[plugins/blsurfplugin.git] / doc / salome / gui / BLSURFPLUGIN / input / blsurf_hypo.doc

/*!

\page blsurf_hypo_page MG-CADSurf Parameters hypothesis

\anchor blsurf_top

\tableofcontents

\section blsurf_general_parameters General parameters

\image html blsurf_parameters.png

- <b>Name</b> - allows defining the name of the hypothesis (MG-CADSurf
Parameters_n by default).

- <b>Physical Mesh</b> - can be set to <em>None</em>, <em>Global size</em>
  or <em>Local size</em>

  - if set to <em>Global size</em>, only the <b>User size</b>,
  <b>Max Size</b> and <b>Min Size</b> fields are taken into account.

  - if set to <em>Local size</em>, behaves like <em>Custom</em> mode and takes into
  account the "Gradation" parameter and the custom elements sizes given in the
  "Local size" tab.

- <b>Geometrical mesh</b> - can be set to <em>None</em>, <em>Global size</em>

  - if set to <em>Global size</em>, allows user input in <b>Mesh angle</b>,
  <b>Mesh distance</b> and <b>Gradation</b> fields. These fields control
  computation of the element size, so called <i>geometrical size</i>, conform
  to the surface geometry considering local curvatures. If both the <b>User size</b>
  and the <i>geometrical parameters</i> are defined, the  eventual element size
  corresponds to the least of the two.

- <b>User size</b> - defines the size of the generated mesh elements. If "Relative value"
is checked, the value is relative to the diagonal of the shape.

- <b>Max Size</b> - defines the upper limit of mesh element size. If "Relative value"
is checked, the value is relative to the diagonal of the shape.

- <b>Min Size</b> - defines the lower limit of mesh element size. If "Relative value"
is checked, the value is relative to the diagonal of the shape.

- <b>Gradation</b> - maximum ratio between the lengths of two adjacent edges.

- <b>Quadratic mesh</b> - if checked, quadratic elements will be generated.

- <b>Mesh angle</b> - Limiting angle (in degree) between the plane of a triangle of the mesh and each of the tangent planes at the three vertices.
The smaller this angle is, the closer the mesh is to the exact surface, and the denser the resulting mesh is.

- <b>Mesh distance</b> - Maximum desired distance between a triangle and its supporting CAD surface.
The smaller this distance is, the closer the mesh is to the exact surface (only available in isotropic meshing).

- <b>Anisotropic</b> - if checked, this parameter defines the maximum anisotropic ratio of the metric governing the anisotropic meshing process.
The default value (0) means that the metric (and thus the generated elements) can be arbitrarily stretched.

- <b>Remove tiny edges</b> - if checked, the tiny (nano) edges are removed from the generated mesh.
The tiny edge value defines the minimal length under which an edge is considered to be a tiny one.

- <b>Remove bad elements</b> - if checked, the bad elements (slivers) are removed from the generated mesh.
The bad element value defines the aspect ratio triggering the "bad element” classification.

- <b>Mesh optimisation</b> - if checked, the mesh will be optimized in order to get better shaped elements.

- <b>Allow Quadrangles</b> - if checked, allows the creation of quadrilateral elements.

\ref blsurf_top "Back to top"

\section blsurf_advanced_parameters Advanced parameters

The notion of <i>diag</i> used in the descriptions means the diagonal of the bounding box of the geometrical object to mesh.

\image html blsurf_parameters_advanced.png

- <b>PreCAD options</b> -if checked, the PreCAD module will be used. This module has
two main goals:

  - Complete missing or inadequate CAD descriptions.

  - Perform topology reconstruction and specific geometry
  enhancement for mesh generation.

  \n This module requires a specific licence. The following PreCAD
  options are the most significant and important ones:

    - <b>Merge Edges</b> - allows PreCAD to optimize the geometry by merging some
    edges. This option is checked by default.

    - <b>Process 3D topology</b> - allows PreCAD to perform the cleanup processing.
    This option is checked by default.

    - <b>Discard input topology</b> - computes the CAD topology from scratch, 
    without considering the topological information contained in the original CAD
    (useful for iges files). This option is unchecked by default.

- <b>Verbosity level</b> - defines the percentage of "verbosity" of
MeshGems-CADSurf and MeshGems-PreCAD [0-10].

- <b>ExportGMF</b> - saves the computed mesh into a GMF file (.mesh or .meshb).

