i]));
          return ret;
        }
-       static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromGroups(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, PyObject *li) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromGroups(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, PyObject *li) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          std::vector<std::string> grps;
          converPyListToVecString(li,grps);
          return MEDLoader::ReadUMeshFromGroups(fileName,meshName,meshDimRelToMax,grps);
        }
-       static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromFamilies(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, PyObject *li) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromFamilies(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, PyObject *li) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          std::vector<std::string> fams;
          converPyListToVecString(li,fams);
          return MEDLoader::ReadUMeshFromFamilies(fileName,meshName,meshDimRelToMax,fams);
        }
      }
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *ReadMeshFromFile(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *ReadMeshFromFile(const char *fileName, int meshDimRelToMax=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromFile(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromFile(const char *fileName, int meshDimRelToMax=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static int ReadUMeshDimFromFile(const char *fileName, const char *meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadField(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldCell(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldNode(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldGauss(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldGaussNE(const char *fileName, const char *meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static void WriteMesh(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static void WriteUMesh(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static void WriteUMeshDep(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static void WriteField(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static void WriteFieldDep(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-  static void WriteFieldUsingAlreadyWrittenMesh(const char *fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *ReadMeshFromFile(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *ReadMeshFromFile(const std::string& fileName, int meshDimRelToMax=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromFile(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *ReadUMeshFromFile(const std::string& fileName, int meshDimRelToMax=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static int ReadUMeshDimFromFile(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadField(ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField type, const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldCell(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldNode(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldGauss(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ReadFieldGaussNE(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& meshName, int meshDimRelToMax, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static void WriteMesh(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static void WriteUMesh(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static void WriteUMeshDep(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *mesh, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static void WriteField(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static void WriteFieldDep(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f, bool writeFromScratch) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+  static void WriteFieldUsingAlreadyWrittenMesh(const std::string& fileName, const ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
 };
 
 namespace ParaMEDMEM
@@ -469,18 +469,18 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileMesh : public RefCountObject, public MEDFileWritable
   {
   public:
-    static MEDFileMesh *New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileMesh *New(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual MEDFileMesh *createNewEmpty() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual MEDFileMesh *deepCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual MEDFileMesh *shallowCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual void clearNonDiscrAttributes() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setName(const char *name);
+    void setName(const std::string& name);
     std::string getName();
-    const char *getUnivName() const;
+    std::string getUnivName() const;
     bool getUnivNameWrStatus() const;
     void setUnivNameWrStatus(bool newStatus);
-    void setDescription(const char *name);
+    void setDescription(const std::string& name);
     std::string getDescription() const;
     void setOrder(int order);
     int getOrder() const;
@@ -489,8 +489,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     void setTimeValue(double time);
     void setTime(int dt, int it, double time);
     double getTimeValue() const;
-    void setTimeUnit(const char *unit);
-    const char *getTimeUnit() const;
+    void setTimeUnit(const std::string& unit);
+    std::string getTimeUnit() const;
     virtual int getNumberOfNodes() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual std::vector<int> getFamArrNonEmptyLevelsExt() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual std::vector<int> getNumArrNonEmptyLevelsExt() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -498,17 +498,17 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     virtual std::vector<int> getDistributionOfTypes(int meshDimRelToMax) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<int> getNonEmptyLevels() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<int> getNonEmptyLevelsExt() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getSizeAtLevel(int meshDimRelToMaxExt) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     //
-    bool existsGroup(const char *groupName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    bool existsGroup(const std::string& groupName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     bool existsFamily(int famId) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    bool existsFamily(const char *familyName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setFamilyId(const char *familyName, int id) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setFamilyIdUnique(const char *familyName, int id) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void addFamily(const char *familyName, int id) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void addFamilyOnGrp(const char *grpName, const char *famName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    virtual void createGroupOnAll(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *groupName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    bool existsFamily(const std::string& familyName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setFamilyId(const std::string& familyName, int id) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setFamilyIdUnique(const std::string& familyName, int id) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void addFamily(const std::string& familyName, int id) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void addFamilyOnGrp(const std::string& grpName, const std::string& famName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    virtual void createGroupOnAll(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& groupName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual bool keepFamIdsOnlyOnLevs(const std::vector<int>& famIds, const std::vector<int>& levs) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void copyFamGrpMapsFrom(const MEDFileMesh& other) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void clearGrpMap() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -516,28 +516,28 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     void clearFamGrpMaps() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     const std::map<std::string,int>& getFamilyInfo() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     const std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >& getGroupInfo() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    std::vector<std::string> getFamiliesOnGroup(const char *name) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    std::vector<std::string> getFamiliesOnGroup(const std::string& name) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<std::string> getFamiliesOnGroups(const std::vector<std::string>& grps) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    std::vector<int> getFamiliesIdsOnGroup(const char *name) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setFamiliesOnGroup(const char *name, const std::vector<std::string>& fams) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setFamiliesIdsOnGroup(const char *name, const std::vector<int>& famIds) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    std::vector<std::string> getGroupsOnFamily(const char *name) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setGroupsOnFamily(const char *famName, const std::vector<std::string>& grps) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    std::vector<int> getFamiliesIdsOnGroup(const std::string& name) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setFamiliesOnGroup(const std::string& name, const std::vector<std::string>& fams) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setFamiliesIdsOnGroup(const std::string& name, const std::vector<int>& famIds) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    std::vector<std::string> getGroupsOnFamily(const std::string& name) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setGroupsOnFamily(const std::string& famName, const std::vector<std::string>& grps) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<std::string> getGroupsNames() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<std::string> getFamiliesNames() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void assignFamilyNameWithGroupName() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<std::string> removeEmptyGroups() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void removeGroup(const char *name) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void removeFamily(const char *name) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void removeGroup(const std::string& name) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void removeFamily(const std::string& name) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<std::string> removeOrphanGroups() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<std::string> removeOrphanFamilies() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void changeGroupName(const char *oldName, const char *newName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void changeFamilyName(const char *oldName, const char *newName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void changeGroupName(const std::string& oldName, const std::string& newName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void changeFamilyName(const std::string& oldName, const std::string& newName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void changeFamilyId(int oldId, int newId) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void changeAllGroupsContainingFamily(const char *familyNameToChange, const std::vector<std::string>& newFamiliesNames) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void changeAllGroupsContainingFamily(const std::string& familyNameToChange, const std::vector<std::string>& newFamiliesNames) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void setFamilyInfo(const std::map<std::string,int>& info);
     void setGroupInfo(const std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >&info);
-    int getFamilyId(const char *name) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    int getFamilyId(const std::string& name) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getMaxAbsFamilyId() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getMaxFamilyId() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getMinFamilyId() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -564,11 +564,11 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     virtual void setNameFieldAtLevel(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, DataArrayAsciiChar *nameArr) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual DataArrayInt *getFamiliesArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vector<std::string>& fams, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual DataArrayInt *getGroupsArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vector<std::string>& grps, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    virtual DataArrayInt *getGroupArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *grp, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    virtual DataArrayInt *getFamilyArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *fam, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    virtual DataArrayInt *getNodeGroupArr(const char *grp, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    virtual DataArrayInt *getGroupArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& grp, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    virtual DataArrayInt *getFamilyArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& fam, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    virtual DataArrayInt *getNodeGroupArr(const std::string& grp, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual DataArrayInt *getNodeGroupsArr(const std::vector<std::string>& grps, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    virtual DataArrayInt *getNodeFamilyArr(const char *fam, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    virtual DataArrayInt *getNodeFamilyArr(const std::string& fam, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual DataArrayInt *getNodeFamiliesArr(const std::vector<std::string>& fams, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
        {
@@ -697,32 +697,32 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileUMesh : public MEDFileMesh
   {
   public:
-    static MEDFileUMesh *New(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileUMesh *New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileUMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileUMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     static MEDFileUMesh *New();
     ~MEDFileUMesh();
     int getSpaceDimension() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     //
-    std::vector<int> getGrpNonEmptyLevels(const char *grp) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    std::vector<int> getGrpNonEmptyLevelsExt(const char *grp) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    std::vector<int> getFamNonEmptyLevels(const char *fam) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    std::vector<int> getFamNonEmptyLevelsExt(const char *fam) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    std::vector<int> getGrpNonEmptyLevels(const std::string& grp) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    std::vector<int> getGrpNonEmptyLevelsExt(const std::string& grp) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    std::vector<int> getFamNonEmptyLevels(const std::string& fam) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    std::vector<int> getFamNonEmptyLevelsExt(const std::string& fam) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<int> getGrpsNonEmptyLevels(const std::vector<std::string>& grps) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<int> getGrpsNonEmptyLevelsExt(const std::vector<std::string>& grps) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<int> getFamsNonEmptyLevels(const std::vector<std::string>& fams) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<int> getFamsNonEmptyLevelsExt(const std::vector<std::string>& fams) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<std::string> getGroupsOnSpecifiedLev(int meshDimRelToMaxExt) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    MEDCouplingUMesh *getGroup(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *grp, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    DataArrayInt *getGroupArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *grp, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    MEDCouplingUMesh *getGroup(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& grp, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    DataArrayInt *getGroupArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& grp, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCouplingUMesh *getGroups(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vector<std::string>& grps, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     DataArrayInt *getGroupsArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vector<std::string>& grps, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    MEDCouplingUMesh *getFamily(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *fam, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    DataArrayInt *getFamilyArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const char *fam, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    MEDCouplingUMesh *getFamily(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& fam, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    DataArrayInt *getFamilyArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::string& fam, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCouplingUMesh *getFamilies(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vector<std::string>& fams, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     DataArrayInt *getFamiliesArr(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, const std::vector<std::string>& fams, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    DataArrayInt *getNodeGroupArr(const char *grp, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    DataArrayInt *getNodeGroupArr(const std::string& grp, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     DataArrayInt *getNodeGroupsArr(const std::vector<std::string>& grps, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    DataArrayInt *getNodeFamilyArr(const char *fam, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    DataArrayInt *getNodeFamilyArr(const std::string& fam, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     DataArrayInt *getNodeFamiliesArr(const std::vector<std::string>& fams, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCouplingUMesh *getMeshAtLevel(int meshDimRelToMaxExt, bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCouplingUMesh *getLevel0Mesh(bool renum=false) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -745,12 +745,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     DataArrayInt *extractNumberFieldOnGeoType(INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType gt) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
        { 
-         MEDFileUMesh(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileUMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileUMesh::New(fileName,mName,dt,it,mrs);
          }
 