- <b>Add option</b> - provides the choice of multiple PreCAD and MG-CADSurf 
advanced options, which appear, if selected, in a table where it is 
possible to input the value of the option and edit it later.

- <b>Clear option</b> - removes the option selected in the table.

The following MG-CADSurf options are commonly usable:

- \b frontal (integer)

  - 1 - the mesh generator inserts points with an advancing front method.

  - 0 - it inserts them with an algebraic method (on internal edges). This method is
  slightly faster but generates less regular meshes.

  \n Default is 1.

- \anchor blsurf_hinterpol_flag \b hinterpol_flag (integer) - determines the computation of an
interpolated value <i>v</i> between two points <i>P1</i> and <i>P2</i> on a
curve. Let <i>h1</i> be the value at point <i>P1,</i> <i>h2</i> be the value at point
<i>P2,</i> and <i>t</i> be a parameter varying from 0 to 1 when moving from <i>P1
to</i> <i>P2</i>.

  - 0 - the interpolation is linear: \f$v = h1 + t (h2 - h1 )\f$

  - 1 - the interpolation is geometric: \f$v = h1 \times \left( \frac{h1}{h2} \right)^{t}\f$

  - 2 - the interpolation is sinusoidal: \f$v = \frac{h1+h2}{2} + \frac{h1-h2}{2 \cdot \cos(\pi \cdot t)}\f$

  \n Default is 0.

- \anchor blsurf_hmean_flag \b hmean_flag (integer) - determines the computation of the average of several
values:

  - -1 - the minimum is computed.

  - 0 or 2 - the arithmetic average is computed.

  - 1 - the geometric average is computed.

  \n Default is 0.

The following PreCAD options are commonly usable. 

- \b closed_geometry (boolean) - describes whether the working geometry
should be closed or not. When activated, this option helps PreCAD to process 
the dirtiest geometries. By default this option is 0.

- \b create_tag_collision (boolean) - creates new tags from original ones in case
of collision (entity merge or association for example). By default
this option is 1.

- \b debug (bool) - If debug = 1 PreCAD will be very verbose and will output
some intermediate files in the working directory. By default this
option is 0.

- \b manifold_geometry (int) - describes whether the working geometry should be manifold or not.
When activated, this option helps PreCAD to process the dirtiest
geometries. By default this option is 0.

- \b periodic_tolerance (real) - defines the maximum distance error accepted between
two sets of periodic entities. By default this option is \f$\mathrm{diag} \times 10^{-5}\f$.

- \b remove_tiny_edges (boolean) -optimize the geometry by removing the nano edges whenever possible.
By default this option is 0.

- \b required_entities (char) -controls the correction operations. Possible values are:

  - "respect" - PreCAD is not allowed to correct or optimize a required edge.

  - "ignore" - PreCAD is allowed to correct a required edge.

  - "clear" - PreCAD will erase "required" status of each required entities, and will thus
  be allowed to correct a required edge.

  \n By default this option is "respect".

- \b sewing_tolerance (real) - tolerance of the assembly. It rarely requires to be tuned.
By default this option is \f$\mathrm{diag} \times 5 \cdot 10^{-4}\f$.

- \b tags (char) -controls the optimisation process. Possible values are:

  - "respect" - PreCAD is not allowed to cross the CAD attributes boundaries for optimisation purpose.

  - "ignore" - PreCAD is allowed to cross the CAD attributes boundaries for optimisation.

  - "clear" - PreCAD will erase each tgas of each entities, and will thus
  be allowed to cross the CAD attributes boundaries in its optimisation purpose.

  \n By default this option is "respect".

- \b tiny_edge_length (real) -  the length below which en edge is considered as nano for the topology processing.
By default this option is \f$10^{-5}\f$.

\ref blsurf_top "Back to top"

\section blsurf_local_size Local size

Local sizes can be defined on faces, edges or vertices:

- The faces, edges and vertices can belong to the meshed geometrical
object or to its sub-shapes (created using <b>Explode</b> command).

- Groups of faces, edges and vertices are also handled.

- It is possible to attribute the same size to several geometries using multi-selection.

- The sizes are constant values or python functions.

- In case of a python function, the following rules must be respected:

  - The name of the function is f.

  - If geometry is a face or a group of faces, the function is f(u,v).