-         MEDFileUMesh(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileUMesh(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileUMesh::New(fileName,mrs);
          }
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
            return ret;
          }
 
-         PyObject *duplicateNodesOnM1Group(const char *grpNameM1) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         PyObject *duplicateNodesOnM1Group(const std::string& grpNameM1) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            DataArrayInt *ret0=0,*ret1=0,*ret2=0;
            self->duplicateNodesOnM1Group(grpNameM1,ret0,ret1,ret2);
@@ -857,8 +857,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     static MEDFileCMesh *New();
-    static MEDFileCMesh *New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileCMesh *New(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileCMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileCMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void setMesh(MEDCouplingCMesh *m) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
        {
@@ -867,12 +867,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
            return MEDFileCMesh::New();
          }
 
-         MEDFileCMesh(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileCMesh(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileCMesh::New(fileName,mrs);
          }
 
-         MEDFileCMesh(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileCMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileCMesh::New(fileName,mName,dt,it,mrs);
          }
@@ -891,8 +891,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     static MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *New();
-    static MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *New(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *New(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileCurveLinearMesh *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void setMesh(MEDCouplingCurveLinearMesh *m) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
        {
@@ -901,12 +901,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
            return MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::New();
          }
 
-         MEDFileCurveLinearMesh(const char *fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileCurveLinearMesh(const std::string& fileName, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::New(fileName,mrs);
          }
 
-         MEDFileCurveLinearMesh(const char *fileName, const char *mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileCurveLinearMesh(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName, int dt=-1, int it=-1, MEDFileMeshReadSelector *mrs=0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileCurveLinearMesh::New(fileName,mName,dt,it,mrs);
          }
@@ -925,11 +925,11 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     static MEDFileMeshMultiTS *New();
-    static MEDFileMeshMultiTS *New(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileMeshMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, const char *mName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileMeshMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileMeshMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDFileMeshMultiTS *deepCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string getName() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void setOneTimeStep(MEDFileMesh *mesh1TimeStep) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
        { 
@@ -938,12 +938,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
            return MEDFileMeshMultiTS::New();
          }
 
-         MEDFileMeshMultiTS(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileMeshMultiTS(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileMeshMultiTS::New(fileName);
          }
 
-         MEDFileMeshMultiTS(const char *fileName, const char *mName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileMeshMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& mName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileMeshMultiTS::New(fileName,mName);
          }
@@ -984,9 +984,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     static MEDFileMeshes *New();
-    static MEDFileMeshes *New(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileMeshes *New(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDFileMeshes *deepCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getNumberOfMeshes() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<std::string> getMeshesNames() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     //
@@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
            return MEDFileMeshes::New();
          }
 
-         MEDFileMeshes(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileMeshes(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileMeshes::New(fileName);
          }
@@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
                ret->incrRef();
              return ret;
            }
-         MEDFileMesh *getMeshWithName(const char *mname) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileMesh *getMeshWithName(const std::string& mname) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
            {
              MEDFileMesh *ret=self->getMeshWithName(mname);
              if(ret)
@@ -1098,8 +1098,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     void checkGlobsLocsPartCoherency() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<std::string> getPfls() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<std::string> getLocs() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    bool existsPfl(const char *pflName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    bool existsLoc(const char *locName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    bool existsPfl(const std::string& pflName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    bool existsLoc(const std::string& locName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string createNewNameOfPfl() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string createNewNameOfLoc() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector< std::vector<int> > whichAreEqualProfiles() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -1110,13 +1110,13 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     virtual std::vector<std::string> getLocsReallyUsedMulti() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void killProfileIds(const std::vector<int>& pflIds) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void killLocalizationIds(const std::vector<int>& locIds) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void changePflName(const char *oldName, const char *newName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void changeLocName(const char *oldName, const char *newName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void changePflName(const std::string& oldName, const std::string& newName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void changeLocName(const std::string& oldName, const std::string& newName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getNbOfGaussPtPerCell(int locId) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    int getLocalizationId(const char *loc) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    int getLocalizationId(const std::string& loc) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
   %extend
      {
-       PyObject *getProfile(const char *pflName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       PyObject *getProfile(const std::string& pflName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          const DataArrayInt *ret=self->getProfile(pflName);
          if(ret)
@@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
          return SWIG_NewPointerObj(SWIG_as_voidptr(loc),SWIGTYPE_p_ParaMEDMEM__MEDFileFieldLoc, SWIG_POINTER_OWN | 0 );
        }
        
-       PyObject *getLocalization(const char *locName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+       PyObject *getLocalization(const std::string& locName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
        {
          const MEDFileFieldLoc *loc=&self->getLocalization(locName);
          if(loc)
@@ -1208,10 +1208,10 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS : public RefCountObject, public MEDFileFieldGlobsReal, public MEDFileWritable
   {
   public:
-    static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void loadArrays() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void loadArraysIfNecessary() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void unloadArrays() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -1219,9 +1219,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     int getIteration() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getOrder() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string getName() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setName(const char *name) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setName(const std::string& name) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string getMeshName() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setMeshName(const char *newMeshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setMeshName(const std::string& newMeshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getMeshIteration() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getMeshOrder() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getNumberOfComponents() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     virtual MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *shallowCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS *deepCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string getDtUnit() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setDtUnit(const char *dtUnit) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setDtUnit(const std::string& dtUnit) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
     {
       PyObject *getTime() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
@@ -1255,12 +1255,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         return elt;
       }
 
-      void setProfileNameOnLeaf(INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const char *newPflName, bool forceRenameOnGlob=false) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      void setProfileNameOnLeaf(INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const std::string& newPflName, bool forceRenameOnGlob=false) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         self->setProfileNameOnLeaf(0,typ,locId,newPflName,forceRenameOnGlob);
       }
       
-      void setLocNameOnLeaf(INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const char *newLocName, bool forceRenameOnGlob=false) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      void setLocNameOnLeaf(INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const std::string& newLocName, bool forceRenameOnGlob=false) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         self->setLocNameOnLeaf(0,typ,locId,newLocName,forceRenameOnGlob);
       }
@@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         return ret2;
       }
 
-      PyObject *getNonEmptyLevels(const char *mname=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      PyObject *getNonEmptyLevels(const std::string& mname=std::string()) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         std::vector<int> ret1;
         int ret0=self->getNonEmptyLevels(mname,ret1);
@@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         return elt;
       }
 
-      PyObject *getFieldSplitedByType(const char *mname=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      PyObject *getFieldSplitedByType(const std::string& mname=std::string()) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType> types;
         std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> > typesF;
@@ -1350,34 +1350,34 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileField1TS : public MEDFileAnyTypeField1TS
   {
   public:
-    static MEDFileField1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileField1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileField1TS *New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     static MEDFileField1TS *New();
     ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileIntField1TS *convertToInt(bool isDeepCpyGlobs=true) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtTopLevel(TypeOfField type, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, const MEDCouplingMesh *mesh, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int meshDimRelToMax, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const char *mname, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const std::string& mname, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     //
     void setFieldNoProfileSBT(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void setFieldProfile(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, int meshDimRelToMax, const DataArrayInt *profile) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setProfileNameOnLeaf(const char *mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const char *newPflName, bool forceRenameOnGlob=false) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setLocNameOnLeaf(const char *mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const char *newLocName, bool forceRenameOnGlob=false) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setProfileNameOnLeaf(const std::string& mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const std::string& newPflName, bool forceRenameOnGlob=false) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setLocNameOnLeaf(const std::string& mName, INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType typ, int locId, const std::string& newLocName, bool forceRenameOnGlob=false) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
        {
-         MEDFileField1TS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileField1TS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileField1TS::New(fileName,loadAll);
          }
          
-         MEDFileField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileField1TS::New(fileName,fieldName,loadAll);
          }
 
-         MEDFileField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileField1TS::New(fileName,fieldName,iteration,order,loadAll);
          }
@@ -1410,7 +1410,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
            return ret;
          }
 
-         PyObject *getFieldSplitedByType2(const char *mname=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         PyObject *getFieldSplitedByType2(const std::string& mname=std::string()) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType> types;
            std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> > typesF;
@@ -1485,9 +1485,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     static MEDFileIntField1TS *New();
-    static MEDFileIntField1TS *New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileIntField1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileIntField1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileIntField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileIntField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileIntField1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileField1TS *convertToDouble(bool isDeepCpyGlobs=true) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     //
     void setFieldNoProfileSBT(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field, const DataArrayInt *arrOfVals) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -1499,17 +1499,17 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         return MEDFileIntField1TS::New();
       }
 
-      MEDFileIntField1TS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      MEDFileIntField1TS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         return MEDFileIntField1TS::New(fileName,loadAll);
       }
 
-      MEDFileIntField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      MEDFileIntField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         return MEDFileIntField1TS::New(fileName,fieldName,loadAll);
       }
 