  - If geometry is an edge or a group of edges, the function is f(t).

  - If geometry is a vertex or a group of vertices, the function is f().

  - The function must return a double.

3 different types of size maps can be defined:

-# \ref blsurf_sizemap_computation "Computation of the physical size"
-# \ref blsurf_attractor "Advanced maps"
-# \ref blsurf_attractor_computation "Computation of attractors"

\ref blsurf_top "Back to top"

\subsection blsurf_sizemap_computation Computation of the physical size

\image html blsurf_parameters_sizemap1.png 

The physical size is obtained by querying sizemap functions associated
to the input CAD object for surfaces, curves and points.
Each function can either return a value h (which is then trimmed
between the two bounds hphymin and hphymax), or "no answer" (by not
assigning a value to h), thus providing great flexibility in the
specification of the sizes. The computation depends on whether point P
is internal to a surface, internal to a curve, or at the end of
several curves:

- If point P is internal to a surface, the CAD surface size function
is queried. If no answer is returned, one interpolates with the values
at the vertices of the discretized interface curves.

- If point P is internal to a curve, the CAD curve size function is
queried first. If no answer is returned, the surface size function is
queried for every adjacent surface and the mean value of the returned
values is computed. If no answer is returned, sizes h1 and h2 at both
ends of the curve are considered (see next item) and the interpolated
value is computed.

- If point P is at the extremity of several curves, the CAD point size
function is queried first. If no answer is returned, the curve size
function is queried for every adjacent curve and the mean value of the
returned values is computed. If no answer is returned, the surface
size function is queried for every adjacent surface and the mean value
of the returned values is computed. If there is still no answer
returned, the default value hphydef is kept.

In order to compute the mean of several values, the arithmetic mean is
used by default, but this can be modified by the parameter
\ref blsurf_hmean_flag "hmean flag". In the same way, in order to
interpolate two values, a linear interpolation is used by default, but
this can be modified by \ref blsurf_hinterpol_flag "hinterpol flag". 

\ref blsurf_local_size "Back to \"Local size\""\n
\ref blsurf_top "Back to top"

\subsection blsurf_attractor Advanced maps

\image html blsurf_parameters_sizemap2.png 

More specific size maps can be defined on faces. 

- <i> Attractors </i> allow to define the size of the mesh elements
on a face so that the mesh is the finest on the attractor shape and
becomes coarser when getting far from this shape.

  - The selected attractor can be a Vertex, an Edge, a Wire or a
  Compound mixing several entities of those types.

  - The attractor doesn't have to be a sub-shape of the shape to mesh.

  - The size will grow exponentially (see the formula below) but is
  bounded by gradation, \n so if you want the formula to be strictly
  respected, you should set the <i>gradation</i> 
  to its maximum (2.5) in the <i>arguments</i> tab. 

- Furthermore you can choose to <i> keep the size constant </i>
until a certain distance from a shape. This option can be combined or
not with an <i>attractor</i> size map described above. 

  - If the two options are combined the size will remain constant
  until the distance specified in "constant over" and grow then as
  prescribed by the attractor function.

  - Else the growing is only controled by the standard arguments of
  MG-CADSurf (gradation ...).

\image html blsurf_const_size_near_shape2.png "Example of size map with constant size option, the size is kept constant on the left side of the surface until a certain distance"

\note The validation of the hypothesis might take a few seconds if
attractors are defined or the "constant size" option is used because a
map of distances has to be built on the whole surface for each face
where such a hypothesis has been defined.

\sa Sample TUI Script of the \ref tui_blsurf "creation of a MG-CADSurf hypothesis", including size map.

\ref blsurf_local_size "Back to \"Local size\""\n
\ref blsurf_top "Back to top"

\subsection blsurf_attractor_computation Computation of attractors

The size grows exponentially following the equation : 
\f$h(d) = \mathrm{User Size} + (\mathrm{h\_start} - \mathrm{User Size}) \times e ^ { - \left( \frac{d}{R} \right) ^ {2} }\f$

Where :

- h_start is the desired size on the given attractor shape

- d is the distance of the current point from the attractor
shape. The distance is the geodesic distance (i.e. calculated by following the surface to be meshed)

- R is called the distance of influence and allows controlling the growth rate of the mesh

\image html blsurf_attractors2.png "Example of mesh created using attractors, the attractors here are the side edges and the size grows from the side of the surface towards the apex"

\ref blsurf_local_size "Back to \"Local size\""\n
\ref blsurf_top "Back to top"

\section blsurf_enforced_elements Enforced vertices

\image html blsurf_parameters_enforced_vertices.png

It is possible to define some enforced vertices to MG-CADSurf algorithm.
An enforced vertex is defined on a Face or a Compound by

- selecting an existing Vertex or Compound,

- or creating a new vertex given its coordinates.