-      MEDFileIntField1TS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      MEDFileIntField1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, int iteration, int order, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         return MEDFileIntField1TS::New(fileName,fieldName,iteration,order,loadAll);
       }
@@ -1559,7 +1559,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         return ret;
       }
       
-      PyObject *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const char *mname, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      PyObject *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const std::string& mname, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         DataArrayInt *ret1=0;
         MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ret0=self->getFieldAtLevelOld(type,mname,meshDimRelToMax,ret1,renumPol);
@@ -1611,23 +1611,23 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS : public RefCountObject, public MEDFileFieldGlobsReal, public MEDFileWritable
   {
   public:
-    static MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *deepCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *shallowCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string getName() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setName(const char *name) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setName(const std::string& name) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string getDtUnit() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setDtUnit(const char *dtUnit) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setDtUnit(const std::string& dtUnit) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string getMeshName() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setMeshName(const char *newMeshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setMeshName(const std::string& newMeshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     const std::vector<std::string>& getInfo() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getNumberOfComponents() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getNumberOfTS() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void eraseEmptyTS() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getPosOfTimeStep(int iteration, int order) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getPosGivenTime(double time, double eps=1e-8) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void loadArrays() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void loadArraysIfNecessary() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void unloadArrays() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -1725,7 +1725,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         return ret2;
       }
       
-      PyObject *getNonEmptyLevels(int iteration, int order, const char *mname=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      PyObject *getNonEmptyLevels(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname=std::string()) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         std::vector<int> ret1;
         int ret0=self->getNonEmptyLevels(iteration,order,mname,ret1);
@@ -1735,7 +1735,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         return elt;
       }
       
-      PyObject *getFieldSplitedByType(int iteration, int order, const char *mname=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      PyObject *getFieldSplitedByType(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname=std::string()) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType> types;
         std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> > typesF;
@@ -1970,14 +1970,14 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     static MEDFileFieldMultiTS *New() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileFieldMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileFieldMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileFieldMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileFieldMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     //
     MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtTopLevel(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, int meshDimRelToMax, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldOnMeshAtLevel(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, const MEDCouplingMesh *mesh, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const char *mname, int iteration, int order, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    MEDCouplingFieldDouble *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, const std::string& mname, int iteration, int order, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     //
     void appendFieldNoProfileSBT(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void appendFieldProfile(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, int meshDimRelToMax, const DataArrayInt *profile) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -1989,12 +1989,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
            return MEDFileFieldMultiTS::New();
          }
 
-         MEDFileFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileFieldMultiTS::New(fileName,loadAll);
          }
 
-         MEDFileFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileFieldMultiTS::New(fileName,fieldName,loadAll);
          }
@@ -2014,7 +2014,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
            return ret;
          }
 
-         PyObject *getFieldSplitedByType2(int iteration, int order, const char *mname=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         PyObject *getFieldSplitedByType2(int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname=std::string()) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            std::vector<INTERP_KERNEL::NormalizedCellType> types;
            std::vector< std::vector<TypeOfField> > typesF;
@@ -2107,8 +2107,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     static MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *New();
-    static MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     //
     void appendFieldNoProfileSBT(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field, const DataArrayInt *arrOfVals) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void appendFieldProfile(const MEDCouplingFieldDouble *field, const DataArrayInt *arrOfVals, const MEDFileMesh *mesh, int meshDimRelToMax, const DataArrayInt *profile) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -2120,12 +2120,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         return MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::New();
       }
       
-      MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         return MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::New(fileName,loadAll);
       }
       
-      MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(const char *fileName, const char *fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& fieldName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         return MEDFileIntFieldMultiTS::New(fileName,fieldName,loadAll);
       }
@@ -2175,7 +2175,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         return ret;
       }
       
-      PyObject *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, const char *mname, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      PyObject *getFieldAtLevelOld(TypeOfField type, int iteration, int order, const std::string& mname, int meshDimRelToMax, int renumPol=0) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         DataArrayInt *ret1=0;
         MEDCouplingFieldDouble *ret0=self->getFieldAtLevelOld(type,iteration,order,mname,meshDimRelToMax,ret1,renumPol);
@@ -2209,13 +2209,13 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     static MEDFileFields *New() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileFields *New(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileFields *New(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDFileFields *deepCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDFileFields *shallowCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void loadArrays() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void loadArraysIfNecessary() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void unloadArrays() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getNumberOfFields() const;
     std::vector<std::string> getFieldsNames() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<std::string> getMeshesNames() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -2223,10 +2223,10 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     void resize(int newSize) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void pushField(MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *field) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void setFieldAtPos(int i, MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *field) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    int getPosFromFieldName(const char *fieldName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    int getPosFromFieldName(const std::string& fieldName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *getFieldAtPos(int i) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *getFieldWithName(const char *fieldName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    MEDFileFields *partOfThisLyingOnSpecifiedMeshName(const char *meshName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    MEDFileAnyTypeFieldMultiTS *getFieldWithName(const std::string& fieldName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    MEDFileFields *partOfThisLyingOnSpecifiedMeshName(const std::string& meshName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void destroyFieldAtPos(int i) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
        {
@@ -2235,7 +2235,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
            return MEDFileFields::New();
          }
 
-         MEDFileFields(const char *fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileFields(const std::string& fileName, bool loadAll=true) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileFields::New(fileName,loadAll);
          }
@@ -2409,9 +2409,9 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileParameterTinyInfo : public MEDFileWritable
   {
   public:
-    void setDescription(const char *name);
+    void setDescription(const std::string& name);
     std::string getDescription() const;
-    void setTimeUnit(const char *unit);
+    void setTimeUnit(const std::string& unit);
     std::string getTimeUnit() const;
   };
 
@@ -2419,14 +2419,14 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     static MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *New();
-    static MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *New(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *paramName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *New(const char *fileName, const char *paramName, int dt, int it) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *New(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileParameterDouble1TS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName, int dt, int it) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual MEDFileParameter1TS *deepCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     virtual std::string simpleRepr() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void setName(const char *name) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void setName(const std::string& name) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string getName() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
     {
       MEDFileParameterDouble1TS()
@@ -2434,17 +2434,17 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         return MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::New();
       }
       
-      MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         return MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::New(fileName);
       }
 
-      MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const char *fileName, const char *paramName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         return MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::New(fileName,paramName);
       }
 
-      MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const char *fileName, const char *paramName, int dt, int it) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      MEDFileParameterDouble1TS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName, int dt, int it) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         return MEDFileParameterDouble1TS::New(fileName,paramName,dt,it);
       }
@@ -2472,12 +2472,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     static MEDFileParameterMultiTS *New();
-    static MEDFileParameterMultiTS *New(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    static MEDFileParameterMultiTS *New(const char *fileName, const char *paramName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileParameterMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileParameterMultiTS *New(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string getName() const;
-    void setName(const char *name);
+    void setName(const std::string& name);
     MEDFileParameterMultiTS *deepCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string simpleRepr() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void appendValue(int dt, int it, double time, double val) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     double getDoubleValue(int iteration, int order) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -2490,12 +2490,12 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         return MEDFileParameterMultiTS::New();
       }
       
-      MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const char *fileName)
+      MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const std::string& fileName)
       {
         return MEDFileParameterMultiTS::New(fileName);
       }
 
-      MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const char *fileName, const char *paramName)
+      MEDFileParameterMultiTS(const std::string& fileName, const std::string& paramName)
       {
         return MEDFileParameterMultiTS::New(fileName,paramName);
       }
@@ -2665,16 +2665,16 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
   public:
     static MEDFileParameters *New();
-    static MEDFileParameters *New(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileParameters *New(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDFileParameters *deepCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::vector<std::string> getParamsNames() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     std::string simpleRepr() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void resize(int newSize) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void pushParam(MEDFileParameterMultiTS *param) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void setParamAtPos(int i, MEDFileParameterMultiTS *param) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void destroyParamAtPos(int i) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    int getPosFromParamName(const char *paramName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    int getPosFromParamName(const std::string& paramName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getNumberOfParams() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
     {
@@ -2683,7 +2683,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         return MEDFileParameters::New();
       }
       
-      MEDFileParameters(const char *fileName)
+      MEDFileParameters(const std::string& fileName)
       {
         return MEDFileParameters::New(fileName);
       }
@@ -2726,7 +2726,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         return ret;
       }
 
-      MEDFileParameterMultiTS *getParamWithName(const char *paramName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      MEDFileParameterMultiTS *getParamWithName(const std::string& paramName) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         MEDFileParameterMultiTS *ret=self->getParamWithName(paramName);
         if(ret)
@@ -2751,7 +2751,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class MEDFileData : public RefCountObject, public MEDFileWritable
   {
   public:
-    static MEDFileData *New(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static MEDFileData *New(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     static MEDFileData *New();
     MEDFileData *deepCpy() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void setFields(MEDFileFields *fields) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
@@ -2761,13 +2761,13 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
     int getNumberOfMeshes() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     int getNumberOfParams() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     //
-    bool changeMeshName(const char *oldMeshName, const char *newMeshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    bool changeMeshName(const std::string& oldMeshName, const std::string& newMeshName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     bool unPolyzeMeshes() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     //
-    void write(const char *fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void write(const std::string& fileName, int mode) const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
        {
-         MEDFileData(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+         MEDFileData(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
          {
            return MEDFileData::New(fileName);
          }
@@ -2817,11 +2817,11 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   class SauvReader : public RefCountObject
   {
   public:
-    static SauvReader* New(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    static SauvReader* New(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     MEDFileData * loadInMEDFileDS() throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
     {
-      SauvReader(const char *fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
+      SauvReader(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception)
       {
         return SauvReader::New(fileName);
       }
@@ -2833,7 +2833,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   public:
     static SauvWriter * New();
     void setMEDFileDS(const MEDFileData* medData, unsigned meshIndex = 0) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
-    void write(const char* fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
+    void write(const std::string& fileName) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     void setCpyGrpIfOnASingleFamilyStatus(bool status) throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     bool getCpyGrpIfOnASingleFamilyStatus() const throw(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception);
     %extend
diff --git a/src/MEDPartitioner/MEDPARTITIONER_MeshCollection.cxx b/src/MEDPartitioner/MEDPARTITIONER_MeshCollection.cxx
index 59a590bb3..ab1f66d8e 100644
--- a/src/MEDPartitioner/MEDPARTITIONER_MeshCollection.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDPartitioner/MEDPARTITIONER_MeshCollection.cxx
@@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@ MEDPARTITIONER::MeshCollection::MeshCollection(const std::string& filename, Para
     </mesh>\n \
   </mapping>\n \
 </root>\n";
-          std::vector<std::string> meshNames=MEDLoader::GetMeshNames(myfile.c_str());
+          std::vector<std::string> meshNames=MEDLoader::GetMeshNames(myfile);
           xml.replace(xml.find("$fileName"),9,myfile);
           xml.replace(xml.find("$meshName"),9,meshNames[0]);
           xml.replace(xml.find("$meshName"),9,meshNames[0]);
@@ -2003,13 +2003,13 @@ void MEDPARTITIONER::MeshCollection::setDomainNames(const std::string& name)
       std::ostringstream oss;
       oss<<name<<"_"<<i;
       if (!isParallelMode() || _domain_selector->isMyDomain(i))
-        _mesh[i]->setName(oss.str().c_str());
+        _mesh[i]->setName(oss.str());
     }
 }
 
 ParaMEDMEM::DataArrayDouble *MEDPARTITIONER::MeshCollection::getField(std::string descriptionField, int iold)
 //getField look for and read it if not done, and assume decrRef() in ~MeshCollection;
-//something like MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f2=MEDLoader::ReadFieldCell(name.c_str(),f1->getMesh()->getName(),0,f1->getName(),0,1);
+//something like MEDCouplingFieldDouble *f2=MEDLoader::ReadFieldCell(name,f1->getMesh()->getName(),0,f1->getName(),0,1);
 {
   int rank=MyGlobals::_Rank;
   std::string tag="ioldFieldDouble="+IntToStr(iold);
@@ -2032,7 +2032,7 @@ ParaMEDMEM::DataArrayDouble *MEDPARTITIONER::MeshCollection::getField(std::strin
   meshName=MyGlobals::_Mesh_Names[iold];
   
   ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingFieldDouble* f2=MEDLoader::ReadField((ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField) typeField,
-                                                              fileName.c_str(), meshName.c_str(), 0, fieldName.c_str(), DT, IT);
+                                                              fileName, meshName, 0, fieldName, DT, IT);
   
   ParaMEDMEM::DataArrayDouble* res=f2->getArray();
   //to know names of components
diff --git a/src/MEDPartitioner/MEDPARTITIONER_MeshCollectionDriver.cxx b/src/MEDPartitioner/MEDPARTITIONER_MeshCollectionDriver.cxx
index 9c6001bc0..3ff67ebdc 100644
--- a/src/MEDPartitioner/MEDPARTITIONER_MeshCollectionDriver.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDPartitioner/MEDPARTITIONER_MeshCollectionDriver.cxx
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ void MeshCollectionDriver::readSubdomain(std::vector<int*>& cellglobal,
   std::string meshname=MyGlobals::_Mesh_Names[idomain];
   std::string file=MyGlobals::_File_Names[idomain];
 