The enforced vertex is the projection of a point defined by its
(x,y,z) coordinates on the selected face.

- It is possible to define several enforced vertices on a face or a group of faces.

- If the projected point is on the boundary or outside of the face, it will be ignored.

- If a group name is specified : If the group exists, the enforced nodes will be added in the existing group, if the group does not exist it will be created.

All the internal vertices of the faces can be considered as enforced vertices if the corresponding checkbox is checked.
A group can optionnaly be defined on those enforced vertices.

\sa Sample TUI Script of the \ref tui_blsurf "creation of a MG-CADSurf hypothesis", including enforced vertices.

\ref blsurf_top "Back to top"


\section blsurf_periodicity Periodicity

\subsection periodicity_introduction Introduction

Periodicity is used to have the same discretization on two faces (in 3D) or two edges (in 2D).
This is useful for instance for a Representative Volume Element so that the translated meshes share the same nodes on the common faces.

In GUI, periodicity association uses PreCAD (optional MG-CADSurf add-on). Be sure to have a PreCAD license to be able to use it. Otherwise, use \ref periodicity_tui_basic_api_usage "the basic API in TUI" or the \ref periodicity_tui_advanced_api_usage "the advanced API in TUI".

\image html blsurf_periodicity_translation.png "Two periodic faces (translation)"

\image html blsurf_periodicity_reflexion.png "Two periodic faces (reflexion)"

\image html blsurf_periodicity_2D.png "Associations of edges in 2D (both red edges are associated with each other)"

\subsection periodicity_gui_usage GUI usage

\image html blsurf_parameters_periodicity.png

The periodicity association can be defined:

- on 2 groups of faces (in 3D)
- on 2 groups of edges (in 2D)

If the transformation is a translation, PreCAD makes the periodicity association with only this information.

Otherwise, for instance a rotation, the user has to define 3 non-colinear vertices and their image by the transformation.

\subsection periodicity_tui_precad_usage TUI PreCAD usage

The two methods to define periodicity with PreCAD are
(the former name of <em>MG-CADSurf</em> is \a BLSURF and names
of the corresponding classes and modules still include \a "BLSURF"):
- BLSURFPluginBuilder.BLSURF_Algorithm.AddPreCadFacesPeriodicity 
- BLSURFPluginBuilder.BLSURF_Algorithm.AddPreCadEdgesPeriodicity

List of source and target vertices to define a transformation are optional.

\sa Sample TUI Script of the definition of MG-CADSurf periodicity \ref tui_blsurf_periodicity_preCAD "using preCAD".

\subsection periodicity_tui_basic_api_usage TUI Basic API usage

In the CADSurf basic API, only available in TUI, the periodicity must be defined face by face, edge by edge and vertex by vertex.

The methods are:
- BLSURFPluginBuilder.BLSURF_Algorithm.AddFacePeriodicity
- BLSURFPluginBuilder.BLSURF_Algorithm.AddEdgePeriodicity
- BLSURFPluginBuilder.BLSURF_Algorithm.AddEdgePeriodicityWithoutFaces
- BLSURFPluginBuilder.BLSURF_Algorithm.AddVertexPeriodicity

Sample TUI Script of the definition of MG-CADSurf periodicity \ref tui_blsurf_periodicity_basic "using basic API (without preCAD)".

\subsection periodicity_tui_advanced_api_usage TUI Advanced API usage

To ease the periodicity description, the basic API methods can be called through two advanced methods, given two geom groups and a python geom transformation:

- BLSURFPluginBuilder.BLSURF_Algorithm.AddAdvancedFacesPeriodicity (in 3D)
- BLSURFPluginBuilder.BLSURF_Algorithm.AddAdvancedEdgesPeriodicity (in 2D)

Sample TUI Script of the definition of MG-CADSurf periodicity \ref tui_blsurf_periodicity_advanced "using advanced API (without preCAD)".

\ref blsurf_top "Back to top"

*/