-  ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileUMesh* mfm=ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileUMesh::New(file.c_str(),meshname.c_str());
+  ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileUMesh* mfm=ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileUMesh::New(file,meshname);
   std::vector<int> nonEmpty=mfm->getNonEmptyLevels();
   
   try 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ void MeshCollectionDriver::readSubdomain(int idomain)
   std::string meshname=MyGlobals::_Mesh_Names[idomain];
   std::string file=MyGlobals::_File_Names[idomain];
 
-  ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileUMesh* mfm=ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileUMesh::New(file.c_str(),meshname.c_str());
+  ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileUMesh* mfm=ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileUMesh::New(file,meshname);
   std::vector<int> nonEmpty=mfm->getNonEmptyLevels();
   
   try 
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ void MeshCollectionDriver::writeMedFile(int idomain, const std::string& distfile
   //     faceMeshFilter=(ParaMEDMEM::MEDCouplingUMesh *) faceMesh->buildPartOfMySelf(index,index+filter->getNbOfElems(),true);
   //     faceMesh=faceMeshFilter;
   //   }
-  cellMesh->setName(finalMeshName.c_str());
+  cellMesh->setName(finalMeshName);
   meshes.push_back(cellMesh);
   
   faceMesh->checkCoherency();
@@ -259,17 +259,17 @@ void MeshCollectionDriver::writeMedFile(int idomain, const std::string& distfile
   //     boundaryMesh->setName("boundaryMesh");
   //   }
 
-  MEDLoader::WriteUMeshes(distfilename.c_str(), meshes, true);
+  MEDLoader::WriteUMeshes(distfilename, meshes, true);
   // if (faceMeshFilter!=0)
   //   faceMeshFilter->decrRef();
 
   // if (boundaryMesh!=0)
   //   {
   //     //doing that testMesh becomes second mesh sorted by alphabetical order of name
-  //     MEDLoader::WriteUMesh(distfilename.c_str(), boundaryMesh, false);
+  //     MEDLoader::WriteUMesh(distfilename, boundaryMesh, false);
   //     boundaryMesh->decrRef();
   //   }
-  ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileUMesh* mfm=ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileUMesh::New(distfilename.c_str(), _collection->getMesh(idomain)->getName().c_str());
+  ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileUMesh* mfm=ParaMEDMEM::MEDFileUMesh::New(distfilename, _collection->getMesh(idomain)->getName());
 
   mfm->setFamilyInfo(_collection->getFamilyInfo());
   mfm->setGroupInfo(_collection->getGroupInfo());
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ void MeshCollectionDriver::writeMedFile(int idomain, const std::string& distfile
   if (_collection->getMapDataArrayInt().find(key)!=_collection->getMapDataArrayInt().end())
     mfm->setFamilyFieldArr(0,_collection->getMapDataArrayInt().find(key)->second);
 
-  mfm->write(distfilename.c_str(),0);
+  mfm->write(distfilename,0);
   key="/inewFieldDouble="+IntToStr(idomain)+"/";
 
   std::map<std::string,ParaMEDMEM::DataArrayDouble*>::iterator it;
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ void MeshCollectionDriver::writeMedFile(int idomain, const std::string& distfile
           continue;
         }
       nbfFieldFound++;
-      field->setName(fieldName.c_str());
+      field->setName(fieldName);
       field->setMesh(mfm->getLevel0Mesh(false));
       ParaMEDMEM::DataArrayDouble *da=(*it).second;
     
@@ -337,12 +337,12 @@ void MeshCollectionDriver::writeMedFile(int idomain, const std::string& distfile
       r1=SelectTagsInVectorOfString(r1,"typeField="+IntToStr(typeField));
       r1=SelectTagsInVectorOfString(r1,"DT="+IntToStr(DT));
       r1=SelectTagsInVectorOfString(r1,"IT="+IntToStr(IT));
-      //not saved in file? field->setDescription(ExtractFromDescription(r1[0], "fieldDescription=").c_str());
+      //not saved in file? field->setDescription(ExtractFromDescription(r1[0], "fieldDescription="));
       int nbc=StrToInt(ExtractFromDescription(r1[0], "nbComponents="));
       if (nbc==da->getNumberOfComponents())
         {
           for (int i=0; i<nbc; i++) 
-            da->setInfoOnComponent(i,ExtractFromDescription(r1[0], "componentInfo"+IntToStr(i)+"=").c_str());
+            da->setInfoOnComponent(i,ExtractFromDescription(r1[0], "componentInfo"+IntToStr(i)+"="));
         }
       else
         {
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ void MeshCollectionDriver::writeMedFile(int idomain, const std::string& distfile
       field->checkCoherency();
       try
         {
-          MEDLoader::WriteField(distfilename.c_str(),field,false);
+          MEDLoader::WriteField(distfilename,field,false);
         }
       catch(INTERP_KERNEL::Exception& e)
         {
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ void MeshCollectionDriver::writeMedFile(int idomain, const std::string& distfile
           tmp+="_"+fieldName+"_"+IntToStr(nbfFieldFound)+".med";
           newName.replace(newName.find(".med"),4,tmp);
           std::cout << "WARNING : writeMedFile : create a new file name with only one field because MEDLoader::WriteField throw:" << newName << std::endl;
-          MEDLoader::WriteField(newName.c_str(),field,true);
+          MEDLoader::WriteField(newName,field,true);
         }
     }
   mfm->decrRef();
diff --git a/src/MEDPartitioner/MEDPARTITIONER_Utils.cxx b/src/MEDPartitioner/MEDPARTITIONER_Utils.cxx
index 12538cf5f..6fd6a42ea 100644
--- a/src/MEDPartitioner/MEDPARTITIONER_Utils.cxx
+++ b/src/MEDPartitioner/MEDPARTITIONER_Utils.cxx
@@ -559,20 +559,20 @@ std::vector<std::string> MEDPARTITIONER::BrowseFieldDouble(const ParaMEDMEM::MED
 std::vector<std::string> MEDPARTITIONER::BrowseAllFields(const std::string& myfile)
 {
   std::vector<std::string> res;
-  std::vector<std::string> meshNames=MEDLoader::GetMeshNames(myfile.c_str());
+  std::vector<std::string> meshNames=MEDLoader::GetMeshNames(myfile);
   
   for (std::size_t i=0; i<meshNames.size(); i++)
     {
       std::vector<std::string> fieldNames=
-        MEDLoader::GetAllFieldNamesOnMesh(myfile.c_str(),meshNames[i].c_str());
+        MEDLoader::GetAllFieldNamesOnMesh(myfile,meshNames[i]);
       for (std::size_t j = 0; j < fieldNames.size(); j++)
         {
           std::vector< ParaMEDMEM::TypeOfField > typeFields=
-            MEDLoader::GetTypesOfField(myfile.c_str(), meshNames[i].c_str(), fieldNames[j].c_str());
+            MEDLoader::GetTypesOfField(myfile, meshNames[i], fieldNames[j]);
           for (std::size_t k = 0; k < typeFields.size(); k++)
             {
               std::vector< std::pair< int, int > > its=
-                MEDLoader::GetFieldIterations(typeFields[k], myfile.c_str(), meshNames[i].c_str(), fieldNames[j].c_str());
+                MEDLoader::GetFieldIterations(typeFields[k], myfile, meshNames[i], fieldNames[j]);
               if (MyGlobals::_Is0verbose>100)
                 std::cout<< "fieldName " << fieldNames[j] << " typeField " << typeFields[k] << " its.size() " << its.size() << std::endl;
               for (std::size_t m = 0; m < its.size(); m++)
diff --git a/src/ParaMEDMEM/InterpolationMatrix.cxx b/src/ParaMEDMEM/InterpolationMatrix.cxx
index dd96381ba..fc122596e 100644
--- a/src/ParaMEDMEM/InterpolationMatrix.cxx
+++ b/src/ParaMEDMEM/InterpolationMatrix.cxx
@@ -119,19 +119,19 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
           {
             MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> source_mesh_wrapper(source_supportC);
             INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D interpolation(*this);
-            interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth.c_str());
+            interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth);
           }
         else if(source_supportC->getMeshDimension()==3 && source_supportC->getSpaceDimension()==3)
           {
             MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> source_mesh_wrapper(source_supportC);
             INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D interpolation(*this);
-            interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth.c_str());
+            interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth);
           }
         else if(source_supportC->getMeshDimension()==2 && source_supportC->getSpaceDimension()==3)
           {
             MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,2> source_mesh_wrapper(source_supportC);
             INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3DSurf interpolation(*this);
-            interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth.c_str());
+            interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(source_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth);
           }
         else
           throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("No para interpolation available for the given mesh and space dimension of source mesh to -1D targetMesh");
@@ -142,19 +142,19 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
           {
             MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> distant_mesh_wrapper(distant_supportC);
             INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D interpolation(*this);
-            interpolation.toIntegralUniform(distant_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth.c_str());
+            interpolation.toIntegralUniform(distant_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth);
           }
         else if(distant_supportC->getMeshDimension()==3 && distant_supportC->getSpaceDimension()==3)
           {
             MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> distant_mesh_wrapper(distant_supportC);
             INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D interpolation(*this);
-            interpolation.toIntegralUniform(distant_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth.c_str());
+            interpolation.toIntegralUniform(distant_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth);
           }
         else if(distant_supportC->getMeshDimension()==2 && distant_supportC->getSpaceDimension()==3)
           {
             MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,2> distant_mesh_wrapper(distant_supportC);
             INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3DSurf interpolation(*this);
-            interpolation.toIntegralUniform(distant_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth.c_str());
+            interpolation.toIntegralUniform(distant_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth);
           }
         else
           throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("No para interpolation available for the given mesh and space dimension of distant mesh to -1D sourceMesh");
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> target_wrapper(distant_supportC);
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> source_wrapper(source_supportC);
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D2D interpolator (*this);
-        interpolator.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());
+        interpolator.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
         source_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
       }
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> target_wrapper(distant_supportC);
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> source_wrapper(source_supportC);
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D1D interpolator (*this);
-        interpolator.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());
+        interpolator.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
         source_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
       }
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<1,1> source_wrapper(source_supportC);
 
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation1D interpolation(*this);
-        interpolation.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());
+        interpolation.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
         source_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
       }
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,1> source_wrapper(source_supportC);
 
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2DCurve interpolation(*this);
-        interpolation.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());
+        interpolation.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
         source_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
       }
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,2> source_wrapper(source_supportC);
 
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3DSurf interpolator (*this);
-        interpolator.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());
+        interpolator.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
         source_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
       }
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> source_wrapper(source_supportC);
 
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D interpolator (*this);
-        interpolator.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());
+        interpolator.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
         source_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
       }
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> source_wrapper(source_supportC);
 
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D interpolator (*this);
-        interpolator.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());
+        interpolator.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
         source_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
       }
diff --git a/src/ParaMEDMEM/NonCoincidentDEC.cxx b/src/ParaMEDMEM/NonCoincidentDEC.cxx
index 4015ee7e0..077539bfa 100644
--- a/src/ParaMEDMEM/NonCoincidentDEC.cxx
+++ b/src/ParaMEDMEM/NonCoincidentDEC.cxx
@@ -98,7 +98,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   fvm_nodal_t*  medmemMeshToFVMMesh(const MEDMEM::MESH* mesh)
   {
     // create an FVM structure from the paramesh structure
-    fvm_nodal_t * fvm_nodal = fvm_nodal_create(mesh->getName().c_str(),mesh->getMeshDimension());
+    std::string meshName(mesh->getName());//this line avoid that mesh->getName() object killed before fvm_nodal_create read the const char *.
+    fvm_nodal_t * fvm_nodal = fvm_nodal_create(meshName.c_str(),mesh->getMeshDimension());
       
     //loop on cell types
     int nbtypes = mesh->getNumberOfTypes(MED_EN::MED_CELL);
@@ -168,7 +169,8 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
   {
 
     // create an FVM structure from the paramesh structure
-    fvm_nodal_t * fvm_nodal = fvm_nodal_create(support->getName().c_str(),1);
+    std::string supportName(support->getName());//this line avoid that support->getName() object killed before fvm_nodal_create read the const char *.
+    fvm_nodal_t * fvm_nodal = fvm_nodal_create(supportName.c_str(),1);
       
     const MEDMEM::MESH* mesh= support->getMesh();
       
diff --git a/src/ParaMEDMEM/OverlapInterpolationMatrix.cxx b/src/ParaMEDMEM/OverlapInterpolationMatrix.cxx
index 82e15236a..6c85fc105 100644
--- a/src/ParaMEDMEM/OverlapInterpolationMatrix.cxx
+++ b/src/ParaMEDMEM/OverlapInterpolationMatrix.cxx
@@ -95,19 +95,19 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
           {
             MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> target_mesh_wrapper(trgC);
             INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D interpolation(*this);
-            colSize=interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(target_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,trgMeth.c_str());
+            colSize=interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(target_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,trgMeth);
           }
         else if(trgC->getMeshDimension()==3 && trgC->getSpaceDimension()==3)
           {
             MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> target_mesh_wrapper(trgC);
             INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D interpolation(*this);
-            colSize=interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(target_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,trgMeth.c_str());
+            colSize=interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(target_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,trgMeth);
           }
         else if(trgC->getMeshDimension()==2 && trgC->getSpaceDimension()==3)
           {
             MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,2> target_mesh_wrapper(trgC);
             INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3DSurf interpolation(*this);
-            colSize=interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(target_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,trgMeth.c_str());
+            colSize=interpolation.fromIntegralUniform(target_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,trgMeth);
           }
         else
           throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("No para interpolation available for the given mesh and space dimension of source mesh to -1D targetMesh");
@@ -118,19 +118,19 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
           {
             MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> local_mesh_wrapper(srcC);
             INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D interpolation(*this);
-            colSize=interpolation.toIntegralUniform(local_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth.c_str());
+            colSize=interpolation.toIntegralUniform(local_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth);
           }
         else if(srcC->getMeshDimension()==3 && srcC->getSpaceDimension()==3)
           {
             MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> local_mesh_wrapper(srcC);
             INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D interpolation(*this);
-            colSize=interpolation.toIntegralUniform(local_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth.c_str());
+            colSize=interpolation.toIntegralUniform(local_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth);
           }
         else if(srcC->getMeshDimension()==2 && srcC->getSpaceDimension()==3)
           {
             MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,2> local_mesh_wrapper(srcC);
             INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3DSurf interpolation(*this);
-            colSize=interpolation.toIntegralUniform(local_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth.c_str());
+            colSize=interpolation.toIntegralUniform(local_mesh_wrapper,surfaces,srcMeth);
           }
         else
           throw INTERP_KERNEL::Exception("No para interpolation available for the given mesh and space dimension of distant mesh to -1D sourceMesh");
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> source_wrapper(srcC);
         
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D2D interpolator (*this);
-        colSize=interpolator.interpolateMeshes(source_wrapper,target_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());
+        colSize=interpolator.interpolateMeshes(source_wrapper,target_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
         source_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
       }
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D2D interpolator (*this);
         vector<map<int,double> > surfacesTranspose;
-        colSize=interpolator.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());//not a bug target in source.
+        colSize=interpolator.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);//not a bug target in source.
         TransposeMatrix(surfacesTranspose,colSize,surfaces);
         colSize=surfacesTranspose.size();
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> source_wrapper(srcC);
         
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D1D interpolator (*this);
-        colSize=interpolator.interpolateMeshes(source_wrapper,target_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());
+        colSize=interpolator.interpolateMeshes(source_wrapper,target_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
         source_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
       }
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D1D interpolator (*this);
         vector<map<int,double> > surfacesTranspose;
-        colSize=interpolator.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfacesTranspose,interpMethod.c_str());//not a bug target in source.
+        colSize=interpolator.interpolateMeshes(target_wrapper,source_wrapper,surfacesTranspose,interpMethod);//not a bug target in source.
         TransposeMatrix(surfacesTranspose,colSize,surfaces);
         colSize=surfacesTranspose.size();
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<1,1> source_wrapper(srcC);
 
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation1D interpolation(*this);
-        colSize=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_wrapper,target_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());
+        colSize=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_wrapper,target_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
         source_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
       }
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,1> source_wrapper(srcC);
 
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2DCurve interpolation(*this);
-        colSize=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_wrapper,target_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());
+        colSize=interpolation.interpolateMeshes(source_wrapper,target_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
         source_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
       }
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,2> source_wrapper(srcC);
 
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3DSurf interpolator (*this);
-        colSize=interpolator.interpolateMeshes(source_wrapper,target_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());
+        colSize=interpolator.interpolateMeshes(source_wrapper,target_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
         source_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
       }
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<2,2> source_wrapper(srcC);
 
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation2D interpolator (*this);
-        colSize=interpolator.interpolateMeshes(source_wrapper,target_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());
+        colSize=interpolator.interpolateMeshes(source_wrapper,target_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
         source_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
       }
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ namespace ParaMEDMEM
         MEDCouplingNormalizedUnstructuredMesh<3,3> source_wrapper(srcC);
 
         INTERP_KERNEL::Interpolation3D interpolator (*this);
-        colSize=interpolator.interpolateMeshes(source_wrapper,target_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod.c_str());
+        colSize=interpolator.interpolateMeshes(source_wrapper,target_wrapper,surfaces,interpMethod);
         target_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
         source_wrapper.releaseTempArrays();
       }
diff --git a/src/RENUMBER/renumbering.cxx b/src/RENUMBER/renumbering.cxx
index 41c6938f4..6af7b38be 100644
--- a/src/RENUMBER/renumbering.cxx
+++ b/src/RENUMBER/renumbering.cxx
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
     }
   // Reading file structure
   cout << "Reading : " << flush;
-  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileData> fd=MEDFileData::New(filename_in.c_str());
-  MEDFileMesh *m=fd->getMeshes()->getMeshWithName(meshname.c_str());
+  MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<MEDFileData> fd(MEDFileData::New(filename_in));
+  MEDFileMesh *m=fd->getMeshes()->getMeshWithName(meshname);
   MEDFileUMesh *mc=dynamic_cast<MEDFileUMesh *>(m);
   if(!mc)
     {
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
       MEDCouplingAutoRefCountObjectPtr<DataArrayInt> famField2=famField->renumber(perm->begin());
       mc->setFamilyFieldArr(0,famField2);
     }
-  mc->write(filename_out.c_str(),2);
+  mc->write(filename_out,2);
   t_family=clock();
   cout << " : " << (t_family-t_compute_graph)/(double) CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s" << endl << flush;
   // Fields
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
                 }
             }
         }
-      fs->write(filename_out.c_str(),0);
-      //fs->renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(meshname.c_str(),code,code,o2n); bugged
+      fs->write(filename_out,0);
+      //fs->renumberEntitiesLyingOnMesh(meshname,code,code,o2n); bugged
     }
   t_field=clock();
   cout << " : " << (t_field-t_family)/(double) CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s" << endl << flush;